Some Incidents and Circumstances

- The first part of the document traces Mr. Haile’s lineage. His father, James Haile was a farmer. His grandfather, Amos Haile was a sailor for the early part of his life. He was placed on a British man-of- war in about 1758. He escaped and settled in Putney. (p.1) - His father’s mother’s maiden name was Parker. His mother’s maiden name was Campbell. Her father was a captain in the Revolutionary Army. (p.2) - His earliest memories revolve around the death of his aunt and the funeral of General Washington (although he did not witness this). At the time, his father was a Lieutenant in a regiment militia of Light Dragoons who wore red coats. (p.3) - In 1804, an addition was added to the Haile house which necessitated that William was to stay home to help with the building. He continued to study and read on his own. He was particularly interested in Napoleon Bonaparte’s victories. In that same year he was sent to Fairfield Academy where Reverend Caleb Alexander was the principal. (p.4) - On June 1, 1812, William was appointed as an Ensign in the Infantry of the Army of the United States. He was put into the recruiting service at Nassau (20 miles east of Albany) where he remained until September. (p.4) - He was assigned to the 11th Regiment of the W.S. Infantry and directed to proceed to Plattsburgh to report to Colonel Isaac Clark. (p.7) - He was assigned to the company commanded by Captain Samuel H. Halley who was not in the best of health and often absent. For a good part of the time William was in charge of the company. (p.8) - The 11th Regiment was encamped beside the 15th Regiment commanded by Col. Zebulon Montgomery Pike [Pike’s Peak was named after him]. Col. Pike generously drilled and disciplined the 11th Regiment since their officers didn’t seem capable of doing so. (p.8) - The first brigade to which William’s regiment was attached to was commanded by Brigadier General Bloomfield of New Jersey. Brigadier Chandler of Maine commanded the second brigade. (p.9) - At the beginning of November, Major General Dearborn took command of the army. He had been a good officer in his time, but William refers to him as “old and inefficient” earning him the nickname “Granny Dearborn” (p.9) - On November 17th, 1812, General Dearborn moved north with his army. The troops ended up in Champlain. There was no fighting, only a skirmish between a party of men under Colonel Pike and a few British troops who he succeeded in capturing. (p.10) - The troops were moved to barracks for the winter. Colonel Pike’s troops were put into suitable barracks and kept healthy but another part of the army (including the 11th Regiment) were sent to a barracks of green lumber north of Burlington. Disease soon broke out in the damp barracks and the hundreds of deaths soon followed. One morning, William counted 22 bodies who had died the previous night. He puts a lot of this down to an inexperienced commanding officer, General Chandler. (p.11) - At the beginning of 1813, William was stationed as a recruiter on the shore of Shoreham across from Fort Ticonderoga. In February, he returned to Burlington with his recruits. In March he received an order from General Chandler to proceed to Whitehall and take charge of the stores and provisions. In April and May it was decided that his half of the regiment (the First Battalion) should march to Sackett’s Harbour, Lake Ontario. They arrived at Sackett’s Harbour about the 10th of June, a few days after the Battle of Sackett’s Harbour. (p.12) - He was camped near the site of Fort Oswego and got word to head back to Sackett’s Harbour. A storm overtook the schooner that he was on. (p.14) - William was involved in the Battle of Williamsburg (or Chrysler’s Farm) which he calls a “stupid and bungling affair on the part of our generals”.(p. 18) - General Covington was wounded and died a few days after the battle. (p.19) - William speaks of being ill. The troops were ordered to march to Buffalo, but he is able to go to his father’s house in Fairfield where his mother nursed him back to health (p.23) - Upon arrival at Buffalo, the “old fogy Generals” were replaced with younger, more efficient men. (p.25) - On page 27 he sums up a few facts: In 1812, the army was assembled on Lake Champlain with the intention of capturing Montreal, and then Quebec. That year, under General Dearborn the army marched as far as Champlain, then turned back and went into winter quarters. In 1813, the army was assembled at Sackett’s Harbour and that year the campaign ended at French Mills which was 70 or 80 miles from Montreal. In 1814, the army at Buffalo were some 400 miles from Montreal with still the same object in view. - He says that these facts make “a riddle – difficult to explain”. (p.27) - On the evening of July 2nd they embarked on the boats with the objective of capturing Fort Erie. The enemy were all made prisoners of war (p.27) - On July 4th they went to Street’s Creek, 2 miles above the Chippewa [Chippawa] River (p.28) - Page 29 is titled The Battle of Chippewa [Chippawa] - He speaks of 2 drummers who were fighting over the possession of a drum when a cannonball came along and took of both of their heads (p.29) - He proclaims that this was one of the “most brilliant battles of the war”. The battle was fought and won in less than an hour after they left their tents. He credits General Scott with this success and states that was due to his rapid orders and movements. (p.30) - The dead of the battle remained on the field during the night. He describes this as quite gloomy seeing friend and foe lying side by side. At daybreak they set to work digging trenches to bury the dead. (p.31) - Colonel Campbell was wounded and advised to have his leg amputated. He refused, and subsequently died. (p.32) - It is said that the British threw several of their dead into the river and they went over the Falls. (p.32) - His troops repaired the bridge over Chippawa which the enemy had partially destroyed and then pursued the British as far as Queenston Heights. (p.32) - On pages 33 and 34 he speaks about meeting an old friend of his, Philip Harter. - The account ends at Queenston Heights

