Blogosphäre - Soziale Netzwerke als Trendsetter

Seit kurzem erweitert sich das Web zu einem neuen Lebensraum, in welchem sich Nutzer präsentieren, mit anderen treffen, Informationen und Know-how austauschen, gemeinsame Projekte verfolgen und kulturelle Barrieren überwinden können. Unser Beitrag gibt einen kurzen Überblick über soziale Netzwerke, wobei das Augenmerk vor allem auf Weblogs und Onlinegemeinschaften der Blogosphäre gelegt wird. Durch die in Weblogs gängige Funktion Kommentare mit Links zu eigenen Blogs zu hinterlassen, wird eine Gemeinschaftsbildung gefördert, wobei Onlinegemeinschaften, deren Themen sich beispielsweise um Gadgets, Digitalfotografie, Fashion, Gastronomie, Sport, Musik, usw. drehen, entstehen können. Anhand verschiedener Praxisbeispiele wird aufgezeigt wie in Bloggemeinschaften Trends gesetzt werden, welche später wiederum von Suchmaschinen an die breite Öffentlichkeit getragen werden. Abrundend präsentieren wir Handlungsempfehlungen für den Umgang mit sozialen Netzwerken der Blogosphäre.

Tailored instructional methods for students with diverse levels of computer knowledge and skills

The purpose of this online course is to ensure new nursing graduate students know how to use computer technologies required to complete academic and research activities. Powerful computers, high speed internet, digitalized resources and databases are widely available in educational institutes. New renovation and updates are being released at faster pace than ever. All these developments are necessary for a student to utilize computer programs and synthesize large amount of data in a limited time for any given academic research project. [See PDF for complete abstract]

A web-based non-intrusive ambient system to measure and classify activities of daily living.

BACKGROUND The number of older adults in the global population is increasing. This demographic shift leads to an increasing prevalence of age-associated disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia. With the progression of the disease, the risk for institutional care increases, which contrasts with the desire of most patients to stay in their home environment. Despite doctors' and caregivers' awareness of the patient's cognitive status, they are often uncertain about its consequences on activities of daily living (ADL). To provide effective care, they need to know how patients cope with ADL, in particular, the estimation of risks associated with the cognitive decline. The occurrence, performance, and duration of different ADL are important indicators of functional ability. The patient's ability to cope with these activities is traditionally assessed with questionnaires, which has disadvantages (eg, lack of reliability and sensitivity). Several groups have proposed sensor-based systems to recognize and quantify these activities in the patient's home. Combined with Web technology, these systems can inform caregivers about their patients in real-time (e.g., via smartphone). OBJECTIVE We hypothesize that a non-intrusive system, which does not use body-mounted sensors, video-based imaging, and microphone recordings would be better suited for use in dementia patients. Since it does not require patient's attention and compliance, such a system might be well accepted by patients. We present a passive, Web-based, non-intrusive, assistive technology system that recognizes and classifies ADL. METHODS The components of this novel assistive technology system were wireless sensors distributed in every room of the participant's home and a central computer unit (CCU). The environmental data were acquired for 20 days (per participant) and then stored and processed on the CCU. In consultation with medical experts, eight ADL were classified. RESULTS In this study, 10 healthy participants (6 women, 4 men; mean age 48.8 years; SD 20.0 years; age range 28-79 years) were included. For explorative purposes, one female Alzheimer patient (Montreal Cognitive Assessment score=23, Timed Up and Go=19.8 seconds, Trail Making Test A=84.3 seconds, Trail Making Test B=146 seconds) was measured in parallel with the healthy subjects. In total, 1317 ADL were performed by the participants, 1211 ADL were classified correctly, and 106 ADL were missed. This led to an overall sensitivity of 91.27% and a specificity of 92.52%. Each subject performed an average of 134.8 ADL (SD 75). CONCLUSIONS The non-intrusive wireless sensor system can acquire environmental data essential for the classification of activities of daily living. By analyzing retrieved data, it is possible to distinguish and assign data patterns to subjects' specific activities and to identify eight different activities in daily living. The Web-based technology allows the system to improve care and provides valuable information about the patient in real-time.

