Use of emerging technologies to assess differences in outdoor physical activity in St. Louis, Missouri.

Introduction: Abundant evidence shows that regular physical activity (PA) is an effective strategy for preventing obesity in people of diverse socioeconomic status (SES) and racial groups. The proportion of PA performed in parks and how this differs by proximate neighborhood SES has not been thoroughly investigated. The present project analyzes online public web data feeds to assess differences in outdoor PA by neighborhood SES in St. Louis, MO, USA.
Methods: First, running and walking routes submitted by users of the website MapMyRun.com were downloaded. The website enables participants to plan, map, record, and share their exercise routes and outdoor activities like runs, walks, and hikes in an online database. Next, the routes were visually illustrated using geographic information systems. Thereafter, using park data and 2010 Missouri census poverty data, the odds of running and walking routes traversing a low-SES neighborhood, and traversing a park in a low-SES neighborhood were examined in comparison to the odds of routes traversing higher-SES neighborhoods and higher-SES parks.
Results: Results show that a majority of running and walking routes occur in or at least traverse through a park. However, this finding does not hold when comparing low-SES neighborhoods to higher-SES neighborhoods in St. Louis. The odds of running in a park in a low-SES neighborhood were 54% lower than running in a park in a higher-SES neighborhood (OR = 0.46, CI = 0.17-1.23). The odds of walking in a park in a low-SES neighborhood were 17% lower than walking in a park in a higher-SES neighborhood (OR = 0.83, CI = 0.26-2.61).
Conclusion: The novel methods of this study include the use of inexpensive, unobtrusive, and publicly available web data feeds to examine PA in parks and differences by neighborhood SES. Emerging technologies like MapMyRun.com present significant advantages to enhance tracking of user-defined PA across large geographic and temporal settings.

The supporting role of emerging multimedia technologies in higher education

In this paper we give an overview of current investigations into the incorporation of cutting edge technologies within the Higher Education teaching domain. In particular, the role of audio is discussed through a number of case studies. The paper then concludes with a discussion of the authors' plans to incorporate audio and video content as supplementary course material for a technical undergraduate module

Emerging Technologies

This book, written when Walker was Visiting Professor at the Technical University Munich in 2011, describes his research on the effects of digital technology on architectural design and construction, and on the development of ‘digital craft’. The primary example given is The Swarm, a digitally designed and manufactured pavilion, produced with students while Walker was at TU Munich. It now stands outside the Bayerischen Architektenkammer (Bavarian Chamber of Architects) in Munich. Through such research-by-design, Walker asks larger questions: what can designers craft without a master craftsman’s skills, and how can craft skills be recovered through digital fabrication? Another example in the book is the Swoosh Pavilion, one of two public-space-scale architectural pavilion prototypes Walker developed between 2008 and 2009 at the Architectural Association (AA), using applied digital modelling and CNC techniques to investigate methods of teaching and testing digital processes through making. Swoosh (2008) and a second AA pavilion, Driftwood (2009), were discussed by Walker and Martin Self, his co-investigator, in ‘Fractal, bad hair, Swoosh and Driftwood pavilions of Intermediate Unit 2, 2006–2009’, published in the AD reader, Manufacturing the Bespoke (2012), which includes essays by well-known critics and designers such as Mathias Kohler and Michael Stacey. Both AA pavilions were sponsored by FinnForest Merk, Arup, HOK and Building Design Magazine, and were seen by large international audiences in Bedford Square, London during the 2008–9 ‘AA Projects Review’ shows. The book Making Pavilions (Walker and Self, AA Agenda No. 9, Architectural Association Press, 2011) also discusses their work over seven years of teaching at the Architectural Association. At the same time, Walker collaborated on a series of Serpentine pavilions, commissioned annually by the Serpentine Gallery, London, co-designing these experimental structures with internationally renowned architects Daniel Libeskind, Oscar Niemeyer, Toyo Ito and Alvaro Siza.

Digital Technologies and the Museum Experience

This co-edited book focuses on core theories and research on technologies, from the first audio guides to contemporary and future mobile digital devices, which inform practical design considerations. It is framed in case studies and focuses generally on informal learning by museum and gallery visitors. The book fills a significant gap in the literature on museum practice with regard to uses of digital technologies, which are not generally grounded in rigorous research, and is intended to retain its relevance as technologies evolve and emerge. The book includes chapters by invited authors from the USA, UK and Europe who contribute expertise in a number of areas of museum research and practice. The research resulted in invited keynote speeches in France (‘Technologie de l’apprentissage humain dans les musées’ seminar at Laboratoire d’Informatique de Grenoble on 5 March 2009), Iceland (keynote at ‘NODEM Network of Design and Digital Heritage’ conference on 3 December 2008) and London (Keynote at ‘Mobile Learning Conference’ on 26 January 2009). The book was given the highest recommendation ('Essential') by the American Library Association, and was reviewed in MedieKultur (2011, 50, 185–92). Walker’s chapter includes some of the initial findings from his PhD research on visitor-constructed trails in museums, which shifts focus from the design of technologies to the design of activities intended to structure the use of technologies, and constitutes some of the first published research on visitor-generated trails using mobile technologies. Structures such as trails are shown to act as effective mental models for museum visitors, especially structures with a narrow subject focus and manageable amount of data capture; those created as a narrative or a conversation; and those that emphasise construction, rather than data capture. Walker also selected most of the other chapter authors, suggested their topics and led the editing of the publication.

