Criteris per a la selecció del material fonètic en intervenció logopèdica en trastorns de la veu

L'educació i la reeducació de la veu tenen un llarg recorregut professional. A partir dels coneixements i de les tècniques provinents del món del cant i de la medicina, s'ha anat constituint un corpus de practiques professionals d'efectivitat contrastada en l'exercici quotidià. Componen una part d'aquest corpus les vocalitzacions que el pacient practica en les sessions terapèutiques. Aquest article pretén explicar les bases fisiològiques per escollir quin material fonètic s'empra en aquests exercicis.

JNK3 maintains expression of the insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) in insulin-secreting cells: functional consequences for insulin signaling.

We have recently shown that silencing of the brain/islet specific c-Jun N-terminal Kinase3 (JNK3) isoform enhances both basal and cytokine-induced beta-cell apoptosis, whereas silencing of JNK1 or JNK2 has opposite effects. While it is known that JNK1 or JNK2 may promote apoptosis by inhibiting the activity of the pro-survival Akt pathway, the effect of JNK3 on Akt has not been documented. This study aims to determine the involvement of individual JNKs and specifically JNK3 in the regulation of the Akt signaling pathway in insulin-secreting cells. JNK3 silencing strongly decreases Insulin Receptor Substrate 2 (IRS2) protein expression, and blocks Akt2 but not Akt1 activation by insulin, while the silencing of JNK1 or JNK2 activates both Akt1 and Akt2. Concomitantly, the silencing of JNK1 or JNK2, but not of JNK3, potently phosphorylates the glycogen synthase kinase3 (GSK3β). JNK3 silencing also decreases the activity of the transcription factor Forkhead BoxO3A (FoxO3A) that is known to control IRS2 expression, in addition to increasing c-Jun levels that are known to inhibit insulin gene expression. In conclusion, we propose that JNK1/2 on one hand and JNK3 on the other hand, have opposite effects on insulin-signaling in insulin-secreting cells; JNK3 protects beta-cells from apoptosis and dysfunction mainly through maintenance of a normal IRS2 to Akt2 signaling pathway. It seems that JNK3 mediates its effects mainly at the transcriptional level, while JNK1 or JNK2 appear to mediate their pro-apoptotic effect in the cytoplasm.

Consells d’extracció i conservació del material arqueològic in situ

Aquest petit treball pretén esdevenir una guia bàsica per aquells arqueòlegs que desconeixen l’aspecte conservatiu dels materials arqueològics. Així, en primer lloc analitzarem, a grans trets, la composició físicoquímica dels diferents objectes que podem trobar en una excavació i quins són els agents que més els malmeten. Després tractarem d’introduir alguns consells pràctics pel treball de camp.

Montmorillonite clay based polyurethane nanocomposite as substrate for retinal pigment epithelial cell growth.

The subretinal transplantation of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE cells) grown on polymeric supports may have interest in retinal diseases affecting RPE cells. In this study, montmorillonite based polyurethane nanocomposite (PU-NC) was investigated as substrate for human RPE cell growth (ARPE-19 cells). The ARPE-19 cells were seeded on the PU-NC, and cell viability, proliferation and differentiation were investigated. The results indicated that ARPE-19 cells attached, proliferated onto the PU-NC, and expressed occludin. The in vivo ocular biocompatibility of the PU-NC was assessed by using the HET-CAM; and through its implantation under the retina. The direct application of the nanocomposite onto the CAM did not compromise the vascular tissue in the CAM surface, suggesting no ocular irritancy of the PU-NC film. The nanocomposite did not elicit any inflammatory response when implanted into the eye of rats. The PU-NC may have potential application as a substrate for RPE cell transplantation.

