961 resultados para contagem de ovos


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A sobrevida das pessoas com AIDS tem aumentado com o uso das terapias com antiretrovirais (TARV), esses, entretanto, possuem efeitos colaterais que interferem no padrão morfofuncional e hematológico, o que pode levar a alterações na qualidade de vida (QV). Este estudo quase-experimental objetivou avaliar parâmetros antropométricos, funcionais, hematológicos e de QV em pessoas com HIV/AIDS submetidas a um programa de exercícios de 16 semanas. Os participantes tinham idade entre 35 e 51 anos (n=15), eram registrados no Núcleo de atendimento do Hospital Giselda Trigueiro em Natal/Rio Grande do Norte e apresentaram CD4350cel/mm3, lipodistrofia e estavam em TARV. Foram avaliados o índice de massa corpórea (IMC), a relação cintura-quadril (RCQ), o percentual de gordura (%G), a força escapular e manual, a contagem de CD4, carga viral e QV, antes e após a intervenção. Essa foi realizada com exercícios de aquecimento e utilizou como base os exercícios resistidos, realizados 3x/semana, com 1h e intensidade de 60 a 75% de 1RM. Observaram-se modificações significativas no %G (p=0,031), força escapular (p=0,007) e preensão manual (p=0,039). Houve aumento no CD4 e a carga viral manteve-se indetectável. Nos domínios da QV, houve mudança significativa no do meio ambiente (p=0,021), espiritualidade, religiosidade e crenças pessoais (p=0,032) e na percepção da qualidade de vida e saúde geral (p=0,005). Os resultados sugerem que os exercícios resistidos para essa população constituem agente terapêutico coadjuvante no controle dos efeitos colaterais advindos da TARV, promovendo modificações na composição corporal, aumento da capacidade funcional e dos níveis de CD4, mantendo estável a carga viral e melhorando a QV. Sugerimos novos estudos com maior tempo de intervenção e com o acompanhamento de equipes multidisciplinares, o que poderá promover melhorias mais significativas na qualidade de vida e efetuar maior controle nas variáveis intervenientes

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Massive resection of the small intestine results in short bowel syndrome with anti-absorptive effect and repercussions on the metabolism. Morphologic and functional evaluation may be necessary in order to control wrapped organs. Scintigraphy an examination with little invading and no biologic damage can be used. The purpose were to assess the biodistribution of sodium pertecnetate in organs of rats subjected to massive resection of the small intestine, the intestinal adaptation of the remnant intestinal mucosa and weight curve evaluation in the postoperative period. Twenty-one Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 7). The operated group named short bowel (SB) after anesthetized was subjected to massive resection of the small intestine; the control group (C), and sham group (SHAM). On the 30th postoperative day, 0.l mL of sodium pertechnetate was injected into the venous orbital plexus. After 30 minutes, the rats were killed with an overdose of anesthetic, and fragments of the liver, spleen, pancreas, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, thyroid, lung, heart, kidney, bladder, muscle, femur and brain were harvested. The percentage of radioactivity per gram of tissue (%ATI/g) was determined using Gama Counter WizardTM 1470, PerkinElmer to all samples. Biopsies of 3 cm remaining jejunum were removed to histological analyses. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test for multiple comparisons were used, considering p<0.05 as significant. The study had the participation of some departments and laboratories, as Nucleus of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Pathology and Service of Nuclear Medicine, certifying the character of a multidisciplinary research. The results were no significant differences in %ATI/g of the sodium pertechnetate in the organs of the groups studied (p>0.05). An increase in the weight of the SB rats was observed after the second postoperative week. The jejunal mucosal thickness of the SB rats was significantly greater than that of C and sham rats (p<0.05. The biodistribution of sodium pertechnetate was not affected by massive intestinal resection in rats. An adaptive response by the intestinal mucosa probably contributed to the reversion of weight loss and the biodistribution of sodium pertechnetate was not affected by the surgery

