827 resultados para multicultural, social capital, regional migrants, networks
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La confiance envers le gouvernement est une notion fréquemment évoquée dans le discours public et dans la littérature, mais il s’agit d’une notion imprécise, malgré des innovations depuis sa première spécification par David Easton en tant que support systémique. Cette revue de littérature propose de faire le point sur la question de la confiance envers les gouvernements démocratiques. Je définis d’abord la confiance envers le gouvernement comme un concept relationnel et relativement stable dans le temps. Ce mémoire se penche sur 26 facteurs qui sont liés à la confiance envers le gouvernement dans trois grandes catégories : les caractéristiques individuelles, étatiques et sociales. Je démontre que les explications culturelles de la confiance sont nettement supérieures aux explications économiques, et ce à toutes les échelles. Cependant, les jeunes démocraties présentent un profil un peu différent des démocraties plus anciennes : l’économie y joue un rôle un peu plus important.
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Essai critique présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l’obtention du grade de maîtrise en Service Social
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Cette thèse a été réalisée, entre autres, grâce à une subvention reçue du Fonds de recherche du Québec – Société et culture et de son partenaire le ministère de l’Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport (MELS) Les analyses contenues dans cette thèse ont été réalisées au Centre interuniversitaire québécois de statistiques sociales (CIQSS), membre du Réseau canadien des centres de données de recherche (RCCDR). Les activités du CIQSS sont rendues possibles grâce à l’appui financier du CRSHC, des IRSC, de la FCI, de Statistique Canada, du FRQSC ainsi que de l’ensemble des universités québécoises qui participent à leur financement. Les idées exprimées dans ce texte sont celles des auteurs et non celles des partenaires financiers.
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The major problem of the engineering entrance examination is the exclusion of certain sections of the society in social, economic, regional and gender dimensions. This has seldom been taken for analysis towards policy correction. To lessen this problem a minor policy shift was prepared in the year 2011 with a 50–50 proportion in academic marks and entrance marks. The impact of this change is yet to be scrutinized. The data for the study is obtained from the Nodal Centre of Kerala functioning at Cochin University of Science and Technology under the National Technical Manpower Information System and also estimated from the Centralized Allotment Process. The article focuses on two aspects of exclusion based on engineering entrance examination; gender centred as well as caste-linked. Rank order spectral density and Lorenz ratio are used to cognize the exclusion and inequality in community and gender levels in various performance scales. The article unfolds the fact that social status in society coupled with economic affordability to quality education seems to have significant influence in the performance of students in the Kerala engineering entrance examinations. But it also shows that there is wide gender disparity with respect to performance in the high ranking levels irrespective of social groups
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With globalization and increased connectedness, migration has become a political issue. Nevertheless, without citizenship participation in the political system in the host society is limited. Based on a neo-institutionalist approach and referring to political opportunity structure theory, this paper analyzes differences in means of political participation by migrants in two cities, one in the U.S. and one in Germany. Specific focus is put on the welfare state as one factor potentially influencing forms of participation of migrants. From interviews with migrants, local governments, and organizations, this paper establishes that political participation in the German city, Essen, is more institutionalized than in the U.S. city, Newark, NJ, where demonstrations and rallies play a more significant role. Looking at these findings, this paper explains the differences with a variation in the political opportunity structure between the two cities. Whereas in the conservative-corporatist welfare state, ideas of collective bar-gaining and the conferral of social rights to migrants leads to government-created bodies for migrant participation, in the U.S. city, these bodies do not exist and, therefore, migrants use different means of political participation. Through the conferral of social rights on migrants as well, in Germany, the cleavage between migrants and majority society has been pacified. In the U.S. city, where this is not the case, demonstrations and rallies are more common.
