Chemical weathering rate, denudation rate, and atmospheric and soil CO2 consumption of Parana flood basalts in Sao Paulo State, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

CO2 and N2O emissions in a soil chronosequence at a glacier retreat zone in Maritime Antarctica

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Field-scale spatial correlation between contents of iron oxides and CO2 emission in an Oxisol cultivated with sugarcane

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The Ca2+-activated K+ channels play a braking role in locus coeruleus neurons during CO2 exposure

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Balanço de energia de fluxo de CO2: cerrado da floresta estadual de Assis

Based on climatological data and energy flow, this paper analyzes the behavior observed in microclimatic an important remnant of cerrado in the São Paulo State. The seasonal climate is well marked, in the study area, with two climatic periods (one dry and one wet). The vegetation presents physiology as a function of water availability and the local thermal conditions and can be seen marked changes in the landscape due to the more or less presence of solar radiation. It’s important to understand the ecosystems behave in the context of global change. It has gained the attention of many researchers in the world.

Emissão de CO2 em um latossolo vermelho coberto com palha sob aplicação de efluente e lodo de esgoto

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Coffee growth, pest and yield responses to free-air CO2 enrichment

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Variabilidade espaço-temporal da emissão de CO2 do solo em curto período sob influência de eventos de precipitação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise termoeconômica e eficiência ecológica de uma termoelétrica com absorção química de CO2

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Emissão de CO2 do solo em áreas de restauração na Mata Atlântica

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

Cultivo de Eucalyptus urograndis em atmosfera enriquecida com CO2: mudanças no proteoma cloroplastidial

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Supercritical CO2 extraction of phenolic compounds from Baccharis dracunculifolia

Extracts from Baccharis dracunculifolia leaves were obtained using the following solvents: supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), ethanol and methanol. Supercritical extraction was carried out at temperatures of 40, 50 and 60 degrees C and pressures of 20, 30 and 40 MPa. Four phenolic compounds were analysed in the extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography: 3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (DHCA or artepillin C); 3-prenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (PHCA); 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (p-coumaric acid) and 4-methoxy-3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone (kaempferide). The global extraction yields (X-0) obtained by the conventional methods with ethanol and methanol were higher than those obtained by SC-CO2. However on analysing the components of interest extracted at 60 degrees C and 40 MPa, the extraction yields of kaempferide, DHCA and PHCA were 156%, 98% and 64% higher, respectively, than in the ethanolic extracts. Only the p-coumaric acid extraction yield was better when extracted using the conventional method. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Methodology of CO2 emission evaluation in the life cycle of office building facades

The construction industry is one of the greatest sources of pollution because of the high level of energy consumption during its life cycle. In addition to using energy while constructing a building, several systems also use power while the building is operating, especially the air-conditioning system. Energy consumption for this system is related, among other issues, to external air temperature and the required internal temperature of the building. The facades are elements which present the highest level of ambient heat transfer from the outside to the inside of tall buildings. Thus, the type of facade has an influence on energy consumption during the building life cycle and, consequently, contributes to buildings' CO2 emissions, because these emissions are directly connected to energy consumption. Therefore, the aim is to help develop a methodology for evaluating CO2 emissions generated during the life cycle of office building facades. The results, based on the parameters used in this study, show that facades using structural glazing and uncolored glass emit the most CO2 throughout their life cycle, followed by brick facades covered with compound aluminum panels or ACM (Aluminum Composite Material), facades using structural glazing and reflective glass and brick facades with plaster coating. On the other hand, the typology of facade that emits less CO2 is brickwork and mortar because its thermal barrier is better than structural glazing facade and materials used to produce this facade are better than brickwork and ACM. Finally, an uncertainty analysis was conducted to verify the accuracy of the results attained. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis cultivation in tubular photobioreactor: Use of no-cost CO2 from ethanol fermentation

The present study aimed at evaluating the production of Arthrospira platensis in tubular photobioreactor using CO2 from ethanol fermentation. The results of these cultivations were compared to those obtained using CO2 from cylinder at different protocols of simultaneous ammonium sulfate and sodium nitrate feeding. Maximum cell concentration (X-m), cell productivity (P-x), nitrogen-to-cell conversion factor (Y-X/N), and biomass composition (total lipids and proteins) were selected as responses and evaluated by analysis of variance. The source of CO2 did not exert any significant statistical influence on these responses, which means that the flue gas from ethanol fermentation could successfully be used as a carbon source as well as to control the medium pH, thus contributing to reduce the greenhouse effect. The results taken as a whole demonstrated that the best combination of responses mean values (X-m = 4.543 g L-1; P-x = 0.460 g L-1 d(-1); Y-X/N = 15.6 g g(-1); total lipids = 8.39%; total proteins = 18.7%) was obtained using as nitrogen source a mixture of 25% NaNO3 and 75% (NH4)(2)SO4, both expressed as nitrogen. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Oxytocin interference in the effects induced by inhalation of 7.5% CO2 in healthy volunteers

Objective The objective of this study was to assess the acute effect of intranasally administered oxytocin (OT) on subjective states, cardiovascular, and endocrine parameters in healthy volunteers who inhaled 7.5% CO2. Methods Forty-five subjects were allocated into three matched groups of subjects who received 24?international units (IU) of OT, 2?mg of lorazepam (LZP), or placebo (PL). The challenge consisted of medical air inhalation for 20?min, 10?min of rest, and CO2 7.5% inhalation for 20?min. Subjective effects were evaluated by self-assessment scales; heart rate, blood pressure, skin conductance, and salivary cortisol were also measured. Assessments were performed at four time points: (i) baseline (-15?min); (ii) post-air inhalation (90?min); (iii) post-CO2 inhalation (120?min), and (iv) post-test (160?min). Results CO2 inhalation significantly increased the anxiety score in the PL group compared with the post-air measurement but not in the OT or LZP groups. The LZP reduced anxiety after medical air inhalation. Other parameters evaluated were not affected by OT. Conclusion OT, as well as LZP, prevented CO2-induced anxiety, suggesting that this hormone has anxiolytic properties. Copyright (C) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.