Developing a Theoretical Framework for a Study on the Impact of Advertising Credibility of Consumer Healthcare Products

The tough competition in the global and national markets and new trends in consumerism resulted in an increase in the volume of advertisements. Sometimes advertisers are successful in achieving their intended objectives with a particular advertisement and sometimes they are not .These factors contributed a lot towards the decision making problems of advertising agencies with regard to the selection of appropriate advertising strategies and tactics. The tough competition and large volume of advertising make the consumers confused and this even created doubts in the minds of consumers about the genuineness and reliability of manufacturers and products. These factors caused a query regarding the active role of credibility element in advertising. The proposed study examines the effects of advertising credibility in consumer health care non durable product advertising on communication effect, purchase behavior and ad skepticism. This paper examines the need for the study of advertising credibility and reviews the advertising- consumer behaviour- credibility – healthcare theories which form a basis for the study. It identifies the different components and dimensions of advertising credibility and the importance of communication effect, purchase behavior and ad skepticism. It also studies the relevance of credibility in the consumer healthcare products advertising and suggests a Theoretical Framework for the proposed study

Theoretical investigations of an annular elliptical ring microstrip antenna using Green‘s function technique

Analytical expressions for the Green’s function of an annular elliptical ring microstrip antenna (AERMA) are developed and reported. The modal, radiation and input impedance characteristics of the TM, modes are determined from these expressions. The resonant frequencies of odd modes are greater than that of the even modes for all TMnl modes (n = 1, 2, 3, ...) udke elliptical microstrip structures. The radiation pattern and input imedance curves of TMI2 mode on comparison with available experimental result shows good agreement whch provides an independent validation to this technique. The performance of the AERMA is then investigated as a function of thickness and substrate dielectric permittivity.

Emotional Intelligence As A Determinant Of Conflict Style Adoption Of Managers: A Theoretical Perspective

Successful management is dependent heavily on the manager’s ability to handle conflict effectively. The workforce has been increasingly becoming diversified vis-à-vis the gender, culture and ethnicity. The present work environment has in itself contributed to sowing seeds of conflict with greater diversity, hostility, complexity and newer business competencies in the work context.The classic study of Mintzberg’s Managerial roles approach (1973) also says that a manager has to spend sufficient time and energy in solving conflict as he has to take roles as a negotiator, and dispute handler. An understanding of the conflict and role that it plays in influencing employee behavior constructively or destructively is immense. Therefore conflict when left unmanaged can lead to diminished cohesiveness amongst employees, productivity and reduced organizational fitness. To manage conflict effective conflict resolution strategies that have constructive outcomes is called for. Conflict resolution style theorists opine that collaborative or integrative style, where there is high concern for task and people is considered to give positive individual and organizational outcomes, while the withdrawing /avoidance style and forcing / dominating style are considered to be ineffective in managing conflict. Though managers have typical preferences in the styles followed it need not necessarily be the typical response as it depends on the context, power relationships, emotions etc. The adoption of conflict styles of managers however is dependent on variables like gender orientation, cultural values, personality orientation, underlying relationships – public/private. The paper attempts to draw the importance of managing conflicts at workplace positively and the need for effective conflict resolution strategies. The conflict style adopted and the variables that affect the adoption of each style are discussed and possible interventions at the workplace are suggested

Theoretical Design and Synthesis of Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymers for Photovoltaic and NLO Applications

Polymers with conjugated π-electron backbone display unusual electronic properties such as low energy optical transition, low ionization potentials, and high electron affinities. The properties that make these materials attractive include a wide range of electrical conductivity, mechanical flexibility and thermal stability. Some of the potential applications of these conjugated polymers are in sensors, solar cells, field effect transistors, field emission and electrochromic displays, supercapacitors and energy storage. With recent advances in the stability of conjugated polymer materials, and improved control of properties, a growing number of applications are currently being explored. Some of the important applications of conducting polymers include: they are used in electrostatic materials, conducting adhesives, shielding against electromagnetic interference (EMI), artificial nerves, aircraft structures, diodes, and transistors.