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The understanding of poverty dynamics is crucial for the design of appropriate poverty reduction strategies. Taking the case of Central Sulawesi, we investigate the determinants of both chronic and transitory poverty using data from 264 randomly selected households interviewed in 2005 and 2007. Regarding the US 1$/day poverty line, the headcount index declined from 19.3% in 2005 to 18.2% in 2007. However, we observed an increasing number of people living on less than US 2$/day expressed in purchasing power parity (PPP). The results of the estimated multinomial logit model applied in this study indicate that a lack of non-agricultural employment opportunities and low endowment of social capital are major determinants of chronic as well as transitory poverty in this province of Indonesia. These results are used to draw policy conclusions with respect to the alleviation of transitory and chronic poverty in Central Sulawesi.
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The non-university sector has been part of the Colombian higher education system for more than 50-years. Despite its long years of existence, it has never occupied such an important role within the education system as the one it is having today. Therefore, the aim of this work is to analyze the development of the non-university sector in the framework of the country’s social, educational and economic demands. Likewise, its actual situation and certain aspects of the relationship between its graduates and the world of work, i.e., graduates’ employment characteristics, the relationship of higher education studies and their work, as well as their early career success, are examined. In order to generate the required information, a graduate survey was carried out in Atlántico (Colombia). The target population was graduates from higher education institutions registered in Atlántico who were awarded a technical, technological or professional degree in 2008 from any of the following knowledge areas: Fine Arts, Health Science, Economy-Administration-Accountancy and similar, and Engineering-Architecture-Urban planning and similar. Besides, interviews with academic and administrative staff from non-university institutions were carried out, and higher education related documents were analyzed. As a whole, the findings suggest that the non-university sector is expanding and may help to achieve some of the goals, for which it is widely promoted i.e., access expansion for under-represented groups, enhancement of the higher education system, and the provision of programs pertinent to the needs of the market. Nevertheless, some aspects require further consideration, e.g., the sector’s consolidation within the system and its quality. As for the relationship between non-university higher education and the world of work, it was found to be close; particularly in those aspects related to the use of knowledge and skills in the work, and the relationship between graduates’ studies and their work. Additionally, the analysis of the graduates’ in their early career stages exposes the significant role that the socioeconomic stratum plays in their working life, particularly in their wages. This indicates that apart from education, other factors like the graduates’ economic or social capital may have an impact on their future work perspectives
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This study uses data from a sample survey of 200 households drawn from a mountainous commune in Vietnam’s North Central Coast region to measure and explain relative poverty. Principal components analysis is used to construct a multidimensional index of poverty outcomes from variables measuring household income and the value of domestic assets. This index of poverty is then regressed on likely causes of poverty including different forms of resource endowment and social exclusion defined by gender and ethnicity. The ordinary least squares estimates indicate that poverty is indeed influenced by ethnicity, partly through its interaction with social capital. However, poverty is most strongly affected by differences in human and social capital. Differences in the amount of livestock and high quality farmland owned also matter. Thai households are poorer than their Kinh counterparts even when endowed with the same levels of human, social, physical and natural capital considered in the study. This empirical result provides a rationale for further research on the causal relationship between ethnicity and poverty outcomes.
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Provision of credit has being identified as an important instrument for improving the welfare of smallholder farmers directly and for enhancing productive capacity through financing investment by the farmers in their human and physical capital. This study investigated the individual and household characteristics that influence credit market access in Amathole District Municipality, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, using a cross sectional data from smallholder farmers’ household survey. The aim is to provide a better understanding of the households’ level socio-economic characteristics, not only because they influence household’s demand for credit but also due to the fact that potential lenders are most likely to base their assessment of borrowers’ creditworthiness on such characteristics. The results of the logistic regression suggest that credit market access was significantly influenced by variables such as gender, education, households’ income, value of assets, savings, dependency ratio, repayment capacity and social capital. Implications for rural credit delivery are discussed.
