1000 resultados para Semiárido. Cactáceas. Algaroba. Compostos bioativos. Funcionalidade. Avaliação sensorial
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The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of the supply of five types of native and exotic cacti Brazilian semiarid northeast on the sensory characteristics of milk of Saanen goats. Five multiparous goats were used with nine weeks of lactation, average live weight of 50 kg ± 4 kg., confined and distributed in a Latin square design 5 x 5 with five experimental diets and five periods. Each period lasted 17 days, with 10 days of adaptation to the diets of the animals and seven days for the data collection. The treatments were defined based on dry matter consisted of: 47.33 to 50.12% of a cactus (“Xiquexique”, “Mandacaru”, “Facheiro” or two species of forage cactus “Miúda” or “Orelha de Elefante Mexicana”) more 18.78 to 19.79% hay of plant “Sabiá” and 31.10 to 32.89% of concentrate. There was not effect of the experimental diets in the physical and chemical composition of milk for fat, total solids and salts, which showed mean values of 3.24%; 11.30% and 0.66%, respectively. However the protein, lactose, nonfat dry extract and freezing point were affected by diets. In the profile of fatty acids was higher concentration of fatty short and medium chain fatty acids, however, there were not changes between treatments, except for the butyric acid (C4:0), with mean values of 4.24% (“Orelha de Elefante Mexicana”) to 6.05% (“Facheiro”). The diets also did not provide sensory changes in milk for the parameters: odor, flavor, aftertaste and overall assessment. The use of the five cactus in the diet of dairy goats do not influence the sensory characteristics and lipid profile of milk. The physical and chemical composition of milk was showed within the minimum requirements of current legislation, except for nonfat dry extract and freezing point.
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Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae), popularly known as ‘mangabeira’, has been used in folk medicine to treat inflammatory disorders, hypertension, dermatitis, diabetes, liver diseases and stomach disorders. Regarding the Hancornia speciosa fruits, the ethnobotany indicates its use especially for treating inflammation and tuberculosis. However, no study has been done so far to prove such biological activities. The objective was evaluation anti-inflammatory activity from the fruits of Hancornia speciosa Gomes (mangabeira). Aqueous extract was prepared by decoction, subsequently submitted the liquid-liquid fractionation. The secondary metabolites were identified by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with detector diode array (HPLC-DAD) and liquid chromatography diode array detector coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-MS). The anti-inflammatory properties of the aqueous extract, dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol (n-BuOH) fractions of the fruits from H. speciosa, as well as rutin and chlorogenic acid were investigated using in vitro and in vivo models. In vivo tests comprised the xylene-induced ear edema that was measured the formation of edema, carrageenan-induced peritonitis was evaluated the total leukocytes at 4h and zymosan-induced air pouch was measured the total leukocytes and differential cell count at 6, 24 and 48 hours, whereas in vitro tests were evaluated levels of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α using ELISA obtained of carrageenan-induced peritonitis model. The results showed the presence of rutin and chlorogenic acid were detected in the aqueous extract from H. speciosa fruits by HPLC-DAD and LC-DAD-ME. Furthermore, the aqueous extracts and fractions, as well as rutin and chlorogenic acid significantly inhibited the xilol-induced ear edema and reduced cell migration in the animal models such as carrageenan-induced peritonitis and zymosan-induced air pouch. In addition, reduced levels of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α were observed. This is the first study that demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous extract from Hancornia speciosa fruits against different inflammatory agents in animal models, suggesting that their bioactive molecules, especially rutin and chlorogenic acid contributing, at least in part, to the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous extract. These findings support the widespread use of Hancornia speciosa in popular medicine and demonstrate that this aqueous extract has therapeutic potential for the development of a herbal drugs with anti-inflammatory properties.