Analyse und Beschreibung des Innengewindefertigungsverfahrens Gewindefurchen auf Basis eines Modellversuchs

Das Gewindefurchen ist ein spanloses Fertigungsverfahren zur Herstellung von Innengewinden. Es bietet wesentliche Vorteile gegenüber der spanenden Innengewindeherstellung, wie z.B. keine Notwendigkeit zur Spanentsorgung, höhere Festigkeit der Gewindeflanken und eine erhöhte Prozessgeschwindigkeit. Um die Vorteile des Verfahrens unter wirtschaftlichen und technologischen Aspekten besser auszunutzen, bietet die Weiterentwicklung der Werkzeuggeometrie sowohl im makroskopischen als auch im mikroskopischen Bereich ein enormes Potential, welches nicht nur bezüglich der Standzeit bzw. Standmenge und Prozessgeschwindigkeit, sondern auch hinsichtlich der Qualität der erzeugten Gewinde erschlossen werden sollte. Durch die empirische Untersuchung der technischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften am Gewindefurcher sollen der Anformbereich und die Formkeilgeometrie in Abhängigkeit verschiedener Prozessparameter und Werkstoffe verbessert werden, um optimale Bearbeitungsergebnisse hinsichtlich der hergestellten Gewindefurchen und des auftretenden Verschleißes am Gewindefurcher bzw. Formkeils zu erreichen. Die Basis dieser Untersuchungen bildet ein neuartiger Modellversuch, bei dem modifizierte Gewindefurcher verwendet werden, die derart umgestaltet sind, dass von einem üblichen Gewindefurcher durch Umschleifen nur noch ein einzelner Gewindegang am Werkzeug verbleibt. Dadurch ist es möglich, in einer vergrößerten Vorbohrung mit einem Formkeil die einzelnen Umformstufen beim Gewindefurchen separat zu fertigen, die auftretenden Prozesskräfte während des Eingriffs in das Werkstück zu messen und das Bearbeitungsergebnis im Werkstück und den Verschleiß am Formkeil zu bewerten. Weiterhin wird eine rein theoretische Methode beschrieben, mit der die Berechnung der Umformkraft und darauf basierend der Furchmomente am Formkeil bzw. dem ganzen Gewindefurcher möglich ist. Durch die Kenntnis der berechneten Kräfte und Momente am einzelnen Formkeil bzw. dem Gewindefurcher kann bereits in der Konzeptionsphase eines Gewindefurchers eine Anpassung des Werkszeuges an die jeweiligen Bearbeitungsanforderungen durchgeführt werden, wodurch der Entwurf von Gewindefurchern wesentlich wirtschaftlicher realisierbar ist, als durch rein empirische Herangehensweisen.

Beschreibung von Oberflächenphänomenen durch relativistische Clusterrechnungen unter Verwendung eines Einbettungsverfahrens

For the theoretical investigation of local phenomena (adsorption at surfaces, defects or impurities within a crystal, etc.) one can assume that the effects caused by the local disturbance are only limited to the neighbouring particles. With this model, that is well-known as cluster-approximation, an infinite system can be simulated by a much smaller segment of the surface (Cluster). The size of this segment varies strongly for different systems. Calculations to the convergence of bond distance and binding energy of an adsorbed aluminum atom on an Al(100)-surface showed that more than 100 atoms are necessary to get a sufficient description of surface properties. However with a full-quantummechanical approach these system sizes cannot be calculated because of the effort in computer memory and processor speed. Therefore we developed an embedding procedure for the simulation of surfaces and solids, where the whole system is partitioned in several parts which itsself are treated differently: the internal part (cluster), which is located near the place of the adsorbate, is calculated completely self-consistently and is embedded into an environment, whereas the influence of the environment on the cluster enters as an additional, external potential to the relativistic Kohn-Sham-equations. The basis of the procedure represents the density functional theory. However this means that the choice of the electronic density of the environment constitutes the quality of the embedding procedure. The environment density was modelled in three different ways: atomic densities; of a large prepended calculation without embedding transferred densities; bulk-densities (copied). The embedding procedure was tested on the atomic adsorptions of 'Al on Al(100) and Cu on Cu(100). The result was that if the environment is choices appropriately for the Al-system one needs only 9 embedded atoms to reproduce the results of exact slab-calculations. For the Cu-system first calculations without embedding procedures were accomplished, with the result that already 60 atoms are sufficient as a surface-cluster. Using the embedding procedure the same values with only 25 atoms were obtained. This means a substantial improvement if one takes into consideration that the calculation time increased cubically with the number of atoms. With the embedding method Infinite systems can be treated by molecular methods. Additionally the program code was extended by the possibility to make molecular-dynamic simulations. Now it is possible apart from the past calculations of fixed cores to investigate also structures of small clusters and surfaces. A first application we made with the adsorption of Cu on Cu(100). We calculated the relaxed positions of the atoms that were located close to the adsorption site and afterwards made the full-quantummechanical calculation of this system. We did that procedure for different distances to the surface. Thus a realistic adsorption process could be examined for the first time. It should be remarked that when doing the Cu reference-calculations (without embedding) we begun to parallelize the entire program code. Only because of this aspect the investigations for the 100 atomic Cu surface-clusters were possible. Due to the good efficiency of both the parallelization and the developed embedding procedure we will be able to apply the combination in future. This will help to work on more these areas it will be possible to bring in results of full-relativistic molecular calculations, what will be very interesting especially for the regime of heavy systems.

