Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in obesity

Significance: Current lifestyles with high-energy diets and little exercise are triggering an alarming growth in obesity. Excess of adiposity is leading to severe increases in associated pathologies, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer, arthritis, asthma, and hypertension. This, together with the lack of efficient obesity drugs, is the driving force behind much research. Recent Advances: Traditional anti-obesity strategies focused on reducing food intake and increasing physical activity. However, recent results suggest that enhancing cellular energy expenditure may be an attractive alternative therapy. Critical Issues: This review evaluates recent discoveries regarding mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and its potential as a therapy for obesity. We focus on the still controversial beneficial effects of increased FAO in liver and muscle, recent studies on how to potentiate adipose tissue energy expenditure, and the different hypotheses involving FAO and the reactive oxygen species production in the hypothalamic control of food intake. Future Directions: The present review aims to provide an overview of novel anti-obesity strategies that target mitochondrial FAO and that will definitively be of high interest in the future research to fight against obesity-related disorders.

Combined effects of endurance training and dietary unsaturated fatty acids on physical performance, fat oxidation and insulin sensitivity.

Endurance training improves exercise performance and insulin sensitivity, and these effects may be in part mediated by an enhanced fat oxidation. Since n-3 and n-9 unsaturated fatty acids may also increase fat oxidation, we hypothesised that a diet enriched in these fatty acids may enhance the effects of endurance training on exercise performance, insulin sensitivity and fat oxidation. To assess this hypothesis, sixteen normal-weight sedentary male subjects were randomly assigned to an isoenergetic diet enriched with fish and olive oils (unsaturated fatty acid group (UFA): 52 % carbohydrates, 34 % fat (12 % SFA, 12 % MUFA, 5 % PUFA), 14 % protein), or a control diet (control group (CON): 62 % carbohydrates, 24 % fat (12 % SFA, 6 % MUFA, 2 % PUFA), 14 % protein) and underwent a 10 d gradual endurance training protocol. Exercise performance was evaluated by measuring VO2max and the time to exhaustion during a cycling exercise at 80 % VO2max; glucose homeostasis was assessed after ingestion of a test meal. Fat oxidation was assessed by indirect calorimetry at rest and during an exercise at 50 % VO2max. Training significantly increased time to exhaustion, but not VO2max, and lowered incremental insulin area under the curve after the test meal, indicating improved insulin sensitivity. Those effects were, however, of similar magnitude in UFA and CON. Fat oxidation tended to increase in UFA, but not in CON. This difference was, however, not significant. It is concluded that a diet enriched with fish- and olive oil does not substantially enhance the effects of a short-term endurance training protocol in healthy young subjects.

[Défilé du 14 juillet 1919 sous l'Arc de triomphe de l'Etoile] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54922

[Défilé du 14 juillet 1919 sous l'Arc de triomphe de l'Etoile] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54923

[Défilé du 14 juillet 1919 sous l'Arc de triomphe de l'Etoile, tanks] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54925

[Défilé du 14 juillet 1919, les tanks passent sous l'Arc de triomphe de l'Etoile] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54945

[Défilé du 14 juillet 1919, soldats américains passant sous l'Arc de triomphe de l'Etoile] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54951

[Défilé du 14 juillet 1919 passant sous l'Arc de triomphe de l'Etoile] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54952

[Défilé du 14 juillet 1919 passant sous l'Arc de triomphe de l'Etoile, armée française] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54953

[Défilé du 14 juillet 1919 passant sous l'Arc de triomphe de l'Etoile, véhicules blindés] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54954

[Défilé du 14 juillet 1919 passant sous l'Arc de triomphe de l'Etoile, armée française] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54956

[Défilé du 14 juillet 1919 passant sous l'Arc de triomphe de l'Etoile, un maréchal à cheval et l'armée française] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54957