E-assessment em ensino a distância on-line: estudo exploratório no curso de licenciatura em gestão de negócios da Universidade Eduardo Mondlane

A evolução acelerada da tecnologia, com um grande impacto em quase todos os segmentos da humanidade, coloca o homem perante novos desafios, com vários graus de complexidade. Cada dia que passa, estes desafios exigem novas competências e estratégias que devem ser adequadas a cada contexto. A dinâmica das tecnologias de comunicação e informação impulsionaram a evolução do ensino a distância (EaD), o que de certo modo tem exigido grandemente às instituições provedoras do EaD em geral e, em particular, às provedoras do EaD on-line novas formas de gestão, e novas formas de ensinar, fazer aprender os seus estudantes e avaliar as suas aprendizagens. No sentido de contribuir para a evolução e melhoramento do processo de avaliação das aprendizagens on-line, desenvolveu-se um estudo sobre o tema avaliação das aprendizagens on-line como elemento potenciador da interação em EaD. O desenvolvimento do tema foi orientado por um referencial teórico e contextual e concretizou-se, na sua vertente empírica, num estudo de caso exploratório. Este estudo desenvolveu-se em duas fases. Fase I: de caracterização de conceções e “práticas” vigentes de avaliação das aprendizagens on-line no Curso de licenciatura de Gestão de Negócios (LGN) da Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (UEM) de Moçambique; Fase II: de conceção, implementação e avaliação de uma proposta alternativa de avaliação das aprendizagens on-line no Curso de LGN. Para a consecução do estudo empírico concorreram um conjunto de procedimentos metodológicos que envolveu diversas técnicas e instrumentos de recolha de dados. Na fase I recorreu-se à entrevista a seis atores do Curso de LGN (3 professores, 3 assessores pedagógicos e 3 estudantes) e à análise documental (documentos relativos à conceção do Curso e outros relativos à sua implementação). Na fase II recorreu-se à observação participante, a um questionário respondido pelos estudantes participantes, a um relatório elaborado pelo professor colaborador na implementação da proposta por nós concebido, e a documentos retirados da plataforma usada no Curso de LGN, a plataforma Aulanet, nomeadamente quanto às interações dos estudantes em fóruns e chats. Os dados recolhidos foram sujeitos a análises quantitativas e qualitativas.Dos resultados obtidos na Fase I realça-se a necessidade sentida pelos entrevistados de se mudarem práticas de avaliação on-line, nomeadamente de forma a potenciar a interação e interatividade e permitir que a classificação nos módulos não fosse apenas resultado de um exame final. Dos resultados obtidos na Fase II enfatiza-se a apreciação globalmente positiva da nova metodologia de avaliação das aprendizagens on-line, quer pelos estudantes, quer pelo professor participante. Foram identificados como pontos fortes: o aumento das interações na plataforma, em particular nos fóruns e chats; as interações geraram uma dinâmica na evolução dos estudantes no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento das suas competências no seu sucesso académico; a avaliação, por explicitar os critérios e indicadores, tornou-se mais transparente e orientadora do trabalho dos estudantes e do professor. Porém foram identificados alguns pontos menos fortes, nomeadamente: a sobrecarga de trabalho do professor e a não adesão total dos estudantes à metodologia proposta. Dada a natureza exploratória do estudo sugere-se a sua continuidade, através do envolvimento de outros professores e estudantes.

Rede social de leitores e escritores juniores: portal Biblon: a integração social on-line como catalisador da leitura, criação, expressão e partilha

Com enquadramento nas áreas de Ciência da Informação, Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação e Educação, o estudo em voga visa formular propostas para o uso de rede social on-line de literatura infantil, em torno da biblioteca, para a educação básica, fundamentadas na teoria de comunidades de prática. O estudo de caso recaiu sobre quatro escolas, do 1º ciclo, da Educação Básica, do Agrupamento de Escolas de Aveiro-Portugal, tendo como instrumento para o experimento o Portal Biblon. A análise dos dados permite afirmar que a leitura de livros on-line não está inclusa nas atividades habituais da comunidade escolar pesquisada e, assim, o aluno encontra-se sem referencial para inserir esta prática cultural em suas rotinas e momentos de ócio. O cenário escolar atual não estimula a confluências da prática da leitura literária e da escrita dos alunos com as redes sociais on-line. O estudo aponta que, em uma rede social on-line, o livro de literatura infantil tem o papel de interagente, agregando leitores, em interação, em torno de si e que nas redes sociais on-line tem-se a presença dos “mediadores sociais centrais” que propiciam reforço e sustentação das práticas de leitura, através do contágio e da influência social e são propulsionadores da estrutura e do dinamismo da rede. Como conclusão geral tem-se que os utilizadores do Biblon desenvolvem experiências de leituras e escritas através da interação social, por meio de práticas, rotinas, diálogos e atividades comuns construídas na rede. A interação dentro da rede influencia o uso das ferramentas e o aprendizado para manuseá-las ocorre com as práticas. Assim, os laços associativos e as reações individuais envolvendo a leitura conduzem à formação de rede social em torno dos livros e os comportamentos e as preferências dos atores motivam a leitura e a escrita. Dessa forma, o Portal Biblon configura-se como um instrumento para formação de rede social on-line em torno da literatura infantil.