Niagara Falls Photo Album, 1906

One 18 cm. x 14 cm. soft cover photograph album. There is a label within the front cover which says “Photographs taken, finished and mounted by W.G. Moss, September 1906. To E.B. Nichols." There are 20 black and white photos within the album and one smaller photo affixed to the front cover. The photos include: the rapids in the Niagara River, the American Falls, Prospect Point, the Suspension Bridge, the Horseshoe Falls, the Maid of the Mist, the Canadian Falls, a peach orchard, a Lake Erie harbour tug in the Erie Canal, barges and the bridge at Middlesport. All of the photos are captioned in ink on the pages that the photos are affixed to and pages are divided by tissue guards.

Haplotype analysis suggest common founders in carriers of the recurrent BRCA2 mutation, 3398delAAAAG, in French Canadian hereditary breast and/ovarian cancer families

Affiliation: Faculté de médicine, Université de Montréal

Régulation dépendante du cycle cellulaire de la réparation par excision de nucléotides

La réparation par excision de nucléotides (NER) est une voie critique chez l'homme pour enlever des lésions qui déforment l’hélice d'ADN et qui bloquent à la fois la réplication et la transcription. Parmi ces lésions, il y a les dimères cyclobutyliques de pyrimidines (CPDs) et les adduits pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone (6-4PPs) induient par les rayons ultraviolets. L'importance physiologique de la NER est mise en évidence par l’existence de la maladie Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), causée par des mutations affectant des gènes impliqués dans cette voie de réparation. Les personnes atteintes sont caractérisées par une photosensibilité extrême et une forte prédisposition à développer des tumeurs cutanées (plus de 1000 fois). Les patients atteints du type variant de la maladie Xeroderma pigmentosum (XPV), apparemment compétents en réparation, portent plutôt des mutations dans le gène codant pour l'ADN polymérase η (polη). Polη est une ADN polymérase translésionnelle capable de contourner avec une grande fidélité certaines lésions telles que les CPDs, qui autrement bloquent les polymérases réplicatives. Ainsi, la polη prévient la formation de mutations et permet la reprise de la synthèse d'ADN. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'évaluer le rôle potentiel de voies de signalisation majeures dans la régulation de la NER, dont celles régulées par la kinase ATR (Ataxia Télangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase). Suite à l'irradiation UV, ATR est rapidement activée et phosphoryle des centaines de protéines qui régulent les points de contrôle du cycle cellulaire et joue un rôle notoire dans le maintient de la stabilité génomique. Nous avons postulé qu’ATR puisse réguler la NER de manière dépendante du cycle cellulaire. Cependant, tester cette hypothèse représente un grand défi car, pour des raisons techniques, les méthodes conventionnelles n’ont pas à ce jour été adaptées pour l'évaluation de la cinétique de réparation au cours des différentes phases du cycle cellulaire. Nous avons donc développé une méthode novatrice basée sur la cytométrie en flux permettant de quantifier avec grande précision la cinétique de réparation des 6-4PPs et CPDs dans chacune des phases G0/G1, S et G2/M. Avec cette nouvelle méthode, nous avons pu démontrer que l'inhibition d'ATR ou polη résulte en une très forte inhibition de la NER exclusivement durant la phase S du cycle cellulaire. Ces études ont révélé, pour la première fois, une fonction critique pour ces protéines dans le retrait des lésions qui bloquent la réplication. En outre, nous avons démontré que la synthèse d'ADN est indispensable pour l’inhibition de la réparation en phase-S, reflétant un lien potentiel entre la NER et la réplication. Curieusement, nous avons également montré que parmi six lignées cellulaires tumorales choisies aléatoirement, trois présentent une abrogation totale de la NER uniquement pendant la phase S, ce qui indique que de nombreux cancers humains pourraient être caractérisés par un tel défaut. Nos observations pourraient avoir d'importantes implications pour le traitement du cancer. En effet, le statut de la NER semble constituer un déterminant majeur dans la réponse clinique aux médicaments chimiothérapeutiques tels que le cisplatine, qui inhibent la croissance des cellules cancéreuses via l'induction de lésions à l’ADN.