New Operation Model for Maintenance Material Logistics in Paper Industry

This research report illustrates and examines new operation models for decreasing fixed costs and transforming them into variable costs in the field of paper industry. The report illustrates two cases - a new operation model for material logistics in maintenance and an examination of forklift truck fleet outsourcing solutions. Conventional material logistics in maintenance operation is illustrated and some problems related to conventional operation are identified. A new operation model that solves some of these problems is presented including descriptions of procurement and service contracts and sources of added value. Forklift truck fleet outsourcing solutions are examined by illustrating the responsibilities of a host company and a service provider both before and after outsourcing. The customer buys outsourcingservices in order to improve its investment productivity. The mechanism of how these services affect the customer company's investment productivity is illustrated.

Numerical analysis of including phase change material in a domestic hot water cylinder

The domestic hot water cylinder incorporates encapsulated pcm placed in 57 vertical pipes. The use of PCM increases the thermal energy storage capacity of the cylinder and allows the use of low cost electricity during low peak periods. After experimental validation the numerical model developed in the project will be used to optimize the distribution of the pcm inside the water tank.

Disseny i implementació d'una aplicació de suport a l'edició i sincronització de material didàctic multimèdia amb SMIL

Hem dissenyat un sistema de presentacions interactives que sincronitza diferents continguts multimèdia utilitzant el llenguatge SMIL. Aquests continguts són: un vídeo on un professor presenta una matèria, un seguit de transparències que il·lustren la seva presentació i una taula de continguts que en mostra un esquema i permet navegar-hi. També hem creat una aplicació que facilitarà l'edició d'aquestes presentacions.

Material Market

El proyecto está basado en un sistema que denominaremos Material Market a lo largo de todo el trabajo. La idea que subyace detrás de este Market es un sistema que gestiona la compra-venta de materiales por parte de los usuarios del sistema.

Influence of the substrate in germination of lychee seeds

The lychee is, all over the world, considered as the "queen of the fruits" due to the delicacy of its appearance and flavor. Although it was only recently that it started to have economical importance in Brazil, the lychee is already calling the attention of numerous farmers, mainly those who cultivate citric fruits and/or sugarcane in the State of São Paulo, due to the constant and at the same time growing necessity of finding new alternative crops. Considering that the commercial cultivation of lychee plants in the field requires the previous obtainment of rootstocks viewing to reduce the genetic variability and the length of the juvenile period displayed by plants resulting directly from the seeds, finding ways to improve the germination performance of lychee seeds for the production of rootstock plants is of considerable economic importance. Thus, the objective of this experiment was to test five substrates for the germination of lychee seeds: (1) vermiculite, (2) washed sand, (3) filter paper, (4) carbonized rice hull, and (5) sphagnum. The results showed that the period of time required by a lychee seed to germinate is a short one thus reinforcing the importance of providing a suitable substrate for the germination to take place. It was found that the substrates which apparently allowed the best combinations of water and oxygen availability for the seeds - washed sand and carbonized rice hull - were those leading to the fastest and highest germination values.

Mancha fisiológica do mamão: uma perspectiva de obtenção de material genético tolerante

A ocorrência do distúrbio fisiológico conhecido como "Mancha Fisiológica do Mamão" (MFM) tem comprometido a qualidade do mamão (Carica papaya L.) produzido no Brasil. A obtenção de material genético tolerante à MFM faz parte das estratégias de ação de médio a longo prazo para minimizar os prejuízos decorrentes da ocorrência desse distúrbio. No presente trabalho, buscou-se avaliar a tolerância de vinte e dois híbridos de mamão à ocorrência da MFM, na região norte do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os frutos foram colhidos de um ensaio de competição instalado na Estação Experimental da PESAGRO-Rio, no município de Macaé-RJ. O ensaio consistiu de quatro repetições, num delineamento em blocos ao acaso, sendo que cada parcela foi constituída de oito plantas. Os dados foram submetidos a uma análise de variância e teste de média. Efetuou-se, inicialmente, uma análise conjunta, envolvendo os dois estádios de maturação avaliados - verde-maduro e ¾ maduro; considerando a significância da interação Estádio x Genótipo, procedeu-se a uma análise específica, por estádio de desenvolvimento do fruto. Em função da análise de variância, também, foi calculado o coeficiente de determinação genotípica (H²) para o caráter em estudo, o qual demonstrou que a avaliação do nível de severidade da MFM, no estádio ¾ maduro, caracteriza melhor as diferenças genotípicas. Com base nesses resultados, inferimos que há uma expressiva variabilidade genética, para o caráter MFM, dentre os genótipos avaliados. Isto sugere um bom potencial em se obter, através do melhoramento genético, material vegetal (híbridos e variedades) com maior tolerância à MFM. O melhoramento genético associado ao manejo do ambiente poderá permitir o cultivo do mamoeiro sem as limitações advindas da ocorrência da MFM.