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The objective of the present work was evaluate two techniques of smoking, the hot traditional and with use of smoke natural aroma or "liquid smoke", having as control Perna perna mussels vapor cooked. Sensorial characteristics were appraised (appearance, color, aroma, texture, flavor and salt tenor) and yield processing. The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments (T1 = smoked with liquid smoke; T2 = traditional smoked and T3 = just cooked, control), with nine repetitions. For sensorial analysis 30 people were used, where each one was considered a block. There was significant difference for processing performance among treatments (P<0.05), however there was not significant difference independent of smoked technique applied. Nevertheless, smoking technique using smoke natural aroma was more attractive, presenting better results with relationship to sensorial characteristics and final product packaged for commercialization.
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Objetivou-se desenvolver modelos para prever a concentração de proteína bruta (PB) e a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS) deste alimento por meio da espectroscopia NIR avaliando duas formas de preparação da amostra e dois equipamentos NIR. Conclui-se, que modelos desenvolvidos com espectros de vagem de algaroba pré-secas e moídas, tanto em equipamento Perten quanto em FOSS, foram considerados confiáveis e com desempenho superior àqueles desenvolvidos com amostras frescas.
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O complexo Spodoptera é responsável por perdas significativas na produção de diversas culturas agrícolas no cerrado. Uma das estratégias de controle se baseia no monitoramento das populações migrantes (controle comportamental). Após screenings em túnel de vento, avaliou-se a mistura feromonal MIX-3 de atração sexual conjunta para S. frugiperda, S. cosmioides e S. eridania, cujos componentes são (Z)-9-(C)-14OAc e (Z)-9-(E)-12-(C)-14OAc. Foram instalados ensaios em áreas experimentais da Embrapa (Santo Antonio de Goiás e Santa Helena de Goiás), com culturas de algodão, amendoim e sorgo.
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A compostagem constitui-se importante alternativa para obtenção de fertilizantes orgânicos, que são utilizados como condicionadores de solo e fornecedores de nutrientes, principalmente do nitrogênio (N), em diversos sistemas de produção agrícola. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de recuperação biológica do N contido em diferentes formulações de compostos obtidos a partir da mistura de palhada de capim Napier e de Crotalaria juncea. Avaliou-se também a capacidade de recuperação do N de outros adubos. O bioensaio foi realizado em casa de vegetação, utilizando-se vasos plásticos de 650 ml com coletores de água lixiviada. Como planta indicadora, foi utilizado o Milheto Pérola (Pennisetum glaucum). Compostos orgânicos com maiores teores de N e menores relações C:N proporcionaram maiores taxas de recuperação de N pelo Milheto Pérola.
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RESUMO: A avaliação participativa permite inferir se os sistemas agrícolas necessitam de melhorias e quais conhecimentos podem promover incrementos. Esse trabalho objetivou avaliar diferentes sistemas de produção na Comunidade Pé de Serra Cedro, Sobral-CE, utilizando metodologia participativa com agricultores locais através de indicadores de qualidade do solo e sanidade dos cultivos. Os sistemas de produção avaliados foram quatro, com as seguintes descrições: sistema tradicional: plantio de culturas anuais, com queima da área a 3 anos; sistema tradicional + esterco; sistema tradicional + esterco + leucena; e sistema roçado agroecológico. A inserção de práticas edáficas como aplicação de estercos e implantação de leguminosas incrementaram sistemas de produção tradicionais no semiárido cearense, mesmo em curto prazo de avaliação. A utilização de roçados agroecológicos diferenciou-se para indicadores do solo e sanidade dos cultivos em relação aos manejos tradicionais, com indicador médio para atributos do solo de 8,6 e para sanidade de cultivos em 8,4. [Participatory evaluation indicators of soil and crop shealth in production systems in comunity Pé de Serra Cedro in brazilian semi-arid]. Abstract: Participatory evaluation allows us to infer that the agricultural systems need to be improved and what knowledge can promote increments, thus aimed to evaluate different production systems in the Community Pé de Serra Cedro, Sobral, state of Ceará, Brazil, using participatory methodology with local farmers on soil properties and health of crops. The production systems evaluated were four, with the following descriptions: traditional system: planting annual crops, with burning area to 3 years; traditional system + manure; traditional system + manure + Leucaena leucocephala; and scuffed agroecological system. Inserting soil practices such as manure application and implementation of incresead legumes traditional production systems in semiarid region, even in short-term assessment. The use of agroecological scuffed differed for soil propertie sand health of crops over traditional managements with value 8.6 and 8.4 to soil and plant indicators, respectively.