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Na aquicultura são utilizados análises da ativação e incremento da migração de macrófagos, com intuito de verificar a capacidade imunológica inespecífica dos peixes frente a um desafio. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o tempo de migração de monócitos/macrófagos para a cavidade peritoneal em matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus, por meio da técnica de inoculação de leveduras Saccharomyces cerevisiae, e verificar as possíveis alterações dos parâmetros hematológicos após o estímulo. Foram utilizados 30 matrinxãs com peso médio de 101,55 ± 24,50 g e comprimento médio de 19,75 ± 1,72 cm. Os tempos de inoculação utilizados foram 2, 4, 8 e 12 horas, sendo utilizados 6 animais por tempo. Após os períodos de incubação (2, 4, 8 e 12 horas), os exemplares foram anestesiados e alíquotas de sangue foram coletadas por punção do vaso caudal, para a análise: número total de células, contagem diferencial e total dos leucócitos e contagem total de trombócitos, hematócrito, taxa de hemoglobina e índices hematimétricos (VCM, HCM e CHCM). Os resultados mostram que a capacidade fagocítica do macrófago não apresentou diferenças significativas entre os tempos experimentais. Com relação ao índice fagocítico, o tempo de 2 horas representa o tempo em que os macrófagos fagocitaram maior número de leveduras com diferenças significativas em relação aos outros tempos experimentais, indicando que este tempo (2 horas) de incubação foi suficiente para a migração e ativação máxima dos macrófagos da cavidade peritoneal, da espécie estudada. Os valores do número de eritrócitos apresentaram diferenças entre os tempos de incubação. Entretanto, os valores dos outros parâmetros hematológicos não apresentaram diferenças significativas.

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Chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (DLPC) are lymphoid system diseases characterized by the abnormal proliferation of mature lymphocytes that affect B cells, T lymphocytes and NK cells. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the relevance of immunophenotyping by flow cytometry in patients with prolonged lymphocytosis and / or cytomorphological changes compatible with lymphoproliferative diseases. In this study 460 patients (244 men and 216 women) with DLPC were evaluated. Were analyzed by flow cytometry with a panel of monoclonal antibodies consisting of CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD10, CD19, CD22, CD23, CD25, CD38, CD45, CD16/CD56, and HLADR heavy and light chains of immunoglobulins. It also examines information regarding age, gender of patients and laboratory data as leucocytes, cytomorphological analysis, platelet count and hemoglobin determination. The results showed 398 cases of chronic lymphoproliferative disorders and 62 of DLPC B cell lymphoproliferative diseases T. B showed the following distribution : 253 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 42 cases of multiple myeloma ( MM ), 37 cases of lymphoma non - Hodgkin lymphoma in leukemic phase (NHL) , 17 cases of pro- B lymphocytic leukemia ( B -PLL), 15 cases of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL ), 12 cases of plasma cell leukemia ( PCL), 9 cases of lymphoma Burkitt (Linf B), 8 cases of leukemia villous cells ( LCV), 3 cases of splenic lymphoma with villous cells (LECV), a case of follicular lymphoma (LF) and a Waldenströn macroglobulinemia ( MW). The diseases source NK / T were 23 cases of peripheral T cell lymphoma (LCTP), 14 cases of T prolymphocytic leukemia (T -PLL), 10 cases of leukemia T of large granular lymphocytes (LGL -T) 9 cases of leukemia cells of adult T (LCTA), 5 cases of Sezary syndrome (SS) and a case of large granular NK leukemia (LGL -NK) lymphocytes. In conclusion, the combined use of the monoclonal antibody panel careful cytomorphological analysis was shown to be essential in immune diagnosis and classification of chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. This study was approved by the IRB - HUOL under number 356 / 09