The relationship between competencies acquired through Swiss academic sports science courses and the job requirements

In view of the changes in and growing variety of sports-related occupations, it is highly relevant for educational institutions 10 to know how well the educational contents of their sport science courses meet the professional requirements. This study analyses the relationship between the competencies acquired through academic sports science courses and the requirements of the relevant jobs in Switzerland. The data for this empirical analysis were drawn from a sample of n = 1054 graduates of different academic sport science programmes at all eight Swiss universities. The results show that academic sport science courses primarily communicate sports-specific expertise and practical sports skills. On the other hand, most graduates consider that the acquisition of interdisciplinary competencies plays a comparatively minor role in sport science education, even though these competencies are felt to be an important requirement in a variety of work-related environments and challenges.

Baseline Survey Report: Case study of Uluguru and Usambara mountains (Bigwa, Tangeni, Peko Misegese, Mashewa and Misalai villages)

Agriculture is the back borne of the economy of Tanzania and its main objective is to ensure food security and eradication of rural poverty through the promotion of production systems, technologies and practices that are environmental sound (Tanzania National Environmental Policy, 1999). However, this has not been achieved due to rapid land degradation, which has consequently lead to massive soil loss, decline in crop yields, disruption of water resources and the destruction of the natural resources in general. This report highlights the extent to which agricultural related activities like agronomic and cultural practices such as use of fire for preparation of farms and cutting of trees to meet villagers’ needs have devastating effect on the quality of the environment. Besides these observed difficulties this paper argued that as the survival, well being and future of the Uluguru and Usambara people it is essential to provide continuous training to farmers, so that they know how best to continue farming and harvesting forest products on a sustainable basis without causing much harm to the environment. Most of all this paper recommends the introduction of Ngolo cultivation technology on steep slopes of Usambara and Uluguru mountains in order to enhance the conservation of the environment.

Prevention of ischemic complications during aneurysm surgery

Ischemic complications during aneurysm surgery are a frequent cause of postoperative infarctions and new neurological deficits. In this article, we discuss imaging and neurophysiological tools that may help the surgeon to detect intraoperative ischemia. The strength of intraoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is the full view of the arterial and venous vessel. DSA is the gold standard in complex and giant aneurysms, but due to certain disadvantages, it cannot be considered standard of care. Microvascular Doppler sonography is probably the fastest diagnostic tool and can quickly aid diagnosis of large vessel occlusions. Intraoperative indocyanine green videoangiography is the best tool to assess flow in perforating and larger arteries, as well as occlusion of the aneurysm sac. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring with somatosensory and motor evoked potentials indirectly measures blood flow by recording neuronal function. It covers all causes of intraoperative ischemia, provided that ischemia occurs in the brain areas under surveillance. However, every method has advantages and disadvantages. No single method is superior to the others in every aspect. Therefore, it is very important for the neurosurgeon to know the strengths and weaknesses of each tool in order to have them available, to know how to use them for each individual situation, and to be ready to apply them within the time window for reversible cerebral ischemia.

Regression with autocorrelated data: A study of time trend of global infant mortality rate

The infant mortality rate (IMR) is considered to be one of the most important indices of a country's well-being. Countries around the world and other health organizations like the World Health Organization are dedicating their resources, knowledge and energy to reduce the infant mortality rates. The well-known Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG 4), whose aim is to archive a two thirds reduction of the under-five mortality rate between 1990 and 2015, is an example of the commitment. ^ In this study our goal is to model the trends of IMR between the 1950s to 2010s for selected countries. We would like to know how the IMR is changing overtime and how it differs across countries. ^ IMR data collected over time forms a time series. The repeated observations of IMR time series are not statistically independent. So in modeling the trend of IMR, it is necessary to account for these correlations. We proposed to use the generalized least squares method in general linear models setting to deal with the variance-covariance structure in our model. In order to estimate the variance-covariance matrix, we referred to the time-series models, especially the autoregressive and moving average models. Furthermore, we will compared results from general linear model with correlation structure to that from ordinary least squares method without taking into account the correlation structure to check how significantly the estimates change.^

