An��lise do desenvolvimento econ��mico e social do Esp��rito Santo �� luz da transi����o demogr��fica

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o desenvolvimento econ��mico e social capixaba �� luz da transi����o demogr��fica. Para tanto, procurou-se primeiro contextualizar o debate econ��mico-demogr��fico de acordo com diferentes escolas da hist��ria do pensamento econ��mico. Al��m disso, foi analisado o hist��rico de desenvolvimento econ��mico capixaba, na segunda metade do s��culo XX, por meio dos principais indicadores utilizados, tais como PIB e PIB per capita. Por fim, verificou-se como se deu a transi����o demogr��fica no Esp��rito Santo, analisando se o chamado b��nus demogr��fico foi absorvido pelo mercado de trabalho capixaba.

Integrating environmental and economic life cycle analysis in product development: a material selection case study

Purpose Achieving sustainability by rethinking products, services and strategies is an enormous challenge currently laid upon the economic sector, in which materials selection plays a critical role. In this context, the present work describes an environmental and economic life cycle analysis of a structural product, comparing two possible material alternatives. The product chosen is a storage tank, presently manufactured in stainless steel (SST) or in a glass fibre reinforced polymer composite (CST). The overall goal of the study is to identify environmental and economic strong and weak points related to the life cycle of the two material alternatives. The consequential win-win or trade-off situations will be identified via a Life Cycle Assessment/Life Cycle Costing (LCA/LCC) integrated model. Methods The LCA/LCC integrated model used consists in applying the LCA methodology to the product system, incorporating, in parallel, its results into the LCC study, namely those of the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) and the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA). Results In both the SST and CST systems the most significant life cycle phase is the raw materials production, in which the most significant environmental burdens correspond to the Fossil fuels and Respiratory inorganics categories. The LCA/LCC integrated analysis shows that the CST has globally a preferable environmental and economic profile, as its impacts are lower than those of the SST in all life cycle stages. Both the internal and external costs are lower, the former resulting mainly from the composite material being significantly less expensive than stainless steel. This therefore represents a full win-win situation. As a consequence, the study clearly indicates that using a thermoset composite material to manufacture storage tanks is environmentally and economically desirable. However, it was also evident that the environmental performance of the CST could be improved by altering its End-of-Life stage. Conclusions The results of the present work provide enlightening insights into the synergies between the environmental and the economic performance of a structural product made with alternative materials. Further, they provide conclusive evidence to support the integration of environmental and economic life cycle analysis in the product development processes of a manufacturing company, or in some cases even in its procurement practices.

Algumas notas sobre o problema da ��corrup����o��, sobretudo no seio do Direito penal econ��mico e social, quer de um ponto de vista do Direito penal, quer a partir de uma perspectiva criminol��gica: o caso da empresa

Resumo: 1 ��� Introdu����o; 2 ��� Breve nota de Criminologia e Pol��tica Criminal no que diz respeito ao papel das pol��cias perante a teoria da discricionariedade no contexto do problema da corrup����o, igualmente econ��mica e social; 3 - O problema da ��corrup����o��, sobretudo no seio do Direito penal econ��mico e social: o caso da import��ncia da empresa; 4 ��� Algumas pr��-conclus��es sobre a dificuldade de imputar crimes, nomeadamente crimes de corrup����o, ��s ��empresas��; 5 ��� Conclus��o. �� Abstract: 1 - Introduction 2 - a brief note of Criminology and Criminal Policy in relation to the role of the police before the theory of discretion in the context of the problem of corruption, also economic and social development; 3 - the problem of the ��corruption��, especially within the social and economic criminal law: the case of the importance of the company; 4 - Some pre-conclusions about the difficulty of attributing crimes, including crimes of corruption, the ��companies��, 5 - Conclusion.

Financial and economic analysis of prevention of needlesticks in the hospital sector

This paper discusses the financial and economic analysis of prevention of needlestick accidents related to Occupational Health and Safety projects and presents the application to a case study involving a Hospital.