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Laparoscopic surgery is associated with reduced surgical trauma, and less acute phase response, as compared with open surgery. Cytokines are important regulators of the biological response to surgical and anesthetic stress. The aim of this study was to determine if CO2 pneumoperitoneum would change cytokine expression, gas parameters and leukocyte count in septic rats. Methods: Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: control (anesthesia only), laparotomy, CO2 pneumoperitoneum, cecum ligation and puncture by laparotomy, and laparoscopic cecum ligation and puncture. After 30 min of the procedures, arterial blood samples were obtained to determine leukocytes subpopulations by hemocytometer. TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 were determined in intraperitoneal fluid (by ELISA). Gas parameters were measured on arterial blood, intraperitoneal and subperitoneal exsudates. Results: Peritoneal TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations were lower in pneumoperitoneum rats than in all other groups (p<0.05). TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 expression was lower in the laparoscopic than in laparotomic sepsis (p<0.05). Rats from laparoscopic cecum ligation and puncture group developed significant hypercarbic acidosis in blood and subperitoneal fluid when compared to open procedure group. Total white blood cells and lymphocytes were significantly lower in laparoscopic cecum ligation and puncture rats than in the laparotomic (p<0.01). Nevertheless, the laparotomic cecum ligation rats had a significant increase in blood neutrophils and eosinophils when compared with controls (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the CO2 pneumoperitoneum reduced the inflammatory and immune response in an animal model of peritonitis with respect to intraperitoneal cytokines, white blood cell count and clinical correlates of sepsis. The pneumoperitoneum produced hypercarbic acidosis in septic animals

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Ferritin is a protein composed of heavy and light chains, non-covalently linked and which accommodates, in its core, thousands of atoms of iron. Furthermore, this protein represents the stock of iron in the body and it is characterized as an acute marker and predictor of diseases, such as iron deficiency anemia, hereditary hemochromatosis and others. Considering the variability of reference values and the analytical methods currently available, the aim of this work was to propose 95% confidence intervals for adults in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, after determining the average concentration of serum ferritin for both sexes, beyond its correlation with the age. We analyzed 385 blood samples, collected by venipuncture from individuals residing in the State, after 12-14 hours of fast. The populational sample had 169 men and 216 women between 18-59 years old, which filled a questionnaire on socioeconomic, food habits and accounts about previous and current diseases. The sample collections were itinerant and the results of erythrogram, fasting glucose, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, urea, creatinine, leukocyte count and platelets, beyond C-reactive protein, were issued to each participant, so that, after selection of the apparently healthy individuals, the dosage of serum ferritin was carried out. Statistical analysis was performed using the softwares SPSS 11.0 Windows version, Epi Info 3.3.2 and Graf instant pad (version 3.02), and the random population sample was single (finite population), for which the test of linear correlation and diagram of dispersion were also made. After selection of individuals and determination of serum ferritin, the most discrepant outliers were disregarded (N = 358, Men = 154/Women = 207) and the average value determined for the masculine sex individuals was 167,18 ng / dL; for the feminine sex individuals, the average value obtained was 81,55 ng / dL. Moreover, we found that 25% of men had values < 90,30 ng / dL; 50% ≤ 156,25 ng / dL and 75% ≤ 229,00 ng / dL. In the group of women, 25% had values < 38,80 ng / dL; 50% ≤ 65,00 ng / dL and 75% ≤ 119,00 ng / dL. Through the correlation coefficient (r = 0,23 with p = 0,003), it is possible to suggest the existence of positive linear correlation between age and serum ferritin for men. The correlation coefficient for women (r = 0,16 with p = 0,025) also confirms the existence of positive linear correlation between serum ferritin and age. Considering the analysis carried out and specific methods corroborating with the proposed benchmarks, we concluded that the average value found for men is higher than that found for women. Furthermore, this scenario rises with age for both sexes, and the 95% confidence intervals obtained were 74 ng/dL ≤ μ ≤ 89 ng/dL and 152ng/dL ≤ μ ≤183ng/dL for the feminine and masculine sex individuals respectively