No lo hagas : análisis semiótico del afiche Identidad Corporativa de Ricardo Colombano

Análisis semiótico del afiche Identidad Corporativa de la serie No Logos o Multinacionales, del diseñador Ricardo Colombano, realizado en el año 2005 como integrante del Grupo Grapo. Estudio sintáctico, semántico y pragmático que permite conocer cómo el autor usa el lenguaje del Diseño Gráfico, con un fuerte mensaje de liberación e independencia, para convencer a sus lectores de lo contrario que venden las empresas multinacionales en sus anuncios publicitarios.

Economía social

El presente estudio de investigación, tiene como objetivo, conocer de qué manera las políticas sociales de economía social, implementadas por el Ministerio de desarrollo social de la provincia de Mendoza, influyen en su población objetivo, principalmente en las personas pertenecientes al programa de Desarrollo Comunitario. Se ha utilizado la metodología cualitativa, en la cual a través de entrevistas en profundidad realizadas en terreno, dan muestra de los resultados otorgados por las unidades de análisis participantes de dicha investigación. Los resultados obtenidos ayudarán para tener una visión más específica sobre estas políticas sociales implementadas en la provincia de Mendoza, entregando información importante para el mejoramiento en la ejecución e implementación de dichas políticas.

Las prácticas de lectura en el entorno digital : industria editorial, mercado y consumo

Si bien la industria editorial ha atravesado grandes trasformaciones con la incorporación de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en el ámbito de la producción, tanto editorial como autoral, el presente artículo atiende particularmente a las nuevas características que presentan las prácticas de lectura a partir de dicha inscripción. Se propone aquí un análisis de la cuestión de la lectura en estricta relación al nuevo escenario editorial marcado por un continuo replanteo del “quehacer editorial", del rol del editor y los diversos agentes del campo, de los soportes y formatos válidos para la lectura. La primera sección propone una sintética caracterización del funcionamiento de la industria editorial. El segundo apartado hace foco en las transformaciones puntuales del sector del libro en relación con la llegada de las tecnologías de la comunicación. La tercera parte presenta un breve repaso del estado de la cuestión vinculado a las prácticas de lectura en el entorno digital, y a continuación se desarrollan algunos rasgos y tendencias de la lectura en los soportes electrónicos en Argentina, Estados Unidos y España. El artículo concluye con una serie de reflexiones finales.

Cómo se muere en un servicio de medicina interna

Introducción: La muerte es un hecho biológico, con trascendencia social y cultural, que la hace particular. Conocer cómo se desarrolla es vital para entenderla y aceptarla. Objetivos: Determinar en pacientes fallecidos durante la internación las características de cómo se muere en un servicio de clínica médica: circunstancias, comorbilidad, causas de muerte, sensaciones de la familia y del equipo de salud.

Biotic and abiotic parameters and cynobacteria abundance during an experimental set-up with varying pCO2 conditions

Heterocystous cyanobacteria of the genus Nodularia form extensive blooms in the Baltic Sea and contribute substantially to the total annual primary production. Moreover, they dispense a large fraction of new nitrogen to the ecosystem when inorganic nitrogen concentration in summer is low. Thus, it is of ecological importance to know how Nodularia will react to future environmental changes, in particular to increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and what consequences there might arise for cycling of organic matter in the Baltic Sea. Here, we determined carbon (C) and dinitrogen (N2) fixation rates, growth, elemental stoichiometry of particulate organic matter and nitrogen turnover in batch cultures of the heterocystous cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena under low (median 315 µatm), mid (median 353 µatm), and high (median 548 µatm) CO2 concentrations. Our results demonstrate an overall stimulating effect of rising pCO2 on C and N2 fixation, as well as on cell growth. An increase in pCO2 during incubation days 0 to 9 resulted in an elevation in growth rate by 84 ± 38% (low vs. high pCO2) and 40 ± 25% (mid vs. high pCO2), as well as in N2 fixation by 93 ± 35% and 38 ± 1%, respectively. C uptake rates showed high standard deviations within treatments and in between sampling days. Nevertheless, C fixation in the high pCO2 treatment was elevated compared to the other two treatments by 97% (high vs. low) and 44% (high vs. mid) at day 0 and day 3, but this effect diminished afterwards. Additionally, elevation in carbon to nitrogen and nitrogen to phosphorus ratios of the particulate biomass formed (POC : POP and PON : POP) was observed at high pCO2. Our findings suggest that rising pCO2 stimulates the growth of heterocystous diazotrophic cyanobacteria, in a similar way as reported for the non-heterocystous diazotroph Trichodesmium. Implications for biogeochemical cycling and food web dynamics, as well as ecological and socio-economical aspects in the Baltic Sea are discussed.