Earnings management and economic crises in the brazilian capital market

The 2008 economic crisis challenged accounting, either demanding recognition and measurement criteria well adjusted to this scenario or even questioning its ability to inform appropriately entities' financial situation before the crisis occurred. So, our purpose was to verify if during economic crises listed companies in the Brazilian capital market tended to adopt earnings management (EM) practices. Our sample consisted in 3,772 firm-years observations, in 13 years - 1997 to 2009. We developed regression models considering discretionary accruals as EM proxy (dependent variable), crisis as a macroeconomic factor (dummy variable of interest), ROA, market-to-book, size, leverage, foreign direct investment (FDI) and sector as control variables. Different for previous EM studies two approaches were used in data panel regression models and multiple crises were observed simultaneously. Statistics tests revealed a significant relation between economic crisis and EM practices concerning listed companies in Brazil in both approaches used.

A quest��o do g��nero em Mo��ambique: contributo para uma an��lise da sua problem��tica

RESUMO:O desenvolvimento entendido como um processo pol��tico, econ��mico e social, visando uma melhoria constante do bem-estar de toda a popula����o, requer a aloca����o e utiliza����o de recursos para benef��cio social e econ��mico da sociedade. Por��m, em Mo��ambique, neste processo, o crescimento e progress��o dos grupos sociais ainda �� desigual, ocorrendo uma certa marginaliza����o e menor participa����o nos processos de tomada de decis��o, das mulheres e dos grupos desfavorecidos. O presente estudo, subordinado ao tema: ���A Quest��o do G��nero em Mo��ambique: Contributo para uma an��lise da sua problem��tica���, procurou compreender a import��ncia e o contributo das mulheres mo��ambicanas inseridas em diferentes ��reas de desenvolvimento e o seu empoderamento. O estudo foi centrado nas diversas formas de luta e de interven����o contra a pobreza e a exclus��o social. A metodologia do presente trabalho consistiu numa pesquisa emp��rica atrav��s da observa����o participante, onde foram feitas entrevistas, utilizando gui��es pr��-elaborados que permitiram recolher os perfis sociol��gicos das ONGs que trabalham directamente com as quest��es de g��nero. Foram entrevistadas mulheres que ocupam lugares-chave nas institui����es governamentais e algumas parlamentares. Foi igualmente consultada a documenta����o oficial bem como os dados estat��sticos que abordam quest��es ligadas ao g��nero. As observa����es feitas indicam-nos que a mulher em Mo��ambique busca gradualmente o seu espa��o no desenvolvimento da sociedade, n��o se esgotando a sua participa����o apenas nos processos decis��rios a n��vel governamental e das ONGs, antes estendendo-se ao associativismo nos mais diversos campos sociais. A mulher mo��ambicana participa hoje, individualmente ou organizada em grupo, em lutas e reivindica����es colectivas, tendo crescido positivamente ao conseguir ultrapassar diversos obst��culos. A t��tulo de conclus��o recomenda-se a inclus��o de profissionais da ��rea social nos programas de desenvolvimento. Seria uma forma de fortalecer os avan��os j�� alcan��ados. A presen��a de assistentes sociais nos ��rg��os p��blicos e noutros sectores mais sens��veis, iria por certo permitir reduzir as preocupa����es dos que buscam estes servi��os. ABSTRACT: The present study on the subject: ���The Question of Gender in Mozambique: Development and Issues���, demand to understand the importance and contribution that non-governmental organizations provides on the effort of Mozambican woman in having in the society the space that on right belongs to her. The development understood as the economic, social, cultural and political process that aimed a continuous improvement of the population welfare, require the allocation and use of resources for social and economic benefit of society. However in many countries, as is the case of Mozambique, this process is the advancement of certain groups accompanied by the marginalization, exclusion and subordination of others, especially women. Despite improvement in education and combating poverty, access to education for women remains an unusual reality and poverty persists to affect much of Mozambican women, thus causing its social exclusion. On the other hand, although the law recognizes gender equality, women are still oppressed and often the only career that is destined is to be married, take care of the field and having children. However, several exceptions have occurred in which women have to take political positions and functions exclusively reserved to men before. Women's organizations and women leaders participating in favour of the defence of other women have been contributing to its success. UFUPISHO:Maendeleo, yanayosikiwa kama utaratibu wa jamii, ambao unalinga hali njema ya mustarehe wa watu wote wa nchi, yanahitaji toleo na utumizi wa vifaa kwa fadhili ya jamii na ya kiuchumi ya watu jamii. Walakini katika Mozambiki, mwendeleo unaotukia utaratibuni huu hauko sawa. Funzo hili la kuhusu jambo: ��� Swali la jinsi ya kuwa kiume au kike Mozambiki: Maendeleo na Tatizo ���, lilitafuta kufahamu muhimu na msaada wa wanawake wa Mozambiki katika maeneo mbalimbali ya maendeleo na ongezo la uwezo wao. Funzo lilifanywa juu ya namna nyingi za mapigano na uamuzi kwa kupingana na umaskini na ondoleo katika jamii. Taratibu ya funzo hili ilikuwa uchunguzi jarabati katika onyo la kushirika,ambamo yalifanywa mahojiano, yakitumia maongozi yaliyofanywa mbele ambayo yaliruhusu kujua tabia za elimujamii za ���ONGs��� ambazo zinafanya kazi juu ya maswali ya jinsi ya kuwa kiume au kike. Walihojiwa wanawake ambao wanamiliki kazi muhimu katika mashirika ya serikali na wanawake wa bunge. Zilichunguwa pia hati rasmi na takwimu zinazohusu maswali ya jinsi ya kuwa kiume au kike. Maonyo yaliyofanywa yanatuonyesha ya kwamba mwanamke katika Mozambika anatafuta kidogo kidogo nafasi yake maendeleoni ya watu jamii, asipojichosha tu kwa kushirika katika taratibu za kubezwa za serikali za ���ONGs��� na ushirikiano, ukijitanda kwa maeneo ya jamii makubwa zaidi. Mwanamke wa Mozambiki anashirika peke au kwa kundi, akiunganika mapiganoni na madaini ya pamoja, akigua na akiweza kupita vizuizi vingi. Inashauriwa kwamba kama namna ya kuimarisha maendeleo na kwa sababu mwanamke yuko katika sehemu nyingi za jamii, anaingia ndani ya sekta mbalimbali za ufundi kama kwa mfano msaidizi wa jamii. Kuwapo kwa msaidizi wa jamii katika mashirika ya umma na katika sekta nyingine mbalimbali kutaruhusu kumaliza shughuliko ya wale ambao wanatafuta kazi hizi.

