A treatise on canals and reservoirs, and the best mode of designing and executing them; with observations on the Rochdale, Leeds and Liverpool, and Huddersfield canals ... Likewise observations on the best mode of carding, roving, drawing and spinning all kinds of cotton twist. Also instructions for designing and building a corn mill ... together with important directions on public drains.

Mode of access: Internet.

Silos, ensilage and silage. A practical treatise on the ensilage of fodder corn.

Mode of access: Internet.

Corn from olde fieldes: an anthology of English poems from the XIVth to the XVIIth century,

"Most of these poems have never been reprinted, or have appeared only in rare books."

Argument of the committee appointed to represent the Baltimore corn and flour exchange, on the subject of differential rates, before the "Advisory commission" of the trunk-line railroads ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Attempted eradication of the corn earworm from St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands /

Caption title.

Effect of harvest time and drying on supersweet sweet corn seed quality

A supersweet sweet corn hybrid, Pacific H5, was grown under field conditions in South-East Queensland to study the effects of harvest time and drying conditions on seed quality. Cobs were harvested at different times to obtain seed with two moisture percentage ranges (20-30% and 40-50%) and dried to 12% moisture under different combinations of drying temperatures (30 degrees C, 40 degrees C and 50 degrees C) and air velocities (1.25 m/s, 2.75 m/s and 4.30 m/s). Dried seed was stored at 30 degrees C with bimonthly monitoring of seed quality for 12 months. For standard as well as cold test germinations, statistical analysis yielded significant main effects for temperature, air velocity and harvest moisture content and significant interactions for drying temperature by harvest moisture and drying temperature by air velocity. Germination at the beginning of storage was unaffected by drying temperatures up to 40 degrees C regardless of harvest moisture but was lower at 50 degrees C for higher moisture. However, germination at the end of the storage period of 12 months was greatest for seed harvested at higher moisture and dried at temperatures up to 40 degrees C. Germination was not affected by air velocity for drying temperatures up to 40 degrees C but at 50 degrees C it generally decreased with increase in air velocity. To slow down seed deterioration during storage, it is recommended that sweet corn seed should be harvested at a higher moisture range (40-50%) and dried at 40 degrees C and 4.30 m/s air velocity. The drying temperature can be raised to 50 degrees C for seed harvested at a low moisture range (20-30%) provided the air velocity is kept low (1.25 m/s).

Catalytic pyrolysis of rice husk for bio-oil production

Catalytic pyrolysis experiments have been carried out on Brunei rice husk (BRH) to obtain bio-oil using a fixed-bed pyrolysis rig. ZSM-5, Al-MCM-41, Al-MSU-F and Brunei rice husk ash (BRHA) were used as the catalysts for the catalytic pyrolysis experiments and comparison was done to analyse the changes in the bio-oil properties and yield. Properties of the liquid catalytic and non-catalytic bio-oil were analysed in terms of water content, pH, acid number, viscosity, density and calorific value. The bio-oil chemical composition shows that ZSM-5 increases the production of aromatic hydrocarbons and light phenols, whilst Al-MCM-41 reduces the acetic acid production. The catalytic runs increased the calorific value and water content in the bio-oil, whilst viscosity, density and acid number is decreased. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Thermochemical characterisation of agricultural wastes from West Africa

Thermochemical characterisation of agricultural biomass wastes from West African region has been carried out and their potential use as feedstock in thermochemical conversion processes determined. Proximate, ultimate, structural compositions, calorific values, thermogravimetry (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) analyses were carried out on corn straw and cobs, rice straw and husks, cocoa pod, jatropha curcas and moringa olifiera seed cakes, parinari polyandra fruit shell and sugarcane bagasse. Moringa olifiera seed cakes and cocoa pods were found to contain the highest moisture contents. Rice straw was found to contain a high ash content of 45.76. wt.%. The level of nitrogen and sulphur in all the samples were very low. Rice husk was found to have the highest lignin contents while corn cob low lignin contents indicate a potential feedstock source for quality bio-oil production using thermochemical process. © 2013.