La perception de l’ennemi japonais dans les médias écrits américains pendant la Deuxième Guerre mondiale

Ce mémoire offre un résumé de l’état de la recherche quant à la perception des Japonais et de l’ennemi japonais aux États-Unis avant et pendant la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. Il en ressort que la question plus spécifique du traitement réservé à l’ennemi japonais et à la responsabilité des actions de guerre perpétrées par celui-ci dans les journaux américains mérite d’être approfondie. L’analyse des articles publiés dans les trois mois suivant l’attaque japonaise de Pearl Harbour et précédant la fin officielle de la guerre dans trois grands périodiques américains de l’époque suggère que ceux-ci offrirent un traitement de l’ennemi japonais similaire à celui présent dans l’ensemble des autres média américains de l’époque, mais que ce traitement est généralement plus nuancé et éclaté dans les trois mois précédant la fin de la guerre. Certaines dissensions importantes peuvent y être constatée quant à la question de la responsabilité des actions de guerre japonaises entre les périodiques, ce qui suggère l’existence de points de vue, de valeurs et de perceptions différentes des Japonais aux États-Unis pendant la Deuxième Guerre mondiale.

Diversité et structure du zooplancton : importance pour la conservation de la biodiversité aquatique en zone urbaine

L'écologie urbaine est un nouveau champ de recherche qui cherche à comprendre les structures et les patrons des communautés et des écosystèmes situés dans des paysages urbains. Les petits plans d’eau sont connus comme des écosystèmes aquatiques qui peuvent contenir une biodiversité considérable pour plusieurs groupes taxonomiques (oiseaux, amphibiens, macroinvertébrés), ce qui en fait des écosystèmes intéressants pour les études de conservation. Cependant, la biodiversité du zooplancton, un élément central des réseaux trophiques aquatiques, n’est pas entièrement connue pour les plans d’eaux urbains et devrait être mieux décrite et comprise. Cette étude a évalué les patrons de biodiversité des communautés zooplanctoniques dans des plans d’eau urbains sur l’Ile de Montréal et leurs sources de variation. Des suggestions pour l’évaluation et la conservation de la biodiversité sont aussi discutées. La biodiversité zooplanctonique des plans d’eaux urbains s’est avérée être assez élevée, avec les cladocères et les rotifères montrant les contributions à la diversité gamma et bêta les plus élevées. Sur l’ensemble des plans d’eau, il y avait une corrélation négative entre les contributions à la bêta diversité des cladocères et des rotifères. Au niveau de chaque plan d'eau, la zone littorale colonisée par des macrophytes s'est avérée être un habitat important pour la biodiversité zooplactonique, contribuant considérablement à la richesse en taxons, souvent avec une différente composition en espèces. Les communautés zooplanctoniques répondaient aux facteurs ascendants et descendants, mais aussi aux pratiques d’entretien, car le fait de vider les plans d’eau en hiver affecte la composition des communautés zooplanctoniques. Les communautés de cladocères dans ces plans d’eau possédaient des quantités variables de diversité phylogénétique, ce qui permet de les classer afin de prioriser les sites à préserver par rapport à la diversité phylogénétique. Le choix des sites à préserver afin de maximiser la diversité phylogénétique devrait être correctement établi, afin d’eviter de faire des choix sous-optimaux. Cependant, pour des taxons tels que les cladocères, pour lesquels les relations phylogénétiques demeurent difficiles à établir, placer une confiance absolue dans un seul arbre est une procédure dangereuse. L’incorporation de l’incertitude phylogénétique a démontré que, lorsqu’elle est prise en compte, plusieurs différences potentielles entre la diversité phylogenétique ne sont plus supportées. Les patrons de composition des communautés différaient entre les plans d’eau, les mois et les zones d’échantillonnage. Etant donné les intéractions sont significatives entres ces facters; ceci indique que tous ces facteurs devraient êtres considérés. L’urbanisation ne semblait pas sélectionner pour un type unique de composition des groupes alimentaires, étant donné que les communautés pouvaient changer entres des assemblages de types alimentaires différents. Les variables environnementales, surtout la couverture du plan d’eau en macrophytes, étaient des facteurs importants pour la biodiversité zooplanctonique, affectant la richesse spécifique de divers groupes taxonomiques et alimentaires. Ces variables affectaient aussi la composition des communautés, mais dans une moindre mesure, étant des variables explicatives modestes, ce qui indiquerait le besoin de considérer d’autres processus.