TCRIO: tecnologia de criatividade relacional inteligente on-line

No âmbito dos contextos de aprendizagem de projeto em Design, nas instituições de Ensino Superior, é cada vez mais frequente a utilização de plataformas de gestão das aprendizagens on-line (LMS) no suporte às atividades curriculares à distância. Contudo estes sistemas apesar de darem um precioso contributo através da gestão de conteúdos, das funcionalidades ligadas à avaliação dos alunos e da comunicação entre pares, respondem de forma ineficiente a outras necessidades específicas de alunos e professores no desenvolvimento de unidades curriculares de Design ligadas à aprendizagem de projeto. Este fato contribuiu para que recorrêssemos às tecnologias móveis e sociais na procura de uma solução que melhor se ajuste à aplicação das novas metodologias de e-learning adaptadas a este tipo de contextos. Partindo dessa constatação desenvolvemos e testámos um modelo tecnológico que julgamos introduzir vantagens bastante significativas na definição de novas metodologias de suporte on-line a contextos de aprendizagem personalizada (PLE) em disciplinas ligadas à aprendizagem colaborativa de projeto em Design. Através do levantamento de necessidades detetadas no terreno e da análise da oferta tecnológica existente, reunimos um conjunto de requisitos que nos permitiu desenvolver o protótipo de um sistema tecnológico que fundamenta a totalidade do modelo teórico que propomos em resposta aos pressupostos equacionados no início deste relatório.

Communication middleware for the future mobile internet

A evolução constante em novas tecnologias que providenciam suporte à forma como os nossos dispositivos se ligam, bem como a forma como utilizamos diferentes capacidades e serviços on-line, criou um conjunto sem precedentes de novos desafios que motivam o desenvolvimento de uma recente área de investigação, denominada de Internet Futura. Nesta nova área de investigação, novos aspectos arquiteturais estão ser desenvolvidos, os quais, através da re-estruturação de componentes nucleares subjacentesa que compõem a Internet, progride-a de uma forma capaz de não são fazer face a estes novos desafios, mas também de a preparar para os desafios de amanhã. Aspectos chave pertencendo a este conjunto de desafios são os ambientes de rede heterogéneos compostos por diferentes tipos de redes de acesso, a cada vez maior mudança do tráfego peer-to-peer (P2P) como o tipo de tráfego mais utilizado na Internet, a orquestração de cenários da Internet das Coisas (IoT) que exploram mecanismos de interação Maquinaa-Maquina (M2M), e a utilização de mechanismos centrados na informação (ICN). Esta tese apresenta uma nova arquitetura capaz de simultaneamente fazer face a estes desafios, evoluindo os procedimentos de conectividade e entidades envolvidas, através da adição de uma camada de middleware, que age como um mecanismo de gestão de controlo avançado. Este mecanismo de gestão de controlo aproxima as entidades de alto nível (tais como serviços, aplicações, entidades de gestão de mobilidade, operações de encaminhamento, etc.) com as componentes das camadas de baixo nível (por exemplo, camadas de ligação, sensores e atuadores), permitindo uma otimização conjunta dos procedimentos de ligação subjacentes. Os resultados obtidos não só sublinham a flexibilidade dos mecanismos que compoem a arquitetura, mas também a sua capacidade de providenciar aumentos de performance quando comparados com outras soluÇÕes de funcionamento especÍfico, enquanto permite um maior leque de cenáios e aplicações.