Demographic profile and health conditions of the elderly in a community in an urban area of Southeastern Brazil

Some specific characteristics of the aging of the Brazilian population in different areas, states and communities all over the country, have shown significant variations. Historical series of demographic and health indicators for the population in their sixties and over in Brazil, state of S. Paulo and in the municipal district of Araraquara are listed as follows: level of education and urban population growth rate, income distribution, mortality rates and main causes of death. In 1991 the aged constituled were 7,8% of the Brazilian population and 9,7% in Araraquara community. The elderly population (of 70 years of aged and above) as a proportion of the whole, has increased and already stands for 40%. The same trend holds good for both the proportion of aged within the urban population and their level of education wich increased to 90% in 1991. The main causes of death are chronic degenerative diseases which have replaced the infectious illness: firts, the diseases of the circulatory sistem (which account for more than 40% of all deaths) and the neoplasms (which let to 15% of the deaths). On the basis of these health and demographic data relating to people of 60 years of age and over, this study suggests some procedures for the improvement of the quality of the assistance given to the target population: a) the assistance give to the aged should be improved by providing gerontological training for general physicians and nurses, both of public and private clinics; b) the already exixting educational activities for the aged, for health workers and for teachers of secundary education should be further developed; c) the number of day-hospitals should be increased for the purpose of avoiding unnecessary confinement so as maintain the low rate of institutionalization in homes for the elderly (0,7% in Araraquara). It is reported that at least 35% of the aged population in this area is entitled to private health assistance, wich brings out the importance of including such services in the local health programs for this group.