Testing the influence of topography and material properties on catchment-scale soil moisture patterns using remotely sensed vegetation patterns in a humid temperate catchment, northern Britain

In order to evaluate the relationship between the apparent complexity of hillslope soil moisture and the emergent patterns of catchment hydrological behaviour and water quality, we need fine-resolution catchment-wide data on soil moisture characteristics. This study proposes a methodology whereby vegetation patterns obtained from high-resolution orthorectified aerial photographs are used as an indicator of soil moisture characteristics. This enables us to examine a set of hypotheses regarding what drives the spatial patterns of soil moisture at the catchment scale (material properties or topography). We find that the pattern of Juncus effusus vegetation is controlled largely by topography and mediated by the catchment's material properties. Characterizing topography using the topographic index adds value to the soil moisture predictions relative to slope or upslope contributing area (UCA). However, these predictions depart from the observed soil moisture patterns at very steep slopes or low UCAs. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Influência da fonte material e do tempo de cura na propagação vegetativa da pitaya vermelha (Hylocereus undatus Haw)

A pitaya vermelha é uma cactácea cujos frutos são de interesse comercial crescente por produtores e consumidores. No entanto, ainda há diversos aspectos sobre seu cultivo que precisam ser elucidados, proporcionando rentabilidade ao produtor. Diante disso, realizou-se o presente trabalho, que teve como objetivo obter informações quanto à propagação vegetativa desta fruteira, utilizando-se de diferentes fontes de material em função do tempo de cura. O experimento foi realizado no Ripado de Fruticultura, pertencente ao Departamento de Produção Vegetal da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - Unesp - Câmpus de Jaboticabal-SP, utilizando estacas de plantas de pitaya de diferentes origens (planta adulta, estacas de brotações de plantas adultas recém-enraizadas e planta em início de desenvolvimento, originária de semente), submetidas a 3 períodos de cura: 0; 7 e 14 dias. As avaliações foram quanto a: enraizamento; volume de raiz; comprimento da maior raiz (cm); massas fresca e seca das raízes (gramas); número e tamanho das brotações nas estacas (cm). Foram realizadas 5 repetições, com 10 estacas cada, totalizando 150 estacas de cada material. Nas condições em que o experimento foi realizado, pode-se concluir que a estaquia deve ser realizada tão logo feita a segmentação dos cladódios e que as estacas obtidas de brotações de plantas recém-enraizadas apresentam melhores resultados.

Growth of lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) plants affected by salinity and substrate

The effects of 0, 30 and 60 mM NaCl and substrates (red peat, sand or 3:1:1 [w/w] mixture of peat, sand, or soil) on vegetative growth of lulo, an Andean fruit species, during 12 weeks were studied. The experiment was carried out by using 2000 cm³ of polypropylene plastic pots under greenhouse conditions. Plant height, number of leaves and nodes, leaf area, total plant dry matter (DM), and shoot/root ratio were evaluated. With the increase of salt concentration, the plant height, the number of leaves and nodes, the leaf areas and plant dry mass DM decreased, whereas shoot/root ratio increased. Sand grown lulo plants were most affected by salinity and presented total mortality at 60 mM NaCl. On the other hand, plants held either in peat or in substrate mixture developed larger height, greater leaf and node numbers, higher leaf area and dry matter content. Shoot/root ratio in control (soil) and sand-grown plants (30 mM NaCl) was lower.