Dependable wireless real-time communications for open environments

Wireless communication technologies have become widely adopted, appearing in heterogeneous applications ranging from tracking victims, responders and equipments in disaster scenarios to machine health monitoring in networked manufacturing systems. Very often, applications demand a strictly bounded timing response, which, in distributed systems, is generally highly dependent on the performance of the underlying communication technology. These systems are said to have real-time timeliness requirements since data communication must be conducted within predefined temporal bounds, whose unfulfillment may compromise the correct behavior of the system and cause economic losses or endanger human lives. The potential adoption of wireless technologies for an increasingly broad range of application scenarios has made the operational requirements more complex and heterogeneous than before for wired technologies. On par with this trend, there is an increasing demand for the provision of cost-effective distributed systems with improved deployment, maintenance and adaptation features. These systems tend to require operational flexibility, which can only be ensured if the underlying communication technology provides both time and event triggered data transmission services while supporting on-line, on-the-fly parameter modification. Generally, wireless enabled applications have deployment requirements that can only be addressed through the use of batteries and/or energy harvesting mechanisms for power supply. These applications usually have stringent autonomy requirements and demand a small form factor, which hinders the use of large batteries. As the communication support may represent a significant part of the energy requirements of a station, the use of power-hungry technologies is not adequate. Hence, in such applications, low-range technologies have been widely adopted. In fact, although low range technologies provide smaller data rates, they spend just a fraction of the energy of their higher-power counterparts. The timeliness requirements of data communications, in general, can be met by ensuring the availability of the medium for any station initiating a transmission. In controlled (close) environments this can be guaranteed, as there is a strict regulation of which stations are installed in the area and for which purpose. Nevertheless, in open environments, this is hard to control because no a priori abstract knowledge is available of which stations and technologies may contend for the medium at any given instant. Hence, the support of wireless real-time communications in unmanaged scenarios is a highly challenging task. Wireless low-power technologies have been the focus of a large research effort, for example, in the Wireless Sensor Network domain. Although bringing extended autonomy to battery powered stations, such technologies are known to be negatively influenced by similar technologies contending for the medium and, especially, by technologies using higher power transmissions over the same frequency bands. A frequency band that is becoming increasingly crowded with competing technologies is the 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical band, encompassing, for example, Bluetooth and ZigBee, two lowpower communication standards which are the base of several real-time protocols. Although these technologies employ mechanisms to improve their coexistence, they are still vulnerable to transmissions from uncoordinated stations with similar technologies or to higher power technologies such as Wi- Fi, which hinders the support of wireless dependable real-time communications in open environments. The Wireless Flexible Time-Triggered Protocol (WFTT) is a master/multi-slave protocol that builds on the flexibility and timeliness provided by the FTT paradigm and on the deterministic medium capture and maintenance provided by the bandjacking technique. This dissertation presents the WFTT protocol and argues that it allows supporting wireless real-time communication services with high dependability requirements in open environments where multiple contention-based technologies may dispute the medium access. Besides, it claims that it is feasible to provide flexible and timely wireless communications at the same time in open environments. The WFTT protocol was inspired on the FTT paradigm, from which higher layer services such as, for example, admission control has been ported. After realizing that bandjacking was an effective technique to ensure the medium access and maintenance in open environments crowded with contention-based communication technologies, it was recognized that the mechanism could be used to devise a wireless medium access protocol that could bring the features offered by the FTT paradigm to the wireless domain. The performance of the WFTT protocol is reported in this dissertation with a description of the implemented devices, the test-bed and a discussion of the obtained results.

Charting Cartographies of Resistance: Line of Flight in Women Artists’ Narratives

In this paper I chart lines of flight in women artist’s narratives. In focusing on the complex interrelations between the social milieus of education and art, what I suggest is that they should be analysed as an assemblage where power relations and forces of desire are constantly at play in creating conditions of possibility for women to resist, imagine themselves becoming other and for new possibilities in their lives to be actualised. As a novel approach to social ontology the theory of assemblages offers an analytics of social complexity that accounts for open configurations, continuous connections and unstable hierarchies, structures and axes of difference. In reconsidering resistance as immanent in dispositifs of power and assemblages of desire, what I finally argue is that women artists’ narratives contribute to the constitution of minor knowledges and create archives of radical futurity.

On-line operation of an intelligent seismic detector

This study describes the on-line operation of a seismic detection system to act at the level of a seismic station providing similar role to that of a STA /LTA ratio-based detection algorithms. The intelligent detector is a Support Vector Machine (SVM), trained with data consisting of 2903 patterns extracted from records of the PVAQ station, one of the seismographic network's stations of the Institute of Meteorology of Portugal (IM). Records' spectral variations in time and characteristics were reflected in the SVM input patterns, as a set of values of power spectral density at selected frequencies. To ensure that all patterns of the sample data were within the range of variation of the training set, we used an algorithm to separate the universe of data by hyper-convex polyhedrons, determining in this manner a set of patterns that have a mandatory part of the training set. Additionally, an active learning strategy was conducted, by iteratively incorporating poorly classified cases in the training set. After having been trained, the proposed system was experimented in continuous operation for unseen (out of sample) data, and the SVM detector obtained 97.7% and 98.7% of sensitivity and selectivity, respectively. The same type of ANN presented 88.4 % and 99.4% of sensitivity and selectivity when applied to data of a different seismic station of IM. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Miniaturization and Integration of Optoelectronics for Contact Lens Embedded Display and Wireless Communication

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2013

Living and dealing with RF impairments in communication transceivers

This paper provides an overview of the sources and effects of the RF impairments limiting and rendering the performance of the future wireless communication transceivers costly as well as hindering their wide-spread use in commercial products. As transmission bandwidths and carrier frequencies increase effect of these impairments worsen. This paper studies and presents analytical evaluations of the performance degradation due to the RF impairments in terms of bit-error-rate and image rejection ratio. The paper also give highlights of the various aspects of the research carried out in mitigating the effects of these impairments primarily in the digital signal processing domain at the baseband as well as providing low-complexity hardware implementations of such algorithms incorporating a number of power and area saving techniques.