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Esta guía complementa a otra anterior coeditada y presentada por el Vicepresidente de Trabajo y Política Social de la Región de Murcia
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Ponencias y talleres presentados por el personal del Servicio Regional de Empleo y Formaci??n. Sus contenidos se distribuyen en ocho cap??tulos en los que se ofrecen las presentaciones expuestas ante el foro y sus anotaciones t??cnicas, dando a conocer los objetivos, la normativa y las actividades que el SEF lleva a cabo en la Regi??n de Murcia.
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El presente documento explora las estrategias y características de dos unidades de trabajo vinculadas a uno de los fenómenos comerciales informales más importantes en Bogotá y que es conocido popularmente como El Madrugón, mercado en el que se venden principalmente artículos de la confección. Se trató de ilustrar en detalle y relacionalmente mediante la teoría del sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu, las diversas situaciones a nivel comercial y productivo que estructuran la permanencia en un territorio altamente competitivo y que se caracteriza por sus ventas mayoristas. Asimismo, la investigación trata de entender las lógicas comerciales de un fenómeno urbano cuyo origen está fuertemente configurado por una política pública en relación a la recuperación de un espacio público en el sector de San Victorino (Bogotá), pero también por una estructura de mercado muy particular. El objetivo principal del presente trabajo fue el de comprender cómo este territorio se construye a partir de prácticas informales que en algunos casos tienen elementos Modernos.
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Resumen tomado de la publicación
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Se trata de una traducción al catalán de la ponencia presentada por el autor al Congreso de Pedagogía Comparada que se celebró en Londres en 1977 con el título Revendications régionals et unification nationale: à propos de quelques études et cas européens
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Realizar un estudio crítico para cuestionar la visión del proceso de 'proletarización' como un proceso que tiene una especial implicación en la adscripción de clase del profesorado. Los autores que defienden esta corriente, M.W. Apple, M. Lawn, J. Ozga, C. Buswell y otros, tienden a forzar analogías entre la educación y la producción, pero no siempre pueden abarcar en toda su complejidad el fenómeno educativo y la propia situación de los enseñantes. Es un trabajo teórico estructurado en dos partes: la primera abarca el capítulo I, donde se hace una exposición de la tesis de los autores citados, distinguiendo un primer apartado dedicado a los análisis del trabajo educativo y su racionalización, y un segundo en el cual se ha tratado la relación que se establece entre proletarización y adscripción de clase, donde se exponen las críticas a los análisis de estos autores. 1. Los distintos autores estudiados coinciden en considerar el trabajo educativo como un trabajo racionalizado que alude a una lógica racionalizadora del capital pues no sólo se ha gestado en la producción del material, sino que se ha extendido a otras áreas implicadas en la realización del capital, los servicios y los apartados del Estado. Esta lógica racionalizadora se caracteriza por su naturaleza política: distribución entre el saber y el poder, empleados y patronos. Esta racionalización tiene un efecto proletarizador entre los enseñantes, aunque estos autores difieren en el grado de aproximación que existe entre los enseñantes y el proletario. 2. Pensamos que el trabajo educativo presenta diferencias esenciales respecto del trabajo que realizan los obreros en la producción. Estas diferencias se ponen de manifiesto tanto en el campo de las relaciones de explotación como de las de dominación político-ideológica. Estas diferencias actúan como condicionantes en el proceso racionalizador introducido en las escuelas. Tampoco son equivalentes las condiciones de trabajo de los enseñantes y las de la clase obrera. Al constatar diferencias sustanciales entre el trabajo docente y el trabajo en la producción, se ha podido concluir que es erróneo interpretar la proletarización de los enseñantes como un proceso que convierte a estos agentes en miembros de la clase obrera. La relacion entre proletarización y adscripción de clase no parece tan obvia como en un principio se pretendía. El proceso racionalizador es, por tanto, tanto para los autores estudiados como para nosotros, un proceso intrínsecamente contradictorio que es posible subvertir y utilizar para, a su vez, forzar contradicciones en el seno del aparato educativo. Los análisis de racionalización ofrecen un camino que es preciso explotar para lograr una transformación de la escuela y sociedad.