Avec personne : Derek Parfit et la description impersonnelle de la réalité

L'ouvrage Reasons and Persons de Derek Parfit a souvent été interprété par la critique comme une résurrection de la conception humienne de l'identité personnelle, qui pensait la personne comme un simple agrégat de perceptions. De féroces débats se sont concentrés autour de cette inteprétation de Reasons and Persons dans la mesure où elle tend vers un fictionnalisme à propos de l'existence des personnes que des commentateurs comme Sydney Shoemaker et Quassim Cassam pensent carrément intenable. Malmené par la critique, Parfit développera plus tard une version plus subtile de sa théorie, en avançant la possible existence d'un schème conceptuel entièrement impersonnel qui posséderait un pouvoir explicatif et descriptif identique au nôtre. Nous examinerons comment il faut comprendre un tel schème conceptuel et présenterons quelques découvertes empiriques remettant en question la réelle équivalence d'un schème conceptuel impersonnel au nôtre.

Studies on the taxonomy of interstitial Fauna of some prominent beaches of Kerala

The oceans in their expanse cover, seven - tenths of the Earth surface. Despite being restricted in size, the littoral zone or the intertidal zone (beach) has the greatest variation in environment factors of any marine area .Stemming from this variation ,a treamendous diversity of life, which may be great as or greater than that found in the more extensive sub tidal habits exist in this realm. the study beaches harbour diverse and abundant assemblage of marine organisms. Besides macro funna, microscopic organisms belonging to the lower and higher invertebrate taxa profusely inhabit these beaches. The ecological realm where these animals exist is known as the interstitial environment, which in principle includes the pore spaces in between the sand grains containing copious supply of nutrient rich oxygenated seawater. An astonishing diversity of taxa could be found within the interstitial fauna.

Studies on Riverine Fishing Gears of Central Kerala

The overall focus of the thesis involves Studies on the riverine fishing geara of central kerala.Rivers and reservoirs of India harbour a rich and varied spectrum of fishes exceeding 400 species, which include commercially important fishes.The fish and fisheries play a crucial role in kerala's economy,employment generation ,food security and well being of its people.In the present study ,results of investigations conducted during 2001-2002 on riverine fishing gears of central kerala are presented along with detailed description of fishing gears,their distribution and operation covering aspects of selectivity and operational economics.Chapter I gives an introduction to the topiC of the study highlighting the relevance of the study and reviews of the existing literature on fishing gears and practices in riverine sector and sets out objectives of the study.The chapter 11 deals with the Materials and Methods used for the conduct of the investigations. In this chapter the area and the rivers selected for the study. reasons for the selection process and methodologies used for survey of riverine fishing gaear and investigations on design, structure and operation of different gear systems are presented.The chapter III discusses gillnet and its operation. Gill netting is one of the simplest and oldest methods of fishing. They are the most widely operated fishing gear in the rivers of Central Kerala. Gill netting being a low cost fishing method is of special interest for artisanal fisheries. Twenty different types of gillnets are operated in this sector.Chapter IV deals with cast nets. The origin and evolution of cast net has been briefly described in the introductory part.The chapter V deals with fishing lines, traps and other miscellaneous gears.This findings will be useful for riverine fishermen for deployment of appropriate gear systems during different seasons to ensure profitability of fishing operations.

Resource abundance and Survival of indigenous ornamental fishes of central Kerala with emphasis on handling and packing stress in Puntius filamentosus(VALENCIENNES)

This thesis Entitled Resource abundance and survival of indigenous ornamental fishes of central kerala with emphasis on handling and packing stress in puntius filamentosus (valenciennes).Kerala state is endowed with 41 west flowing and three east flowing rivers originating in the Western Ghats. These rivers and their vast network of tributaries and distributaries harbour rich and diversified fish fauna. Most of the freshwater fishes available in Kerala are highly appreciated as ornamental fishes in the national and international markets.Today the ornamental fish industry is one of the largest industries all over the world. The demand for ornamental fishes has been increasing steadily with the enlargement of the industry, such that the current demand for indigenous ornamental fishes have exceeded the supply. This has led to serious concern about the resources available in the country that can be utilised judiciously for the economic benefit of the state. With an aim to fill up the lacuna, a database of freshwater ornamental fishes of Kerala was created as part of the present study. Ornamental fishes destined for export marketing should thrive well in the aquarium conditions.The study reiterates fishes caught from different environmental conditions and feeding habits have a greater ability to adapt and acclimatise to an entirely new environment and food habits. Marketing studies based on the statistics available with Marine Products Export Development Authority show that these species are not being exported at the required level over the past 6 years, when compared to the availability in the water bodies of Kerala. Sustainable utilisation of these resources from the wild using modern management principles and code of conduct for responsible fishing are advisable until captive breeding technology is popularised.