Hatchery technologies and nutritional contents of cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) spawners, eggs, hatchlings and live prey associated

Tese dout., Aquacultura, Universidade do Algarve, 2007

Étude des compétences informatiques et des attitudes du corps professoral face à l'utilisation des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) à l'Institut de Technologie du Cambodge (ITC)

L'utilisation des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication (NTIC) fait l'objet de discussions dans le domaine de l'éducation. La présente recherche a pour objectif principal d'identifier le profil des compétences informatiques et des attitudes du corps professoral d'une haute école de formation technologique du Cambodge au regard de l'utilisation des environnements informatiques dans sa pratique d'enseignement. Cette étude descriptive exploratoire aura comme principale retombée de contribuer au développement de l'intégration des NTIC en pédagogie universitaire au Cambodge. Nous tenterons éventuellement de mettre en lumière les besoins que cette intégration suscite. L'élaboration d'une stratégie de systématisation de l'implantation des NTIC en pédagogie universitaire pourrait être traitée dans une future étude. Le recueil de données a été réalisé à l'aide d'un questionnaire d'enquête ainsi que d'une série d'entrevues réalisées auprès du personnel enseignant de l'Institut de Technologie du Cambodge durant la session d'hiver 2001.

État des conditions qui favorisent l'intégration des technologies de l'information et de la communication en adaptation scolaire au primaire et au secondaire selon les perceptions des enseignantes et des enseignants du Québec

Les recherches menées en éducation permettent de constater que les technologies de l'information et de la communication ont des effets positifs sur plusieurs dimensions de l'élève. Pourtant, dans ce domaine, l'implantation de la micro-informatique s'effectue lentement. Le projet de recherche trace le portrait des conditions qui favorisent l'intégration des TIC en adaptation scolaire et démontre dans quelle mesure elles sont présentes selon les perceptions des enseignants au Québec. Les sujets sont des enseignants en adaptation scolaire à la commission scolaire de Montréal (CSDM). Le questionnaire et l'entrevue semi-structurée ont été utilisés pour la collecte de données. Les résultats de l'enquête sont présentés à partir d'une analyse quantitative et qualitative. Ils démontrent que des efforts ont été déployés pour fournir aux écoles des ressources matérielles et pour développer des attitudes et perceptions positives chez les enseignants. Cependant, les enseignants réclament davantage de formation ainsi qu'un soutien technique et pédagogique continu.

Discours d'enseignants de sciences et technologies et de mathématiques du secondaire sur leur compréhension et leurs pratiques de l'interdisciplinarité

Le développement de curriculums moins cloisonnés a fait l'objet des récentes réformes scolaires de plusieurs systèmes éducatifs à travers le monde. Au Québec plus particulièrement, l'interdisciplinarité constitue l'une des principales orientations du Programme de formation de l'école québécoise (Gouvernement du Québec, 2001, 2004, 2007). Si au Québec la question de l'interdisciplinarité abordée sous l'angle des représentations des enseignants a fait l'objet de nombreuses explorations au primaire (Larose, Hasni et Lebrun, 2008; Larose et Lenoir, 1995; Lenoir, Geoffroy et Hasni, 2001; Lenoir, Larose, Grenon et Hasni, 2000; Lenoir, Larose et Laforest, 2001), elle a été très peu explorée au secondaire, plus particulièrement dans le domaine des sciences, technologies et mathématiques. Ce mémoire répond à la question : Quelle compréhension de l'interdisciplinarité se dégage du discours d'enseignants de STM du secondaire et à quelles pratiques de l'interdisciplinarité disent-ils recourir?Le cadre conceptuel a été construit autour du concept de l'interdisciplinarité scolaire (Lenoir et Sauvé, 1998), qu'il a été possible de discuter autour de quatre dimensions permettant de mieux en décrire les pratiques ciblant les dimensions conceptuelle, des finalités, opérationnelle et organisationnelle (Hasni, Lenoir, Larose, Samson, Bousadra et Satiro dos Santos, 2008). Nous avons recouru à une analyse de contenu (Bardin, 2007) afin de dégager le discours des enseignants à l'égard de celles-ci.