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Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi is used in the treatment of skin and mucosal injuries, infections of respiratory, digestive and genitourinary systems. Currently one of the biggest problems faced for the industry of phytopharmaceuticals with regard to the quality of raw materials is the microbial contamination. The aim this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial action of the hidroalcoholic extract of aroeira, beyond testing the effectiveness of the preservative system in hidrogel to the base of this extract. The extracts were prepared by maceration in the ratio of 1:10 of solvent plant/with alcohol 40%. The methods for microbial count were pour plate and test for specific microorganisms, analyzing in third copy each one of the samples. The antimicrobial activity of aroeira extracts was performed using an agar diffusion method, using strains of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, B. subtilis, C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. guilliermondii, T. rubrum, M. gypseum, A. flavus and A. niger. The formula with aroeira was evaluated by the challenge test. This method consisted of artificial contamination the sample with separate inóculos of A. niger, C. albicans, E. coli e S. aureus aeruginosa and determinations of survivors for the method of counting for pour plate , during times 0, 24h, 48h, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days. How much to the results, one verified that the extract of aroeira in the 13,5 concentration mg/mL presented antimicrobial activity for cepas of E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa e S. aureus, producing inhibition zone, on average with 13 mm of diameter. However it did not present no fungi activity. The formula with aroeira containig both methylparaben and propylparaben showed a good efficacy in challenge test front to strains of A. niger, C. albicans, E. coli, S. aureus. The A criteria of European Pharmacopoeia, adopted in this work, was verified that this product revealed the good preservative efficacy for the challenge test, time interval of the 28 days. However, it is interesting to extend this study, in order to carry through the sped up stability and the test of shelf, to establish the validity of this formularization

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Os Nematoda e Protista podem ser transmitidos ao homem de diversas maneiras, mas pouca ênfase é dada para a transmissão mecânica por intermédio de formigas. Assim, esse trabalho procurou investigar a transmissão mecânica de ovos de Ascaris lumbricoides e cistos de Entamoeba coli pelos Formicidae. Através de experimentos com espécies mantidas em ninhos no laboratório (Tapinoma melanocephalum, Linepithema humile e Monomorium pharaonis) e com 17 espécies de formigas de uma área antropizada na região de Mogi as Cruzes (SP), foi possível constar que os ovos A. lumbricoides foram transportados por L. humile, tanto no campo (1 operária) como no laboratório (1 operária), por Camponotus rufipes (2), por Solenopsis saevissima (1) e por Acromyrmrex niger (1). em três operárias de C. rufipes foram encontrados cistos de E. coli. Apesar da baixa incidência de transporte, as três primeiras espécies pelo fato de viverem muito próximas ao ser humano, podem levar para dentro do ambiente domiciliar patógenos de Nematoda e Protista.

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Estudos dos ninhos da vespa social Polistes (Epicnemius) cinerascens Saussure apresentaram correlação entre o tamanho do favo e a largura do pedúnculo, bem como com a altura das células e número de gerações produzidas. Foi verificado o tempo de duração do ciclo biológico das colônias (199,3 dias), número de células construídas (102,9) e de adultos produzidos (94,2), além das taxas: 0,5 células/dia, 0,3 adultos/dia e 0,8 adultos/célula, da percentagem de células produtivas/ninho (55,2 %) e do número de gerações/colônia (até 4). O número de ínstares larvais foi 5, a taxa de crescimento 1,3, o tempo de duração dos estágios imaturos foi: ovos = 13,0 dias, larvas = 23,7, pupas - 22,2 e a duração total = 58,6 dias. A longevidade dos adultos foi 38,3 dias.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a interferência de densidades de tubérculos de tiririca no crescimento inicial de plantas de algodão, cultivar Delta Opal. Para isso, utilizaram-se caixas de cimento-amianto (0,60 x 0,60 x 0,25 m) com Latossolo Vermelho Escuro, no centro das quais foram semeadas seis sementes de algodão, em linha, espaçadas de 0,10 m; em seguida, plantaram-se tubérculos de tiririca nas densidades de 0, 5, 10, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 e 200 tubérculos por caixa, que foram nestas distribuídos aleatoriamente. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, em quatro repetições. Aos 50 dias após a semeadura, foram determinados, nas plantas de algodão, a altura e o teor relativo de clorofila total. Ao término do período experimental (65 dias após a emergência do algodão), foram determinados: altura, teor relativo de clorofila total, área foliar e matéria seca do caule e das folhas. Nas plantas de tiririca foi feita a contagem do número final de plantas (partes aéreas) por caixa. A interferência da tiririca no crescimento inicial do algodoeiro iniciou-se a partir de 5 tubérculos/caixa, reduzindo em até 71% as características analisadas na mais alta densidade (200 tubérculos/caixa). A competição intra-específica na tiririca acentuou-se a partir de 75 tubérculos/caixa, quando obteve mais do que 1,86 brotação por tubérculo. As características avaliadas nas plantas de algodão mais sensíveis ao efeito dos tubérculos de tiririca foram: área foliar, massa seca de folhas, caule e altura das plantas, nesta ordem.