Physiological effects of copper (II) on sunetta scripta L.

In India industrial pollution has become a subject of increasing concern.Incidents of industrial pollution have been reported from many parts of the country. Cochin, the collection site of the present study, being the industrial capital of Kerela is also a harbour, is vulnerable to pollution by trace metal contaminants. In the recent times, pollutants of greatest concern in the aquatic environment are those which are persistent such as toxic heavy metals and the chlorinated hydrocarbons which include insecticides and pesticides.The animals collected from the clam bed situated on the northern side af Cochin bermouth are subject to wide fluctuations in salinity both seasonal and tidal. also; salinity is considered as an important parameter influencing the.-physiological functioning of an organism. Hence, the salinity tolerance of the animal is worked out. Considering the potential vulnerability of Cochin backwaters to heavy metal pollution, the impact of heavy metal copper (II) on the bivalve Sunetta sripta was conceived. Static bioassays were conducted for the determination of the sublethal concentrations of the metal as a preliminary step towards the toxicity studies. Oxygen consumption and filtration rate which are considered as reliable sublethal toxicity indices were employed for investigating the toxic effects of the metal. Bioaccumulation, a physiological phenomenon which can be of importance from the public health point of view, and also in the assessment of environmental quality is also dealt with.

Strait dynamics of tropical tidal inlets

The dynamics and associated stability analysis of tidal inlets situated on the southwest coast of India, namely Andhakaranazhi (90 45 J OO JJN and 760 17 J 29 JJ E) and the other at Cochin harbour inlet (90 58 1 04 J1N and 760 14 1 50 1J E) have beenconducted. A detailed study on the inlet regime of Cochin barmouth (permanent in nature) was attempted so as to elucidate information on: (a) channel characteristics (b) tidal hydraulics and (c) stability of the inlet. In this connection, a naturally occurring seasonal sandbar formation at Andhakaranazhi, near Sherthallay, about 20 km south of Cochin inlet, was also chosen as a site ofstudy brought out conclusively the dynamical study. The aspects of ( 1) tidal influx/out flux (2) channel morphology (3) sedimentation regime and (4) stability and factors related to stability of these locations. The above aspects are supported by suitable mathematical formulations to describe the associated coastal processes, wherever applicable

Studies on coagulase-positive staphylococci and Vibrio parahaemollticus in selected items of fish, crustaceans and fishery products

In India much work has been done on different aspects of quality of processed fish and fishery products (Pillai et al., 1965; Iyer and Chaudhuri, 1966; Iyer et al., 1966; Sreenivasan and Joseph, 1966; Pillai and Rao, 1969; Mathen et al., 1975; Valsan et al., 1985) and standards have been formulated for almost all the fishery products. Quality standards for fresh fish cover only a few fish species available in the markets. For the formulation and recommendation of quality standards for fish and fishery products for domestic trade detailed background informations are necessary. Khot et al., (1982), Valsan et al. J (1985) and Iyer et al. (1986) have reported on the bacterial flora of sea foods at retail level in Bombay. Cochin is a major fish landing centre of the south west coast of India, and an average of 25,000. tonnes of fish/shell fish are landed annually at this harbour which is about 10 percent of the total catch of fish in Kerala (Lakshmanan -et -al., 1984). All the varieties of marine, brackish water and fresh water fishes are available in Cochln throughout the year for catering to Its cosmopolitan. population and informations regarding their bacteriological quality are scanty. Hence the present study was undertaken to investigate the bacteriological quality of fish and fishery products available in the markets and cold storages situated in and around Cochin meant for internal consumption.

Studies on sphaeroma terebrans bate of the port of Cochi

Sphaeroma terebrans Bate, one of the most destructive wood-boring isopod crustacean occurring in the Cochin harbour region was taken up for investigations on its habitat, breeding, attack on timber, salinity tolerance and respiration. The respiration of the animal under different stresses was noted using an instrument fabricated in the laboratory. Of the various hydrographic conditions of the Cochin harbour region studied, salinity is found to be the most fluctuating factor and the variations are largely influenced by the seasonal rain fall from one side and the tidal currents on the other.In spite of the great fluctuations in salinity, Sphaeroma terebrans occurs throughout the year in the Cochin harbour region, though their number varies in different months. Exposure tests show that Sphaeroma terebrans can remain for about 20 to 24 hours outside water in a damp atmosphere.