Experimental investigation of stratified combustion: Application of laser diagnostic techniques

In order to better understand the stratified combustion, the propagation of flame through stratified mixture field in laminar and turbulent flow conditions has been studied by using combined PIV/PLIF techniques. A great emphasis was placed on developing methods to improve the accuracy of local measurements of flame propagation. In particular, a new PIV approach has been developed to measure the local fresh gas velocity near preheat zone of flame front. To improve the resolution of measurement, the shape of interrogation window has been continuously modified based on the local flame topology and gas expansion effect. Statistical analysis of conditioned local measurements by the local equivalence ratio of flames allows the characterization of the properties of flame propagation subjected to the mixture stratification in laminar and turbulent flows, especially the highlight of the memory effect.

滤食性鲢、鳙肠含物PCR-DGGE指纹分析

以采自武汉东湖的滤食性鲢、鳙为对象,通过PCR-DGGE并结合序列分析对其肠道微生物及肠含物中残留的食物组分进行了探索研究。在所有个体中都能检测到不同的PCR-DGGE指纹谱带,其中包括肠道细菌在内的原核谱带较多,真核谱带相对较少;分析结果表明针对鲢、鳙肠含物这一特殊生境样品进行PCR-DGGE指纹分析是可行的。PCR-DGGE指纹结构及针对部分特定PCR-DGGE谱带的序列分析显示,从武汉东湖采集的鲢、鳙在食性上存在很大的重叠,并没有像基于常规食性分析文献报道的那样明显不同。基于肠含物DNA来进行鱼类食

原生动物单细胞PCR应用初探——以天蓝喇叭虫为例

以天蓝喇叭虫(Stentor coeruleus)为研究对象,探索了单细胞单基因PCR扩增及单细胞全基因组PCR扩增技术在原生动物中的应用.经过不断探索和优化条件后,试验取得了理想的结果.在40例单细胞单基因(SSU rDNA基因全序列)PCR的一次性扩增中,新鲜细胞和经过中性红染色的细胞都获得了100%的成功率,室温下酒精(95%)保存一周的细胞获得了82.5%的成功率.在单细胞全基因组PCR扩增中,采用高效高保真的phi29DNA聚合酶结合随机引物(Random Primer)进行扩增,获得了丰富且质

利用RAPD-PCR探讨天蓝喇叭虫生物群系分化

选择天蓝喇叭虫(Stentor coeruleus)作为研究对象,对武汉市南湖、月湖、关桥3个水体共5个样点天蓝喇叭虫(S.coeruleus)样本的总DNA进行随机扩增多态DNA聚类分析,以检测各个样本的遗传相似性和趋异程度,借以评估样本间的遗传变异度。结果如下:(1)从98条随机引物中筛选12条引物共扩增出89条大小为100～1500bp的清晰条带,平均每条引物扩增出7.4条片段。(2)用Rapdistance1.04分析显示,不同样点样本之间存在着一定的变异,其遗传距离在0.076～0.416之间。

全细胞PCR扩增用于鱼腥藻种类鉴定

传统鉴定藻种的方法主要是通过形态学观察的方法加以判断。蓝藻在自然条件和人工培养过程中 ,其形态、代谢能力等都可能发生变化 ,同时该过程需要的时间长 ,难以区分种或种以下的分类、单位 ,亦难以在水华暴发早期阶段准确鉴定。本文利用rDNA通用引物扩增 ,表明在 5 0 μL的反应体系中加入 2 0个鱼腥藻细胞能扩增出目的条带 ;对已知的鱼腥藻PC基因的分析设计引物 ,在BSA浓度为 0 2 %— 1% (w/v)下 ,全细胞扩增出实验室保存的四种鱼腥藻的部分PC以及PC IGS序列 ,序列分析结果表明PC I

鲤鱼3个亚种线粒体DNA ND5/6区段的PCR-RFLP分析及亚种间分子标记的确立

从鲤鱼3个亚种(Cyprinus carpio carpio,Cyprinus carpio haematopterus和Cyprinus carpiorubrofuscus)中选出具代表性的品系共10个,运用PCR方法,扩增出2.4 kb的mtDNA ND5/6区段.共用9种限制性内切酶进行酶切分析,结果表明,每个亚种拥有一种单倍型,有4种限制性内切酶(Dde I,Hae III,Taq I和Mbo I)酶切后产生了能将3个亚种区分开来的诊断性限制性酶切位点.可利用其作为鉴定3个亚种的遗传标记和遗传育种

Primary antibody deficiency and diagnostic delay.

AIMS: To assess the occurrence of diagnostic delay in primary antibody deficiency in the period 1989-2002, since a similar study in 1989, and to assess the impact of UK national guidelines communicated in 1995. METHODS: A retrospective case note review was performed of 89 consecutive patients with antibody deficiency referred to a regional referral centre for clinical immunology in north west England and north Wales. The delay in diagnosis and the estimated resulting morbidity in terms of infections were assessed. RESULTS: Fifty six of the 89 patients experienced delay in diagnosis. The overall median delay was 2 years (mean, 4.4), resulting in substantial morbidity (equivalent to two major infections and one minor infection). This shows a moderate improvement since the previous study in 1989 and since the introduction of UK national guidelines in 1995. Respiratory infections are the most frequent presenting infections, and respiratory physicians the most common source of referral. CONCLUSIONS: There is still considerable delay in the diagnosis of primary antibody deficiency, but the data suggest an improvement in practice since the previous study in 1989 and the distribution of national guidelines in 1995.