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Para testar o efeito da temperatura e do tempo de embebição nos valores de condutividade elétrica e verificar sua aplicabilidade para determinar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Dalbergia nigra (jacarandá-da-bahia), foram utilizadas sementes colhidos em três anos (lote I _ 1998; lote II _ 1997 e lote III - 1994). Inicialmente determinou-se o teor de água e depois conduziu-se os testes de germinação em laboratório e viveiro, utilizando-se quatro repetições de 25 sementes. Para estudar a condutividade elétrica (CE) foram utilizadas quatro repetições de 50 sementes. Cada subamostra foi colocada em recipiente contendo 75ml de água deionizada, embebidas por 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 e 36 horas, a 20, 25 e 30ºC. Sementes do lote II apresentaram maiores valores na primeira contagem da germinação, diferindo significativamente dos demais lotes. O lote III apresentou qualidade inferior. Com o aumento do período e da temperatura de embebição ocorreu aumento nos valores de CE das sementes dos três lotes. O lote III mostrou qualidade fisiológica inferior a dos lotes I e II, que apresentaram valores mais elevados de CE. Não houve diferenciação entre os lotes I e II. Concluiu-se que o teste de CE foi eficiente para diferenciar os lotes de sementes de Dalbergia nigra, com alto grau de associação com o teste de germinação.

