The antimicrobial effect of new and conventional endodontic irrigants on intra-orally infected dentin

Objectives. To evaluate if the incorporation of antimicrobial compounds to chelating agents or the use of chelating agents with antimicrobial activity as 7% maleic acid and peracetic acid show similar disinfection ability in comparison to conventional irrigants as sodium hypochlorite or iodine potassium iodide against biofilms developed on dentin. Materials and methods. The total bio-volume of live cells, the ratio of live cells and the substratum coverage of dentin infected intra-orally and treated with the irrigant solutions: MTAD, Qmix, Smear Clear, 7% maleic acid, 2% iodine potassium iodide, 4% peracetic acid, 2.5% and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite was measured by using confocal microscopy and the live/dead technique. Five samples were used for each irrigant solution. Results. Several endodontic irrigants containing antimicrobials as clorhexidine (Qmix), cetrimide (Smear Clear), maleic acid, iodine compounds or antibiotics (MTAD) lacked an effective antibiofilm activity when the dentin was infected intra-orally. The irrigant solutions 4% peracetic acid and 2.5–5.25% sodium hypochlorite decrease significantly the number of live bacteria in biofilms, providing also cleaner dentin surfaces (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Several chelating agents containing antimicrobials could not remove nor kill significantly biofilms developed on intra-orally infected dentin, with the exception of sodium hypochlorite and 4% peracetic acid. Dissolution ability is mandatory for an appropriate eradication of biofilms attached to dentin.

Cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica na fase aguda do infarto: análise dos fatores preditores de mortalidade intra-hospitalar

OBJETIVO: A cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (CRM) na fase aguda do infarto do miocárdio (IAM) está associada a aumento do risco operatório. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar fatores preditores de mortalidade intra-hospitalar nos pacientes submetidos a CRM no IAM. MÉTODOS: Durante três anos, todos os pacientes submetidos a CRM no IAM foram analisados retrospectivamente, utilizando o banco de dados institucional. Sessenta variáveis por paciente foram avaliadas: 49 variáveis pré-operatórias provenientes dos escores 2000 Bernstein-Parsonnet e EuroSCORE; 4 variáveis pré-operatórias não consideradas por esses escores (tempo entre o IAM e a CRM, valor máximo de CKMB, valor máximo de troponina e supradesnivelamento do segmento ST) e 7 variáveis intraoperatórias [uso de circulação extracorpórea (CEC), tempo de CEC, tipo de cardioplegia, endarterectomia, número de enxertos, uso da artéria torácica interna e revascularização completa]. Análise univariada e multivariada para o desfecho mortalidade intra-hospitalar foram realizadas. RESULTADOS: O tempo médio entre o IAM e a CRM foi de 3,8 ± 3 dias. A mortalidade global foi 19%. Na análise multivariada: idade > 65 anos [OR 16,5 (IC 1,8-152), P=0,013]~ CEC >108 minutos [OR 40 (IC 2,7-578), P=0,007], creatinina > 2 mg/dl [OR 35,5 (IC 1,7-740), P=0,021] e pressão pulmonar sistólica > 60 mmHg [OR 31(IC 1,6-591), P=0,022] foram preditores de mortalidade intra-hospitalar. CONCLUSÃO: Variáveis pré-operatórias clássicas como idade > 65 anos, creatinina > 2 mg/dl e pressão pulmonar sistólica > 60 mmHg foram preditoras de mortalidade intra-hospitalar nos pacientes operados de revascularização miocárdica na fase aguda do infarto.

Correlação das imagens da ressonância magnética e observação intra operatória nas lesões traumáticas da coluna vertebral

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a acurácia e a reprodutibilidade das imagens da ressonância magnética (RM) nas lesões ligamentares traumáticas da coluna vertebral. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo para avaliação das imagens da RM de 32 pacientes com lesões traumáticas da coluna vertebral submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. A avaliação das lesões do complexo ligamentar posterior (CLP) por imagens da RM foi realizada independentemente por dois radiologistas. Um grupo de pacientes tinha exames com inclusão de sequência com supressão de gordura sensível ao líquido (STIR ou SPAIR T2), além das imagens de rotina e no outro grupo os exames de RM não incluíam imagens com a supressão da gordura. As avaliações dos exames de imagem foram comparadas com as observações obtidas durante o ato cirúrgico. Foi realizada a analise de reprodutibilidade intra e interobservador entre os dois radiologistas pelo cálculo do coeficiente Kappa. RESULTADOS: Foi observada lesão do CLP em 21/32 pacientes. De forma geral a sensibilidade da RM para lesões do CLP variou entre 88,9% a 100% e a especificidade entre 0 e 50%. A concordância entre a avaliação dos radiologistas foi maior nos exames de ressonância magnética sem a supressão da gordura (Κ=0,6) do que nos exames que incluíram sequências com supressão (Κ=0,34). CONCLUSÃO: A avaliação de lesões dos ligamentos posteriores por meio da RM pelos radiologistas resultou em boa sensibilidade em relação aos achados cirúrgicos, porém com baixa especificidade, reproduzindo resultados da literatura. Na casuística atual a utilização do sinal de edema presente nas sequências com supressão de gordura diminuiu a concordância interobservador.