RT-PCR法检测污染物甲基汞对调钙质基因表达的抑制

应用RT -PCR方法 ,通过用不同浓度的甲基汞对Hep2B细胞株进行不同时间长短的处理 ,检测其调钙质的mRNA表达水平 ,发现微量的甲基汞处理就可以引起细胞株细胞损伤 ,同时抑制调钙质mRNA的表达 ,进一步证实了在肝脏损伤的病理状态下调钙质基因的表达减少 ,从而为检测环境中甲基汞的含量提供了一个可能的分子生物学手段 .

原位杂交和原位PCR技术在鱼类基因定位中的应用

国家自然科学基金（项目编号：39730290）

水华蓝藻产毒特性的PCR检测法

特异引物对（ＴＯＸ　１Ｐ／１Ｆ；ＴＯＸ　２Ｐ／２Ｆ）用于检测微囊藻毒素合成酶基因ｍｃｙＢ片段在３８种水华蓝藻中的分布情况。结果显示，所有能产生微囊藻毒素的微囊藻都有特异扩增条带，非产毒株则没有。几种常规的毒性检测方法验证了ＰＣＲ方法所获结果的准确性。本研究发展了以全细胞ＰＣＲ法检测ｍｃｙＢ片断，说明全细胞ＰＣＲ检测法适用于不同来源的蓝藻材料。结果证明以ＤＮＡ为基础鉴别产毒和非产毒微囊藻及其他水华蓝藻的方法是可行和实用的。

集胞藻ORFs侧翼序列的PCR扩增和定向基因插入失活策略

针对集胞藻ＰＣＣ６８０３的１９２７个待定编码基因进行了两侧序列的ＰＣＲ扩增。４个亚株基因组在。ｓｌｌ０２６７－ｓｌｌ０２６８－ｓｌｌ０２６９区域的 ＰＣＲ扩增产物与 Ｋａｚｕｓａ ＤＮＡ数据存在差异。以叶绿素合成基因ｃｈｌＨ和ｃｈｌＬ为例，显示三片段连接ＰＣＲ产物可有效用于集胞藻６８０３基因组定向插入失活。

Flow field measurements of pulverized coal combustion using optical diagnostic techniques

This paper demonstrates the application of laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques to a particle-laden reacting flow of pulverized coal. A laboratory-scale open-type annular burner is utilized to generate velocity profiles of coal particles and micrometric alumina particles. Pair-wise two-component LDV measurements and high-speed stereo PIV measurements provide three-dimensional velocity components of the flow field. A detailed comparison of velocities for alumina and coal particle seeding revealed differences attributed to the wide size distribution of coal particles. In addition, the non-spherical shape and high flame luminosity associated with coal particle combustion introduces noise to the Mie scatter images. The comparison of mean and RMS velocities measured by LDV and PIV techniques showed that PIV measurements are affected by the wide size distribution of coal particles, whereas LDV measurements become biased toward the velocity of small particles, as signals from large particles are rejected. This small-particle bias is also reflected in the spectral characteristics for both techniques, which are in good agreement within the range of frequencies accessible. PIV measurements showed an expected lack of response of large coal particles to the turbulence fluctuations. The overall good agreement between LDV and PIV measurements demonstrates the applicability of the high-speed PIV technique to a particle-laden, high luminosity coal flame while highlighting some of its limitations. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Development of a time and space resolved sampling probe diagnostic for engine exhaust hydrocarbons

In order to understand how unburned hydrocarbons emerge from SI engines and, in particular, how non-fuel hydrocarbons are formed and oxidized, a new gas sampling technique has been developed. A sampling unit, based on a combination of techniques used in the Fast Flame Ionization Detector (FFID) and wall-mounted sampling valves, was designed and built to capture a sample of exhaust gas during a specific period of the exhaust process and from a specific location within the exhaust port. The sampling unit consists of a transfer tube with one end in the exhaust port and the other connected to a three-way valve that leads, on one side, to a FFID and, on the other, to a vacuum chamber with a high-speed solenoid valve. Exhaust gas, drawn by the pressure drop into the vacuum chamber, impinges on the face of the solenoid valve and flows radially outward. Once per cycle during a specified crank angle interval, the solenoid valve opens and traps exhaust gas in a storage unit, from which gas chromatography (GC) measurements are made. The port end of the transfer tube can be moved to different locations longitudinally or radially, thus allowing spatial resolution and capturing any concentration differences between port walls and the center of the flow stream. Further, the solenoid valve's opening and closing times can be adjusted to allow sampling over a window as small as 0.6 ms during any portion of the cycle, allowing resolution of a crank angle interval as small as 15°CA. Cycle averaged total HC concentration measured by the FFID and that measured by the sampling unit are in good agreement, while the sampling unit goes one step further than the FFID by providing species concentrations. Comparison with previous measurements using wall-mounted sampling valves suggests that this sampling unit is fully capable of providing species concentration information as a function of air/fuel ratio, load, and engine speed at specific crank angles. © Copyright 1996 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.

七株微囊藻系统进化关系的RAPD-PCR分析(英文)

应用RAPD－PCR的方法，选用24个随机引物，分析来自不同地区的7株微囊藻的基因组多态性．结果显示，Microcystis．viridis及M.wesenbergii明显与M．aeruginosa区分开．M．aeruginosa分为两个可视为不同种的异源分类单位．作为对照的Anabaenasp．7120与其他微囊藻株表现出完全不同的基因型及更远的遗传距离．此项研究表明，以基因型而不是表现型为基础，分析蓝藻种内及种间区别是可能的．因此，为解决蓝藻分类问题，特别是在种和属的水平上，提供了重要的线索．结合正在