Nonlinear distortion evaluation of reconfigurable RF circuits in wireless communication systems

A compact highly linear microstrip dual - mode optically switchable filter and a reconfigurable power amplifier are presented. The key characteristics of the dual - mode switchable filter are investigated and described. A second order filter design procedure is outlined to facilitate the realisation of Butterworth and Chebyshev functions. The proposed filter was built and tested with an optical switch, which comprised of a silicon dice acti vated using near infrared light. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement. The measured insertion loss in the ON state was 3.0 dB the isolation in the OFF state was 45 dB at the centre frequency. An evaluation of filter distortion is presen ted for digitally modulated M - QAM and M - QAM OFDM singals.

DITRANS - a multi-agent system for integrated diagnosis of power transformers

This paper describes the development and the implementation of a multi-agent system for integrated diagnosis of power transformers. The system is divided in layers which contain a number of agents performing different functions. The social ability and cooperation between the agents lead to the final diagnosis and to other relevant conclusions through integrating various monitoring technologies, diagnostic methods and data sources, such as the dissolved gas analysis.

The electric vehicle integration into the power system: an application to the portuguese case

Electric vehicles (EV) offer a great potential to address the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) in the power grid, and thus reduce the dependence on oil as well as the greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. The high share of wind energy in the Portuguese energy mix expected for 2020 can led to eventual curtailment, especially during the winter when high levels of hydro generation occur. In this paper a methodology based on a unit commitment and economic dispatch is implemented, and a hydro-thermal dispatch is performed in order to evaluate the impact of the EVs integration into the grid. Results show that the considered 10 % penetration of EVs in the Portuguese fleet would increase load in 3 % and would not integrate a significant amount of wind energy because curtailment is already reduced in the absence of EVs. According to the results, the EV is charged mostly with thermal generation and the associated emissions are much higher than if they were calculated based on the generation mix.

IEEE 802.15.4: a Federating Communication Protocol for Time-Sensitive Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been attracting increasing interests for developing a new generation of embedded systems with great potential for many applications such as surveillance, environment monitoring, emergency medical response and home automation. However, the communication paradigms in WSNs differ from the ones attributed to traditional wireless networks, triggering the need for new communication protocols. In this context, the recently standardised IEEE 802.15.4 protocol presents some potentially interesting features for deployment in wireless sensor network applications, such as power-efficiency, timeliness guarantees and scalability. Nevertheless, when addressing WSN applications with (soft/hard) timing requirements some inherent paradoxes emerge, such as power-efficiency versus timeliness, triggering the need of engineering solutions for an efficient deployment of IEEE 802.15.4 in WSNs. In this technical report, we will explore the most relevant characteristics of the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol for wireless sensor networks and present the most important challenges regarding time-sensitive WSN applications. We also provide some timing performance and analysis of the IEEE 802.15.4 that unveil some directions for resolving the previously mentioned paradoxes.

On-line self-healing of circuits implemented on reconfigurable FPGAs

To boost logic density and reduce per unit power consumption SRAM-based FPGAs manufacturers adopted nanometric technologies. However, this technology is highly vulnerable to radiation-induced faults, which affect values stored in memory cells, and to manufacturing imperfections. Fault tolerant implementations, based on Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) infrastructures, help to keep the correct operation of the circuit. However, TMR is not sufficient to guarantee the safe operation of a circuit. Other issues like module placement, the effects of multi- bit upsets (MBU) or fault accumulation, have also to be addressed. In case of a fault occurrence the correct operation of the affected module must be restored and/or the current state of the circuit coherently re-established. A solution that enables the autonomous restoration of the functional definition of the affected module, avoiding fault accumulation, re-establishing the correct circuit state in real-time, while keeping the normal operation of the circuit, is presented in this paper.

A Communication and Resources Management Scheme to Support the Smart Grid Integration of Multiplayers Access to Resources Information

The increasing and intensive integration of distributed energy resources into distribution systems requires adequate methodologies to ensure a secure operation according to the smart grid paradigm. In this context, SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems are an essential infrastructure. This paper presents a conceptual design of a communication and resources management scheme based on an intelligent SCADA with a decentralized, flexible, and intelligent approach, adaptive to the context (context awareness). The methodology is used to support the energy resource management considering all the involved costs, power flows, and electricity prices leading to the network reconfiguration. The methodology also addresses the definition of the information access permissions of each player to each resource. The paper includes a 33-bus network used in a case study that considers an intensive use of distributed energy resources in five distinct implemented operation contexts.