Desfechos intra-hospitalares e preditores de mortalidade no infarto agudo do miocárdio com choque cardiogênico tratados por angioplastia primária: dados do registro InCor

INTRODUÇÃO: O choque cardiogênico é a maior causa de morte em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento de ST (IAMCSST). O presente estudo avaliou pacientes com IAMCSST e choque cardiogênico submetidos a intervenção coronária percutânea primária com o objetivo de estabelecer seu perfil e os preditores de mortalidade hospitalar. MÉTODOS: Registro unicêntrico, incluindo 100 pacientes avaliados no período de 2001 a 2009 quanto a características clínicas, angiográficas e do procedimento, e a desfechos intra-hospitalares. Por análise multivariada foram determinados preditores independentes da mortalidade hospitalar. RESULTADOS: Com relação às características clínicas, foi observada alta prevalência de fatores de risco, sendo a taxa de sucesso angiográfico de 92%, apesar da complexidade das lesões (83,1% do tipo B2/C). A artéria mais acometida foi a descendente anterior (45%), tendo o padrão multiarterial ocorrido em 73% dos casos. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 45%, sendo seus preditores independentes o padrão multiarterial [odds ratio (OR) 2,62; intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC 95%) 1,16-5,90] e o fluxo coronário TIMI < 3 ao final do procedimento (OR 2,11, IC 95% 1,48-3,02). CONCLUSÕES: Os pacientes com IAMCSST complicado por choque cardiogênico apresentaram características clínicas e angiográficas de alto risco e, apesar do alto sucesso angiográfico do procedimento, altas taxas de mortalidade. Foram preditores independentes de mortalidade o padrão multiarterial e fluxo TIMI < 3 ao final do procedimento.

Relaciones jerárquicas intra e interespecíficas entre Parablennius parvicornis y Mauligobius maderensis

Se estudia la relación de dominancia entre dos especies de peces (Parablennius parvicornis y Mauligobius maderensis) que conviven en los charcos del intermareal rocoso de las Islas Canarias. Ambas especies mostraron un patrón de jerarquía lineal basado en ataques. Se discute la jerarquía interespecífica y el cambió de rol al enfrentarse individuos de la misma especie e individuos de especies diferentes. Parablennius parvicornis mostró un comportamiento de cooperación intraespecífica y de codominancia frente a Mauligobius maderensis.It is studied the relationship of dominance between two fish species (Mauligobius maderensis and Parablennius parvicornis) which coexist in the same intertidal pools at the rocky shore of the Canary Islands. Both species showed a pattern of linear hierarchy based in attacks. It is discussed the intraspecific hierarchy and variations in the role of individuals when confronted against coespecifics or individuals of a different species. Parablennius parvicornis showed intraspecific cooperation and codominance against Mauligobius maderensis.

Effetto crowding e dislessia evolutiva: un confronto inter e intra-linguistico

Crowding is defined as the negative effect obtained by adding visual distractors around a central target which has to be identified. Some studies have suggested the presence of a marked crowding effect in developmental dyslexia (e.g. Atkinson, 1991; Spinelli et al., 2002). Inspired by Spinelli’s (2002) experimental design, we explored the hypothesis that the crowding effect may affect dyslexics’ response times (RTs) and accuracy in identification tasks dealing with words, pseudowords, illegal non-words and symbolstrings. Moreover, our study aimed to clarify the relationship between the crowding phenomenon and the word-reading process, in an inter-language comparison perspective. For this purpose we studied twenty-two French dyslexics and twenty-two Italian dyslexics (total forty-four dyslexics), compared to forty-four subjects matched for reading level (22 French and 22 Italians) and forty-four chronological age-matched subjects (22 French and 22 Italians). Children were all tested on reading and cognitive abilities. Results showed no differences between French and Italian participants suggesting that performances were homogenous. Dyslexic children were all significantly impaired in words and pseudowords reading compared to their normal reading controls. Regarding the identification task with which we assessed crowding effect, both accuracy and RTs showed a lexicality effect which meant that the recognition of words was more accurate and faster in words than pseudowords, non-words and symbolstrings. Moreover, compared to normal readers, dyslexics’ RTs and accuracy were impaired only for verbal materials but not for non-verbal material; these results are in line with the phonological hypothesis (Griffiths & Snowling, 2002; Snowling, 2000; 2006) . RTs revealed a general crowding effect (RTs in the crowding condition were slower than those recorded in the isolated condition) affecting all the subjects’ performances. This effect, however, emerged to be not specific for dyslexics. Data didn’t reveal a significant effect of language, allowing the generalization of the obtained results. We also analyzed the performance of two subgroups of dyslexics, categorized according to their reading abilities. The two subgroups produced different results regarding the crowding effect and type of material, suggesting that it is meaningful to take into account also the heterogeneity of the dyslexia disorder. Finally, we also analyzed the relationship of the identification task with both reading and cognitive abilities. In conclusion, this study points out the importance of comparing visual tasks performances of dyslexic participants with those of their reading level-matched controls. This approach may improve our comprehension of the potential causal link between crowding and reading (Goswami, 2003).