Portugal making a difference with children and families: the GADIF model

Portugal is a culture grounded in strong traditions and family. Yet, social changes like women returning to the workforce and a decreas ed national birth rate are impacting the traditional family structure and care giving environments of children. Female employment has been increasing steadily in P ortugal over the last three decades (Galego & Pereira, 2006) and the total fert ility rate decreasing from 4.1 to 2.8 (INE, 2006). Furthermore, extended family me mbers, like grandparents, no longer reside close by to their children and grandc hildren as in the past, because of a changing labor market. Many of the younger gen eration are leaving their rural communities to flock to urban areas because o f job opportunities, leaving behind older relatives who would have otherwise par ticipated in the daily care of children. Given these social and economic changes, children are spending more time in out-of-home care with non-familial caregive rs. Yet, government regulations and guidelines in early care and educat ion (ECCE) and early intervention (EI) are only just emerging; it contin ues to be a work in progress.

Technical and economic resources management in smart grids using heuristic optimization methods

Intensive use of Distributed Generation (DG) represents a change in the paradigm of power systems operation making small-scale energy generation and storage decision making relevant for the whole system. This paradigm led to the concept of smart grid for which an efficient management, both in technical and economic terms, should be assured. This paper presents a new approach to solve the economic dispatch in smart grids. The proposed methodology for resource management involves two stages. The first one considers fuzzy set theory to define the natural resources range forecast as well as the load forecast. The second stage uses heuristic optimization to determine the economic dispatch considering the generation forecast, storage management and demand response

Society and technological evolution: challenges and opportunities

Starting from the assumption that, the organizational learning process influences, in a positive way, the innovative environment and that it shows positive effects on individual, group and organizational performance, this paper deals with the analysis of companies that provide knowledge-intensive products. Referring to the initial information obtained through an adequate survey that is still being performed since May 2009, the main goal is to identify the ways to an organizational learning, measure its importance and identify the effects on the social and economic development. Our reflexion study handles two Portuguese knowledge-rich-organizations, based on the metropolitan area of Lisbon. The paper has the following methodological structure: in the first chapter we will make a theoretical contextualization about the organizational learning; in the second chapter we will handle the data recovered using the SPSS statistics software and, afterwards, presenting the main results. Finally, starting from the main conclusions achieved, we willgive clues to an ongoing reflection.

O Voluntariado enquanto promotor do empreendedorismo social: o caso da Associa����o Humanit��ria dos Bombeiros Volunt��rios de Mangualde

Disserta����o de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Administra����o do Porto para a obten����o do grau de Mestre em Empreendedorismo e Internacionaliza����o, sob orienta����o de Doutora Deolinda Meira e Mestre Paula Alferes

Inser����o no mercado de trabalho de jovens com baixas qualifica����es escolares: o caso de um bairro social do concelho de Ribeira Grande

Disserta����o de Mestrado, Sociologia, 31 de Mar��o de 2014, Universidade dos A��ores.

Health-related quality of life and working conditions among nursing providers

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate working conditions associated with health-related quality of life (HRQL) among nursing providers. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in a university hospital in the city of S��o Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, during 2004-2005. The study sample comprised 696 registered nurses, nurse technicians and nurse assistants, predominantly females (87.8%), who worked day and/or night shifts. Data on sociodemographic information, working and living conditions, lifestyles, and health symptoms were collected using self-administered questionnaires. The following questionnaires were also used: Job Stress Scale, Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) and Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Ordinal logistic regression analysis using proportional odds model was performed to evaluate each dimension of the SF-36. RESULTS: Around 22% of the sample was found to be have high strain and 8% showed an effort-reward imbalance at work. The dimensions with the lowest mean scores in the SF-36 were vitality, bodily pain and mental health. High-strain job, effort-reward imbalance (ERI>1.01), and being a registered nurse were independently associated with low scores on the role emotional dimension. Those dimensions associated to mental health were the ones most affected by psychosocial factors at work. CONCLUSIONS: Effort-reward imbalance was more associated with health than high-strain (high demand and low control). The study results suggest that the joint analysis of psychosocial factors at work such as effort-reward imbalance and demand-control can provide more insight to the discussion of professional roles, working conditions and HRQL of nursing providers.