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O presente trabalho teve como objetivos verificar o efeito do número de sementes e do volume de água utilizada no teste de condutividade elétrica (CE) para avaliar o vigor de três lotes de sementes de Dalbergia nigra (jacarandá-da-bahia) e correlacionar esses resultados com os dados de germinação em laboratório e em viveiro. Os testes de germinação em laboratório e viveiro foram conduzidos com quatro repetições de 25 sementes. O teste de CE foi realizado com 25, 50 e 75 sementes embebidas a 75, 100 e 125ml de água, por diferentes períodos. A porcentagem de germinação e de plântulas normais em laboratório, indicaram o lote III como de qualidade inferior aos lotes I e II. A primeira contagem da germinação e o índice de velocidade de germinação em laboratório e a emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência e porcentagem de plântulas normais em viveiro identificaram o lote II como superior ao lote I e o III como inferior. A CE diminui com o aumento do volume de água e aumentou com o período de embebição. A diferenciação dos lotes foi mais eficiente, quando se utilizou 75ml de água deionizada e amostras de 50 sementes com pelo menos 36 horas de embebição, com valores de CE menores nos lotes I e II do que no lote II. Os coeficientes de correlação simples entre a CE e as demais características avaliadas, em laboratório e viveiro, foram elevados e significativos, evidenciando alta associação entre os mesmos. Assim, pode-se recomendar que o teste de CE seja conduzido a 25ºC, com amostras de 50 sementes embebidas em 75ml de água deionizada, por períodos iguais ou superiores a 36 horas de embebição, para determinar a qualidade fisiológica de lotes de sementes de jacarandá-da-bahia.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is a clonal proliferation of mature B lymphocytes characterized by indolent clinical course. Biologically this clonallity is characterized by low expression of surface immunoglobulin (sIg) with restriction to a single immunoglobulin light chain associated with high expression of CD5 antigen and positivity to B cell antigens lymphocytes such as CD19, CD20 and CD23 and negativity to FMC7. The immunological profile and morphological analysis of lymphoid cells are the main means for the differential diagnosis of B-CLL from other chronic lymphoproliferative diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression pattern of a variety of membrane antigens in leukemic cells originating from patients with B-CLL. In this study, peripheral blood samples from 80 patients with B-CLL were analyzed by multiparametric flow cytometry in addition to routine hematologic exams, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb): CD45/CD14, CD3/CD19/CD45, CD4/CD8 / CD3, CD20/CD5/CD3, CD3/CD16-56/CD45, CD2/CD7, FMC7/CD23, CD103/CD22/CD20, HLADR/CD38, CD10/CD19, CD1a, CD11b and also IgM/gD, kappa and lambda immunoglobulin light chains for the detection of surface immunoglobulin and clonal restriction for immunoglobulin light chain. The Hematological data were obtained from the hematological analyzer and cytomorphological analysis in blood film stained by Leishmann. The study samples consisted of 45 men and 35 women, ages ranging from 55 to 84 years (mean 65 years). Complete white blood count showed count ranging from 10.0 to 42.0 x 109/l. (mean 50.0 x 109/l) and lymphocytes count greater than 5.0 x 109/l in all cases. The neoplastic cells displayed B-CLL phenotype (CD5+/CD19+/CD20+/HLADR+/CD23+) in the vast majority of the cases, associated to failed to stain for T cell markers (CD1a, CD2, CD4, CD3, CD7, CD8), CD103, CD14 and FMC7. Leukemic cells of most patients also expressed low intensity of IgM and IgD with restricted kappa light chain, in most cases (59,7%). This observation highlights the importance of immunophenotyping for correct diagnosis of chronic lymphoproliferative syndromes and the panel of MoAb used was sufficient for diagnostic confirmation of B-CLL

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Despite Candida species are often human commensals isolated from various oral sites such as: tongue, cheek and palatal mucosa plus subgingival region, there are some properties linked to the organism commonly known as virulence factors which confer them the ability to produce disease. Oral candidiasis is one of the main oral manifestations reported in literature related to kidney transplant patients. The objectives of the present study were to identify and investigate virulence factors of yeasts isolated from the oral cavity of kidney transplant recipients admitted at the Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, in Natal RN. Seventy Candida species isolated from 111 kidney transplant recipients were investigated in this study. Identification of the isolates was performed by using the evidence of germ tube formation, hypertonic broth, tolerance to grow at 42°C, micromorphology and biochemical profiles. We observed a high rate of isolation of yeasts from the oral cavity of kidney transplant recipients (63.1%) being C. albicans was the most prevalent species. Oral candidiasis was diagnosed in 14.4% of transplant recipients. We evaluated virulence properties of the isolates regarding to: biofilm formation on polystyrene microplates as well as XTT reduction, adherence to acrylic resin and human buccal epithelial cells and proteinase activity. Most isolates were able to form biofilm by the method of adhesion to polystyrene. All isolates of Candida spp. remained viable during biofilm formation when analyzed by the method of XTT reduction. The number of CFU attached to the acrylic resin suggested high adherence for C. parapsilosis. C. albicans isolates showed higher median adherence to human buccal epithelial cells than non-C. albicans Candida isolates. Nevertheless, this difference was not statistically significant. C. dubliniensis showed low ability to adhere to plastic and epithelial cells and biofilm formation. Proteolytic activity was observed for all the isolates investigated, including the unique isolate of C. dubliniensis. There was a statistically significant association between proteinase production and the presence of oral candidiasis. Studies related to oral candidiasis in renal transplant recipients are limited to clinical and epidemiological data, but investigations concerning Candida spp. virulence factor for this group of individuals are still scarce. We emphasize the importance of studies related to virulence factors of yeasts isolated from this population to contribute to the knowledge of microbiological aspects of oral candidiasis