Geochronology, geochemistry and isotopic compositions of the volcanic rocks from oceanic (Hawaii) and continental (Eifel) intra-plate environments

The Eifel volcanism is part of the Central European Volcanic Province (CEVP) and is located in the Rhenish Massif, close to the Rhine and Leine Grabens. The Quaternary Eifel volcanism appears to be related to a mantle plume activity. However, the causes of the Tertiary Hocheifel volcanism remain debated. We present geochronological, geochemical and isotope data to assess the geotectonic settings of the Tertiary Eifel volcanism. Based on 40Ar/39Ar dating, we were able to identify two periods in the Hocheifel activity: from 43.6 to 39.0 Ma and from 37.5 to 35.0 Ma. We also show that the pre-rifting volcanism in the northernmost Upper Rhine Graben (59 to 47 Ma) closely precede the Hocheifel volcanic activity. In addition, the volcanism propagates from south to north within the older phase of the Hocheifel activity. At the time of Hocheifel volcanism, the tectonic activity in the Hocheifel was controlled by stress field conditions identical to those of the Upper Rhine Graben. Therefore, magma generation in the Hocheifel appears to be caused by decompression due to Middle to Late Eocene extension. Our geochemical data indicate that the Hocheifel magmas were produced by partial melting of a garnet peridotite at 75-90 km depth. We also show that crustal contamination is minor although the magmas erupted through a relatively thick continental lithosphere. Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions suggest that the source of the Hocheifel magmas is a mixing between depleted FOZO or HIMU-like material and enriched EM2-like material. The Tertiary Hocheifel and the Quaternary Eifel lavas appear to have a common enriched end-member. However, the other sources are likely to be distinct. In addition, the Hocheifel lavas share a depleted component with the other Tertiary CEVP lavas. Although the Tertiary Hocheifel and the Quaternary Eifel lavas appear to originate from different sources, the potential involvement of a FOZO-like component would indicate the contribution of deep mantle material. Thus, on the basis of the geochemical and isotope data, we cannot rule out the involvement of plume-type material in the Hocheifel magmas. The Ko’olau Scientific Drilling Project (KSDP) has been initiated in order to evaluate the long-term evolution of Ko’olau volcano and obtain information about the Hawaiian mantle plume. High precision Pb triple spike data, as well as Sr and Nd isotope data on KSDP lavas and Honolulu Volcanics (HVS) reveal compositional source variations during Ko’olau growth. Pb isotopic compositions indicate that, at least, three Pb end-members are present in Ko’olau lavas. Changes in the contributions of each component are recorded in the Pb, Sr and Nd isotopes stratigraphy. The radiogenic component is present, at variable proportion, in all three stages of Ko’olau growth. It shows affinities with the least radiogenic “Kea-lo8” lavas present in Mauna Kea. The first unradiogenic component was present in the main-shield stage of Ko’olau growth but its contribution decreased with time. It has EM1 type characteristics and corresponds to the “Ko’olau” component of Hawaiian mantle plume. The second unradiogenic end-member, so far only sampled by Honololu lavas, has isotopic characteristics similar to those of a depleted mantle. However, they are different from those of the recent Pacific lithosphere (EPR MORB) indicating that the HVS are not derived from MORB-related source. We suggest, instead, that the HVS result from melting of a plume material. Thus the evolution of a single Hawaiian volcano records the geochemical and isotopic changes within the Hawaiian plume.

