The influence of temperature of three adhesive systems on bonding to ground enamel

This study evaluated the microtensile bond strength test (mu T), micromorphology of resin-enamel interface (RET) and etching patterns (EP) promoted by the etch-and-rinse adhesive, Prime&Bond NT (PB), and two self-etching adhesives, Clearfil SE Bond (SE) and Adper Prompt L-Pop (APR), to ground bovine enamel surfaces' when applied at temperatures of 5 degrees C (C), 40 degrees C (H) and 20 degrees C (R). Materials and Methods. Sixty-three bovine incisors were randomly divided into nine experimental groups (n=7) according to adhesive systems and temperatures. The buccal enamel surfaces were flattened with 600-grit SiC paper and abraded with a diamond bur under water-cooling. The adhesive systems were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. After the restorative procedures, the specimens were sectioned into five slabs. Four slabs were prepared for mu T and one for interface analysis. For etching pattern analysis, the remaining 16 bovine enamel fragments were used (n=2). The adhesives were applied and the surfaces were rinsed with organic solvents after application. The specimens for RET and EP analysis were prepared for SEM analysis. Results. No significant differences among the adhesives were found at R temperature. However, at 5 degrees C, PB and APR presented lower bond strength than SE. At H temperature, higher bond strength was observed for PB than for APR and SE. At C and H temperature, formation of the interdiffusion zone was impaired and the treated enamel surfaces presented an undefined EP.

Human pulp response after an adhesive system application in deep cavities

Objectives: To evaluate the pulpo-dentin complex response to a dentin adhesive application in deep cavities performed in human teeth.Methods: Deep class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of 46 premolars. The remaining dentin of the axial wall received 10% phosphoric acid and dentin adhesive (group DA), or was protected before the acid and dentin adhesive application with calcium hydroxide cement (group CH). Half of the teeth, which received the acid application directly over the axial wall, were contaminated prior to the procedures with dental plaque collected from the patient's own teeth (group DAC). The plaque was placed on the dentin for 5 min and then the cavity was washed. All teeth were restored with a light-cured composite resin. The teeth were extracted after 7, 30 or 60 days and prepared according to normal histologic techniques. Serial sections were stained with WE, Masson's trichrome and Brown & Brenn technique for demonstration of bacteria.Results: the histopathologic evaluation showed that in groups DA and DAC, the inflammatory response was more evident than in group CH. Also, the intensity of the pulp reaction increased as the remaining dentin thickness decreased. There was no statistical difference in the inflammatory response between the groups DA and DAC.Conclusion: Based on the experimental conditions, we concluded that the All Bond 2 adhesive system, when applied on dentin in deep cavities, showed an acceptable biocompatibility. However, the intensity of the pulpo-dentin complex response depends on the remaining dentin thickness. (C) 1999 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Biocompatibility of an adhesive system and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate

The aim of the study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of an adhesive system and a resin component when implanted into connective tissue of rats. Forty sponges embedded in both materials: Scotchbond MP (SBMP/3M - Group A) and 2 - hydroxyethyl-methacrylate (HEMA - Group B), were implanted into dorsal connective tissue of 20 animals. After 7, 15, 30, or 60 days of the implantation, the animals were sacrificed; implant sites were excised and immersed for 24 hours in Kamovisky's fixative. The samples were processed under routine histologic technique, being stained with H & E. Histological evaluation showed that both materials promoted at 7 days intense inflammatory response with predominance of neutrophils and macrophages. The intense connective reaction was replaced for fibroblastic proliferation associated with macrophages and foreign body giant cells over time. The persistent moderate inflammatory reaction adjacent to scattered fragments of materials was greater to HEMA than to the SBMP. Both experimental materials did not show acceptable biocompatibility with connective tissue of rats in spite of allowing an evident connective tissue healing.

Bond Strength of Two-Step Etch-and-Rinse Adhesive Systems to the Dentin of Primary and Permanent Teeth

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Transdentinal diffusion and cytotoxicity of self-etching adhesive systems

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Effect of chlorhexidine on bond strength of two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive systems to dentin of primary and permanent teeth

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influence of human dentine on the antibacterial activity of self-etching adhesive systems against cariogenic bacteria