Valoración del estudiantado sobre el uso del material interactivo en materias de la Universidad de Lleida

El trabajo se centra en el uso de contenidos digitales como objeto de aprendizaje en asignaturas de la Universidad de Lleida. El estudio se realizó en estudiantado el curso 2010-2011 a partir de un cuestionario. La finalidad era averiguar cuál es el formato que el estudiantado considera más útil durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes valoran positivamente los contenidos interactivos, pero prefieren disponer del texto para estudiar.

Delivery of European Cross-Border Health Care and the Relevance and Effects of EU Regulations and Judicial Processes with Reference to Delivery of Drugs and Blood Donor Information Material.

Valtion rajat ylittävät terveyspalvelut Euroopan unionissa sekä Euroopan unionin säädösten merkitys ja vaikutus erityisesti lääkejakeluun ja verenluovuttajille jaettavaan tiedotusaineistoon Valtion rajat ylittävä terveydenhuolto on suuren kiinnostuksen kohteena Euroopan unionissa. Resurssien hyödyntäminen parhaalla mahdollisella tavalla ja tiedon keskittäminen ovat tarpeen terveydenhuollon kustannusten alati noustessa. Terveydenhuoltopalvelut kuuluvat Euroopan sisämarkkinoiden vapaan liikkuvuuden piiriin. Euroopan unionilla ei ole kuitenkaan toimivaltaa säädellä terveydenhuoltojärjestelmiä, vaan sen mahdollisuudet ovat enimmäkseen kansanterveyden edistämisessä ja suojelussa, myös muilla toimialueilla kuin terveydenhuollossa. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli tutkia Euroopan unionin säädösten vaikutusta terveydenhuoltosektoriin, erityisesti valtion rajat ylittäviin terveydenhuoltopalveluihin. Erityiskohteena olivat lääkemääräyksen toimittaminen toisen Euroopan unionin jäsenmaan apteekista, resepti-lääkkeiden maahantuonti omaan henkilökohtaiseen käyttöön, sähköisen lääkemääräyksen käyttö kansallisesti ja mahdollisuudet sen käyttöön eri jäsenmaiden välillä, online-apteekkien soveltuvuus Euroopan unionin sisämarkkinoille sekä verenluovuttajille jaettavan tiedotusaineiston yhtenäistämistarve Euroopan unionin alueella. Tutkimuksen osa-alueiden aineisto koottiin vuosina 1999–2003, jolloin Euroopan unioniin kuului 15 jäsenmaata. Apteekit toimittivat useimmiten myös ei-kansalliset, toisessa Euroopan unionin jäsenmaassa annetut lääkemääräykset. Kaikki jäsenmaat rajoittivat lääkemääräyksen vaativien lääkkeiden maahantuontia. Rajoituksia oli maahantuontimäärissä ja -tavoissa. Lisäksi sairasvakuutuskorvausten saaminen ulkomailla lunastetuista reseptilääkkeistä oli hankalaa. Sähköiset lääkemääräykset olivat käytössä vain kahdessa maassa, mutta useissa maissa suunniteltiin niiden kokeilua. Standardit ja käyttöjärjestelmät olivat erilaisia eri maissa. Euroopan unionin alueelle on perustettu online-apteekkeja, joiden toiminta on kuitenkin vaatimatonta. Verenluovuttajille annettava tiedotusaineisto ei missään maassa täyttänyt veridirektiivin vaatimuksia. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittivat kansallisten käytäntöjen eroavaisuuksien rajoittavan valtion rajat ylittäviä terveydenhuoltopalveluita. Vaikka Euroopan unionin tavoitteena ei ole yhtenäistää terveydenhuoltojärjestelmiä, on tarpeen arvioida uudelleen unionin ja jäsenmaiden välistä työnjakoa. Kansalliset terveydenhuoltojärjestelmät eivät ole erillään Euroopan sisämarkkinoista, jotka merkittävästi vaikuttavat terveydenhuoltoon.