Présence et impacts des nouvelles technologies sur les phénomènes migratoires : le cas des nouveaux immigrants argentins à Sherbrooke

À travers la littérature théorique sur le sujet, nous avons pu remarquer que pendant les dernières années, le processus migratoire a subi des changements : le nombre de migrations internationales a augmenté et les flux migratoires ont privilegié des directions nouvelles. En même temps, grâce au développement accélére des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) et à la baisse de leurs coûts, les caractéristiques de la migration ont été modifiées : les pratiques de communication transnationales sont devenues facilement accessibles et plus fréquentes. Les TIC ont mis au service des migrants de nouveaux circuits pour communiquer et ont introduit des changements dans la façon de le faire. Le discours transmis au moyen des TIC n'est pas limité au récit d'événements : il est composé par des expressions d'émotions, d'états d'âme récents, des sensations, qui permettent de rapprocher les territoires, et même de les unifier, donnant l'image d'une présence connectée. Ce lointain devenu accessible par les TIC crée un espace social de présences simultanées, ou plutôt de coprésences, défini par une forte interaction qui a remplacé aujourd'hui le sentiment ancien de double absence (n'être plus là et pas encore ici). L'ancienne image du migrant déraciné s'est vue remplacée par celle d'un migrant qui circule en gardant le contact avec son pays d'origine. Ce nouveau modèle, celui du migrant connecté, est caracterisé par l'hypermobilité et la multiappartenance qui l'installent dans une mobilité perçue, de nos jours, comme positive. L'usage répandu des nouvelles technologies a permis l'expression d'une culture du lien (jusqu'ici existante à l'état latent et peu développée), axée sur la création de réseaux. Les réseaux pourraient occuper une importance majeure dans le processus d'intégration à un nouveau territoire, dans la participation à la vie associative ainsi que dans la conservation de la mémoire identitaire. Notre cadre théorique est constitué par la littérature sur le sujet et nous allons nous appuyer sur une recherche de terrain pour constater à quel degré un groupe précis, celui des immigrants argentins à Sherbrooke, se sert des TIC dans son vécu migratoire et de quelle manière cet usage peut avoir une influence sur son intégration au pays d'accueil.

Methodological aspects of a mathematical programming model to evaluate soil tillage technologies in a risky environment

In this work we develop a methodology for the economic evaluation of soil tillage technologies, in a risky environment, and to capture the influence of farmer behaviour on his technology choice. The model has short-term activities, that change with the type of year, and long-term activities, in which sets of traction investment activities are included. Although these activities do not change with the type of year, they lead to different availability of resources for each type of year, since the same tractor has different available fieldwork days under different weather conditions. We prove that the model is sensitive to the greater income variability resulting from the use of alternative technologies and to the balance between income and risk, accounting for the probability of occurrence of each state of nature and giving an investment solution that considers the best production plan for each type of year. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Development of new technologies for the selective removal of volatile compounds with applications in forensic science and natural aromas

Tese de doutoramento, Farmácia (Química Farmacêutica e Terapêutica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2015

Hybrid authentication systems: towards robust user authentication on wireless and mobile devices using biometric technologies

Adequate user authentication is a persistent problem, particularly with mobile devices, which tend to be highly personal and at the fringes of an organisation's influence. Yet these devices are being used increasingly in various business settings, where they pose a risk to security and privacy, not only from sensitive information they may contain, but also from the means they typically offer to access such information over wireless networks. User authentication is the first line of defence for a mobile device that falls into the hands of an unauthorised user. However, motivating users to enable simple password mechanisms and periodically update their authentication information is difficult at best. This paper examines some of the issues relating to the use of biometrics as a viable method of authentication on mobile wireless devices. It is also a critical analysis of some of the techniques currently employed and where appropriate, suggests novel hybrid ways in which they could be improved or modified. Both biometric technology and wireless setting based constraints that determine the feasibility and the performance of the authentication feature are specified. Some well known biometric technologies are briefly reviewed and their feasibility for wireless and mobile use is reviewed. Furthermore, a number of quantitative and qualitative parameters for evaluation are also presented. Biometric technologies are continuously advancing toward commercial implementation in wireless devices. When carefully designed and implemented, the advantage of biometric authentication arises mainly from increased convenience and coexistent improved security.

Laccase bio-grafting a versatile modification tool from green chemistry technologies

Today more than 99% of plastics are petroleum-based because of availability and cost of the raw material. The durability of these disposed plastics contributes to the environmental problems as waste and their persistence in the environment causes deleterious effects on the ecosystem. Environmental pollution awareness and the demand for green technology have drawn considerable attention of both academia and industry into biodegradable polymers. In this regard green chemistry technology has the potential to provide solution to this problematic issue. Laccase bio-grafting has recently been the focus of green chemistry technologies due to the growing environmental concerns, legal restrictions and increasing availability of scientific knowledge. In the last several years, research covering various applications of laccases has been increased rapidly particularly in the field of grafting. In principle, laccase-assisted graft co-polymerization may impart a variety of new functionalities to a polymer. The modified polymers through grafting have a bright future and their development is practically boundless. In present work, novel biodegradable graft copolymers combining the advantages of bacterial cellulose backbone and PHB side chains will be prepared by introducing enzymatic grafting technique. The present research will be a first step in the biopolymer modification. To date no report has been found in literature explaining the enzymatic grafting of PHAs. The technique would also provide an efficient modulation approach to improve the biodegradability and biocompatibility of the graft copolymer. The newly grafted copolymers will exhibit unique functionalities with wider range of potential applications mainly in tissue engineering, biosensors, pharmaceutical industry (drug delivery systems) and bio-plastics.