Objectives: The incorporation of antibacterial agents into adhesive systems has been proposed to eliminate residual bacteria from dentine. This study used the agar diffusion method to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Clearfil Protect Bond (CPB), Clearfil SE Bond (CSEB), Clearfil Tri-S Bond (C3SB) and Xeno-III (XIII) self-etching adhesive systems, with or without light-activation, against cariogenic bacteria, and to assess the influence of human dentine on the antibacterial activity of these materials.Methods: An aliquot of 10 mu l per material (and individual components) were pipetted onto paper and dentine discs distributed in Petri dishes containing bacterial culture in BHI agar. Positive control was 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX).Results: After incubation, the adhesive components of CPB and CSEB, liquid A of XIII and C3SB did not present antibacterial activity when applied to paper discs. The non-light-activated CPB primer + adhesive promoted the greatest inhibition of Streptococcus mutans (p < 0.05), whereas with light-activation, there was no significant difference between primer + adhesive and primer alone. For Lactobacillus acidophilus, CPB primer presented the greatest antibacterial activity in both light-activation conditions (p < 0.05). Regarding the dentine discs, only CHX promoted an inhibitory effect, though less intense than on paper discs (p < 0.05). CHX presented greater antibacterial activity against S. mutans than against L. acidophilus (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Light-activation significantly reduced the antibacterial activity of the self-etching adhesive systems; MDPB incorporation contributed to the effect of adhesive systems against cariogenic bacteria; the components eluted from the adhesive systems were not capable to diffuse through 400 mu m-thick dentine disc to exert their antibacterial activity against cariogenic bacteria. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Utilization of autogenous bone, bioactive glasses, and calcium phosphate cement in surgical mandibular bone defects in Cebus apella monkeys

Purpose: the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the histologic results of bone cavities that were surgically created in the mandibles of Cebus apella monkeys and filled with autogenous bone, PerioGlas, FillerBone, or Bone Source. Materials and Methods: Surgical cavities 5 mm in diameter were prepared through both mandibular cortices in the mandibular angle region. The cavities were randomly filled, and the animals were divided into groups according to the material employed: Group 1 cavities were filled with autogenous corticocancellous bone; group 2 cavities were filled with calcium phosphate cement (BoneSource); and group 3 and group 4 cavities were filled with bioactive glass (FillerBone and PerioGlas, respectively). After 180 days the animals were sacrificed, and specimens were prepared following routine laboratory procedures for hematoxylin/eosin staining and histologic evaluation. Results: the histologic analysis showed that autogenous bone allowed total repair of the bone defects; bioactive glasses (FillerBone and PerioGlas) allowed total repair of the defects with intimate contact of the remaining granules and newly formed bone; and the cavities filled with calcium phosphate cement (BoneSource) were generally filled by connective fibrous tissue, and the material was almost totally resorbed. Discussion: the autogenous bone, FillerBone, and PerioGlas provided results similar to those in the current literature, showing that autogenous bone is the best Choice for filling critical-size defects. Synthetic implanted materials demonstrated biocompatibility, but the bioglasses demonstrated osteoconductive activity that did not occur with calcium phosphate (BoneSource). Conclusion: According to the methodology used in this study, it can be concluded that the utilization of autogenous bone and bioactive glasses permitted the repair of surgically created critical-size defects by newly formed bone; the synthetic implanted materials demonstrated biocompatibility, and the bioactive glasses demonstrated osteoconductive activity. The PerioGlas was mostly resorbed and replaced by bone and the remaining granules were in close contact with bone; the FillerBone showed many granules in contact with the newly formed bone; BoneSource did not permit repair of the critical-size defects, and the defects were generally filled by connective fibrous tissue.

Long-term treatment with alendronate increases the surgical difficulty during simple exodontias - an in vivo observation in Holtzman rats

Background: Atraumatic teeth extractions protocols are highly encouraged in patients taking bisphosphonates (Bps) to reduce surgical trauma and, consequently, the risk of jaws osteonecrosis development. In this way, this paper aims to report the findings of increased surgical difficulty during simple exodontias in animals treated with bisphosphonates.Methods: Sixty male Holtzman rats were randomly distributed into three groups of 20 animals and received daily subcutaneous administration of 1 mg/kg (AL1) or 3 mg/kg (AL3) of alendronate or saline solution (CTL). After 60 days of drug therapy all animals were submitted to first lower molars extractions under general anesthesia. Operatory surgical time and the frequency of teeth fractures were measured as principal outcomes and indicators of surgical difficulty degree.Results: Animals treated with alendronate (AL1 and AL3) were associated to higher operatory times and increased frequency of teeth fractures compared to match controls.Conclusions: The bisphosphonate therapy may be associated with an increased surgical difficulty and trauma following simple exodontias protocols, which is considered a critical issue when it comes to osteonecrosis development.