Development and performance assessment of a Plasma Focus electron beam generator for Intra-Operative Radiation Therapy

The Plasma Focus is a device designed to generate a plasma sheet between two coaxial electrodes by means of a high voltage difference. The plasma is then driven to collapse into a “pinch”, where thermonuclear conditions prevail. During the “pinch phase” charged particles are emitted, with two main components: an ion beam peaked forward and an electron beam directed backward. The electron beam emitted backward by Plasma Focus devices is being investigated as a radiation source for medical applications, using it to produce x-rays by interaction with appropriate targets (through bremsstrahlung and characteristic emission). A dedicated Plasma Focus device, named PFMA-3 (Plasma Focus for Medical Applications number 3), has been designed, put in operation and tested by the research groups of the Universities of Bologna and Ferrara. The very high dose rate (several gray per discharge, in less than 1 µs) is a peculiarity of this device that has to be investigated, as it might modify the relative biological effectiveness (RBE). Aim of this Ph.D. project was to investigate the main physical properties of the low-energy x-ray beams produced by a Plasma Focus device and their potential medical applications to IORT treatments. It was necessary to develop the optimal geometrical configuration; to evaluate the x-rays produced and their dose deposited; to estimate the energy electron spectrum produced in the “pinch phase”; to study an optimal target for the conversion of the x-rays; to conduct simulations to study the physics involved; and in order to evaluate the radio-biological features of the beam, cell holders had to be developed for both irradiations and cell growth conditions.

Trattamento delle lesioni osteocondrali di grado I e II mediante infiltrazione intra-articolare di fattori di crescita autologhi (plasma rich in platelets)

The use of Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a platelet concentrate made of autogenous blood, is becoming use in the treatment of some orthopaedic diseases. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of PRP on articular cartilage defects in a rabbit model (10 subjects). Twenty osteochondral defects created in the femoropatellar groove, were in ten cases left untreated and in ten cases treated with autogenous PRP. PRP was obtained using a double centrifugation of the rabbit’s blood harvested before the operation. 30 days after the lesion was made in both knee, the left one in each rabbit was treated by a PRP injection, followed by other two injection at 45 and 60 days. Tissue specimens were assessed by macroscopic examination and histological evaluation, that showed a better healing of the lesions in the knee treated with PRP injections.

Studio dei semiochimici coinvolti nelle interazioni intra- e inter-specifiche in Gonocerus acuteangulatus (Goeze) (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in vista di un loro impiego nella difesa del nocciolo.

Gonocerus acuteangulatus (Hemiptera: Coreidae) è considerato uno dei principali fitofagi del nocciolo, in grado di causare con l’attività trofica pesanti perdite quali-quantitative di produzione. Nel triennio sono state quindi condotte indagini sulla bioetologia di G. acuteangulatus volte a: I) studiare comportamento alimentare ed effetti sulla produzione corilicola, II) identificare i feromoni e valutarne l’attività mediante biosaggi fisiologici e comportamentali in laboratorio, semi-campo e campo, III) rilevare le piante ospiti alternative al nocciolo. Mediante isolamento di adulti del coreide su rami di nocciolo con frutti è stata confermata l’assenza di correlazione fra entità del danno e numerosità degli individui presenti in corileto. Dalle analisi sensoriali su nocciole sane e danneggiate è emerso che le alterazioni causate delle punture di nutrizione sono rese più evidenti da conservazione e tostatura. Variazioni di tempi e temperature di tostatura potrebbero mitigare gli effetti del cimiciato. Nello studio dei feromoni, G. acuteangulatus, molto mobile nell’ambiente, è risultato poco adatto ai biosaggi in condizioni artificiali, come quelle in olfattometro e semi-campo. Le femmine sono tuttavia apparse attrattive per adulti di entrambi i sessi, mentre la miscela feromonale sintetizzata ha mostrato un’azione attrattiva, seppure non costante. Pertanto, ulteriori ripetizioni sono necessarie per convalidare questi risultati preliminari, modificando le condizioni di saggio in relazione alle caratteristiche della specie. Infine è stata accertata la preferenza del fitofago per alcune specie vegetali rispetto al nocciolo. Nel corso del triennio, popolazioni molto consistenti di G. acuteangulatus sono state rilevate su bosso, ciliegio di Santa Lucia, rosa selvatica, sanguinello, spino cervino, in corrispondenza del periodo di comparsa e maturazione dei frutti. Nell’impostazione di una strategia di difesa a basso impatto ambientale, l’attrattività di queste piante, in sinergia con eventuali feromoni di aggregazione, potrebbe essere utilmente sfruttata, per mantenere il coreide lontano dalla coltura.

Migrazione verso una architettura rest di un applicativo per l'inter library loan

Questo lavoro di tesi �si basa sull'estendere l'architettura del software NILDE - Network Inter Library Document Exchange attraverso un processo di migrazione verso servizi REST (REpresentational State Transfer) utilizzando e ampliando metodologie, best practice e frameworks che hanno permesso lo sviluppo di API Pubbliche e Private utilizzabili da utenti esterni.