Theoretical study of the structural dependence of nuclear quadrupole frequencies in high-T_c superconductors

The remarkable difference between the nuclear quadrupole frequencies v_Q of Cu(1) and Cu(2) in YBa_2Cu_3O_6 and YBa_2Cu_3O_7 is analyzed. We calculate the ionic contribution to the electric field gradients and estimate, by using experimental results for Cu_2O and La_2CuO_4, the contribution of the d valence electrons. Thus, we determine v_Q1, v_Q2, and the asymmetry parameter η for YBa_2Cu_3O_6 and YBa_2Cu_3O_7. The number of holes in dthe Cu-O planes and chains is found to be important for the different behavior of v_Q1 and v_Q2.

Unrestricted hartree-fock calculation of the ionization potential of small Hg_n clusters

The ionization potential of small Hg_n clusters has been calculated. For the first time good agreement with experimental results has been obtained. It is shown that interatomic Coulomb interactions are important. The energy of Hg_n^+ is calculated using the unrestricted inhomogeneous Hartree-Fock approximation. As a consequence of a change in the charge distribution in Hg_n^+ , we obtain an abrupt change in the slope of the ionization potential at the critical cluster size n_cr ~ 14. The presented results are expected to be valid for covalent clusters in between ionized van der Waals clusters and metallic clusters.

Calculation of the electronic properties of neutral and ionized divalent-metal clusters

The electronic properties of neutral and ionized divalent-metal clusters have been studied using a microscopic theory, which takes into account the interplay between van der Waals (vdW) and covalent bonding in the neutral clusters, and the competition between hole delocalization and polarization energy in the ionized clusters. By calculating the ground-state energies of neutral and ionized. Hg_n clusters, we determine the size dependence of the bond character and the ionization potential I_p(n). For neutral Hg_n clusters we obtain a transition from van del Waals to covalent behaviour at the critical size n_c ~ 10-20 atoms. Results for I_p(Hg_n) with n \le 20 are in good agreement with experiments, and suggest that small Hg_n^+ clusters can be viewed as consisting of a positive trimer core Hg_3^+ surrounded by n - 3 polarized neutral atoms.

An ab-initio calculation of the Coulomb explosion of N_2 after heavy-ion bombardement

Self-consistent-field calculations for the total potential energy of highly ionized N_2 molecules are presented. We compare these calculations to the experimentally observed energy released in the Coulomb explosion of ionized N_2 molecules created after collision with fast heavy ions. The most important electronic states of the fragment ions are determined.

Many-electron relativistic calculation and interpretation of atomic processes in time dependent heavy-ion scattering

The time dependence of a heavy-ion-atom collision system is solved via a set of coupled channel equations using energy eigenvalues and matrix elements from a self-consistent field relativistic molecular many-electron Dirac-Fock-Slater calculation. Within this independent particle model we give a full many-particle interpretation by performing a small number of single-particle calculations. First results for the P(b) curves for the Ne K-hole excitation for the systems F{^8+} - Ne and F{^6+} - Ne as examples are discussed.

Theoretical evidence for quasi-molecular structure at small internuclear distances in elastic ion-atom scattering

The potential energy curve of the system Ne-Ne is calculated for small internuclear distances from 0.005 to 3.0 au using a newly developed relativistic molecular Dirac-Fock-Slater code. A significant structure in the potential energy curve is found which leads to a nearly complete agreement with experimental differential elastic scattering cross sections. This demonstrates the presence of quasi-molecular effects in elastic ion-atom collisions at keV energies.