The Short-Term Effectiveness of Non-Surgical Treatment in Reducing Levels of Interleukin-1 beta and Proteases in Gingival Crevicular Fluid From Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Periodontitis

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Clinical and Microbiologic Follow-Up Evaluations After Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment With Erbium:YAG Laser and Scaling and Root Planing

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Tunnel technique with a surgical maneuver to increase the graft extension: Case report with a 3-year follow-up

Background: This article reports a clinical case with a 3-year follow-up in which a subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) was used with the tunnel technique to treat multiple gingival recessions, and describes a technique used to enlarge the extension of the graft.Methods: A 41 -year-old female patient was referred for evaluation and treatment of maxillary multiple recessions. Following basic therapy, the plaque index was 23%, and the gingival index was 12%. Thus, SCTG with the tunnel technique was proposed to provide root coverage of Miller Class I recession on teeth #8 through #11 and a Miller Class III recession on tooth #12. After the donor area had been prepared, SCTG was removed and split cross-sectionally to lengthen it. The graft was placed through the tunnel and sutured.Results: Two weeks after the surgical procedure, the tissue color was nearly homogeneous with some reddish regions where the connective tissue was left uncovered, and there were no signs of incisions or suture marks. After 3 years of follow-up, the mean coverage of the recessions was 2.2 +/- 0.7 mm (74.2%), which corresponded to the gain of keratinized tissue. In addition, a gain in tissue thickness was observed.Conclusion: In a long-term evaluation, the tunnel technique with the elongated SCTG was used successfully for treatment of multiple gingival recessions with an increase of the soft tissue volume and gain of keratinized tissue.

Current status of pulp capping with dentin adhesive systems: a review

Several studies have assessed the morphology and thickness of hybrid layer, the dentin bend strengths as well as sealing ability of dentin adhesive systems. However, few in vivo studies have evaluated the biocompatibility of the adhesive systems following application to deep dentin or directly to the pulp of human teeth. Many studies performed in non-human primate teeth or teeth of rats have reported pulp healing and dentin bridging following pulp capping with bonding agents. In addition, a few clinical and radiographical reports of the success of resin pulp capping have been described in the dental literature.Objectives: the aim of this review was to evaluate the literature on pulp responses following total acid etching and application of adhesive resins on deep cavities or pulp exposures. In addition, the clinical/radiographical evidence for the apparent success of vital pulp therapy and results obtained from animal and human studies were compared and discussed.Significance and conclusions: the self-etching adhesive systems may be useful and safe when applied on dentin, In contrast, persistent inflammatory reactions as well as delay in pulpal healing and failure of dentin bridging were seen in human pulps capped with bonding agents. The results observed in animal teeth cannot be directly extrapolated to human clinical conditions. Consequently, vital pulp therapy using acidic agents and adhesive resins seems to be contraindicated. (C) 2000 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Human pulpal response to direct pulp capping with an adhesive system

Purpose: To evaluate clinically and microscopically the human pulp response when directly capped with an adhesive system or calcium hydroxide over short (9-12 days) and long (53-204 days) experimental periods. Materials and Methods: Fifty-one sound human premolars scheduled for orthodontic extraction, had their pulp horns gently exposed with a diamond point. Debris in the pulp wound was washed out with a sterile saline solution. The pulps were then capped with either an adhesive system (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus) or calcium hydroxide. All teeth were subsequently restored with resin-based composite (Z-100) according to the manufacturer's instructions. After the experimental periods, the teeth were extracted and processed for light microscopic examination. Results: Short-term: the pulp tissue capped with SBMP-P exhibited dilated and congested blood vessels associated with a mo;derate inflammatory response and blanching of pulp cell nuclei. Long-term: no evidence of healing and bridge formation was observed. A persistent mild inflammatory pulp response was present. Micro-abscesses were detected in three cases associated with bacterial infiltration. Calcium hydroxide stimulated early pulp repair and dentin bridging which extended into the longest period.

Response of human pulps capped with different self-etch adhesive systems

The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of human pulps capped with a calcium hydroxide hard-setting cement or with two-step self-etch adhesive systems. Pulp exposures were performed on the occlusal floor, and the bleeding control was performed with saline solution. The exposed pulp tissue was capped with Clearfil LB 2V (2V) or Clearfil SE Bond (SE) and restored with a composite resin. In control group, the pulpal wound was capped with Ca(OH)(2) cement and restored with Clearfil LB 2V or Clearfil SE Bond + composite resin. After 30 and 90 days, the teeth were extracted, processed for hematoxylin and eosin, and categorized in a histological score system. The pulpal response was worse for groups capped with the self-etch adhesive systems (2V and SE) in both periods of evaluation, when compared to their respective control groups at 90 days (p < 0.05). For both self-etch systems evaluated, the pulp tissue exhibited moderate to severe inflammatory cell infiltrate involving the coronal pulp with chronic abscesses. Dentin bridging was observed in a few specimens. For the calcium hydroxide groups, almost all specimens showed dentin bridge formation, with few scattered inflammatory cells and normal tissue below the pulp exposure site. Calcium hydroxide should be used as the material of choice for pulp capping, and the use of two-step self-etch adhesives for human pulp capping is contraindicated.