Catalytic intermediate pyrolysis of Brunei rice husk for bio-oil production

Rice husks from Brunei were subjected via intermediate pyrolysis for bio-oil production. Two main objectives were set out for this study. The application of intermediate pyrolysis on Brunei rice husk for the production of bio-oil is the main objective of this experiment. Characterisation of the rice husks was inclusive as a pre-requisite step to assess the suitability as feedstock for production of liquid fuels. Following on from the characterisation results, a temperature of 450°C was established as the optimum temperature for the production of bio-oil. A homogenous bio-oil was obtained from the pyrolysis of dry rice husk, and the physicochemical properties and chemical compositions were analysed. The second objective is the introduction of catalysts into the pyrolysis process which aims to improve the bio-oil quality, and maximise the desired liquid bio-oil properties. The incorporation of the catalysts was done via a fixed tube reactor into the pyrolysis system. Ceramic monoliths were used as the catalyst support, with montmorillonite clay as a binder to attach the catalysts onto the catalyst support. ZSM-5, Al-MCM-41, Al-MSU-F and Brunei rice husk ash (BRHA) together with its combination were adopted as catalysts. Proposed criterions dictated the selection of the best catalysts, subsequently leading to the optimisation process for bio-oil production. ZSM-5/Al-MCM-41 proved the most desirable catalyst, which increases the production of aromatics and phenols, decreased the organic acids and improved the physicochemical properties such as the pH, viscosity, density and H:C molar ratios. Variation in the ratio and positioning of both catalysts were the significant key factor for the catalyst optimisation study.

Encapsulation of phase change materials using rice-husk-char

This paper explored a new approach to prepare phase change microcapsules using carbon-based particles via Pickering emulsions for energy storage applications. Rice-husk-char, a by-product in biofuel production, containing 53.58 wt% of carbon was used as a model carbon-based material to encapsulate hexadecane. As a model phase change material, hexadecane was emulsified in aqueous suspensions of rice-husk-char nanoparticles. Water soluble polymers poly(diallyldimethyl-ammonium chloride) and poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) were used to fix the rice-husk-char nanoparticles on the emulsion droplets through layer-by-layer assembly to enhance the structural stability of the microcapsules. The microcapsules formed are composed of a thin shell encompassing a large core consisting of hexadecane. Thermal gravimetrical and differential scanning calorimeter analyses showed the phase change enthalpy of 80.9 kJ kg−1 or 120.0 MJ m−3. Design criteria of phase change microcapsules and preparation considerations were discussed in terms of desired applications. This work demonstrated possible utilisations of biomass-originated carbon-based material for thermal energy recovery and storage applications, which can be a new route of carbon capture and utilisation.

Encapsulation of phase change materials using rice-husk-char

This paper explored a new approach to prepare phase change microcapsules using carbon-based particles via Pickering emulsions for energy storage applications. Rice-husk-char, a by-product in biofuel production, containing 53.58 wt% of carbon was used as a model carbon-based material to encapsulate hexadecane. As a model phase change material, hexadecane was emulsified in aqueous suspensions of rice-husk-char nanoparticles. Water soluble polymers poly(diallyldimethyl-ammonium chloride) and poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) were used to fix the rice-husk-char nanoparticles on the emulsion droplets through layer-by-layer assembly to enhance the structural stability of the microcapsules. The microcapsules formed are composed of a thin shell encompassing a large core consisting of hexadecane. Thermal gravimetrical and differential scanning calorimeter analyses showed the phase change enthalpy of 80.9 kJ kg−1 or 120.0 MJ m−3. Design criteria of phase change microcapsules and preparation considerations were discussed in terms of desired applications. This work demonstrated possible utilisations of biomass-originated carbon-based material for thermal energy recovery and storage applications, which can be a new route of carbon capture and utilisation.