Impacto gerado na vida das mulheres removidas das favelas

Interventions that seek to change the areas occupied by squatters have been one of the most common forms of Urban Management Policies, trying revolver one of the major problems of Brazilian metropolises, namely the precarious living conditions of a large part of the population in the city. A Pedreira Prado Lopes, a slum located in the northwestern region of Belo Horizonte, is one of twelve local benefit program by urbanization of slums Vila Viva, a program of structural intervention in Slums at the municipal level. These interventions, which are benefiting 9,000 residents have funds of R$37,4 millions the PAC (Growth Acceleration Program) and were guided by PGE - Specific Global Plan prepared by technicians URBEL (Urbanization Company of Belo Horizonte) in 1998. This project intervention was the creation of a set of housing for former slum housing. The objective of this research is to know how this intervention impacted the lives of residents after settling in condominiums, seeking to describe the changes on the horizon of women who are in most household heads residents of these buildings, as shown by studies of the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), 2011

Universidad y transición democrática : Reformas curriculares y reconfiguraciones en la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (1984-1987)

El artículo analiza una serie de reformas curriculares en la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo (FAU) de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) producidas durante la transición democrática. Así, se busca dar cuenta de los factores que intervienen en la mayor o menor expansión de diversas redes de académicos, técnicos y profesionales cuyos integrantes cuentan con trayectorias, saber hacer y posicionamientos políticos diferentes. El artículo se apoya en el análisis de fuentes primarias y secundarias así como en la realización de entrevistas a protagonistas de las diversas redes. Como conclusiones, se postula que la mayor o menor expansión de las redes en disputa no responde a aspectos intrínsecos a las mismas. Por el contrario, la expansión diferencial es producto de yuxtaposiciones entre aspectos académicos y políticos. Así, se vincula a las diferenciales conexiones políticas de las distintas redes y al modo en que sintonizan con aspectos centrales del contexto político.

¿Campesinos o asalariados rurales? Una caracterización social actual de las familias rurales del Departamento de Atamisqui, Santiago del Estero

Suele afirmarse que Santiago del Estero concentra un elevado número de campesinos. En este artículo presentamos una primera aproximación al tema con el propósito de comenzar a desmitificar dicha idea. Para ello, recurrimos a datos arrojados por el Formulario de Caracterización Familiar del PROINDER, año 2009 -ejecutado desde la Subsecretaría de Desarrollo Rural y Agricultura Familiar de Santiago del Estero- y entrevistas realizadas en parajes rurales del departamento de Atamisqui en abril del 2010. El Formulario utilizado nos permite, entre otras cosas, mensurar el peso que las distintas fuentes de ingreso tienen en el total del ingreso familiar. Esto, junto a los testimonios recogidos en las entrevistas, nos permite conocer de qué viven las familias analizadas. Se observa que el sustento más importante proviene del trabajo estacional asalariado desarrollado en distintas actividades rurales (aunque especialmente en el desflore de maíz y la cosecha de arándanos) y de transferencias diversas (jubilaciones, beneficios sociales, remesas). Estos datos nos estarían indicando, en este caso particular, que el sujeto habitualmente caracterizado como campesinado esconde, en realidad, a la clase obrera rural atamisqueña