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2016
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Segundo estudos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, a mangueira, cultivada em aproximadamente 70.000 a 75.000 hectares do território nacional, propicia uma produção anual estimada em 1.200.000 toneladas. Os principais polos produtores do país são o Vale do Submédio São Francisco, os municípios de Livramento e Dom Basílio, na Bahia, os municípios de Monte Alto e Taquaritinga, em São Paulo, e os municípios de Janaúba e Jaíba, em Minas Gerais. As áreas que são destinadas à cultura correspondem, respectivamente, a aproximadamente 25.000, 12.000, 7.000 e 5.000 hectares. Os 25.000 hectares cultivados no Vale do Submédio São Francisco concentram-se sobretudo em perímetros irrigados instalados nos municípios de Juazeiro, na Bahia, e Petrolina, em Pernambuco, responsabilizando-se por 85% das exportações brasileiras (ANUÁRIO BRASILEIRO DA FRUTICULTURA, 2011; 2012; 2013; 2014; 2015; 2016). A variedade Tommy Atkins, dos Estados Unidos, conquistou mercados internacionais em virtude de atributos como consistência da polpa, baixo teor de fibras e resistência à deterioração. Os consumidores brasileiros, contudo, comumente demandam variedades nacionais, presentes em áreas residenciais ou exploradas por extrativismo em ambientes naturais, excetuando-se a variedade Ubá, cultivada em pomares para o aproveitamento no processamento industrial (PINTO et al., 2002).A diversificação de variedades é fundamental para a mangicultura brasileira. O objetivo do trabalho consistiu na avaliação de progênies de polinização livre das variedades Haden e Surpresa, em uma safra (2015-2016), no Semiárido Brasileiro, baseando-se em atributos referentes aos frutos.
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As exportações brasileiras de mangas foram, entre 2011 e 2013, praticamente equivalentes, apresentando uma discreta variação entre aproximadamente 127 mil toneladas, em 2012, e 122 mil toneladas, em 2013. Contudo, verifica-se, em 2014 e 2015, que as referidas exportações atingiram um patamar superior, alcançando aproximadamente 133 mil e 156 mil toneladas, respectivamente. Enquanto, no período de 2011 a 2013, as receitas proporcionadas pelas exportações oscilaram entre aproximadamente 137 milhões e 147 milhões de dólares, em 2014 e 2015 constata-se um razoável incremento nas referidas receitas, que, estimadas em aproximadamente 163 milhões e 184 milhões de dólares, respectivamente, lideraram os embarques nacionais de frutas, estimulando o crescimento das áreas cultivadas no Vale do São Francisco, principalmente nos municípios de Juazeiro, Bahia, e Petrolina, Pernambuco. O Vale do São Francisco anualmente destaca-se nos montantes brasileiros exportados, responsabilizando-se por 85% dos embarques. Embora a tradicional variedade Tommy Atkins ainda seja cultivada na maioria dos pomares implantados na região, verifica-se atualmente a crescente tendência de diversificação das matrizes produtivas através do investimento em algumas variedades mais apreciadas por consumidores internacionais como a ?Keitt?, a Kent e a Palmer (ANUÁRIO BRASILEIRO DA FRUTICULTURA, 2011; 2012; 2013; 2014; 2015; 2016). A variedade Tommy Atkins conquistou os principais mercados internacionais em virtude de alguns atributos como a coloração, o tamanho, a produtividade e, especialmente, a resistência ao transporte e à deterioração, todavia, apesar das referidas qualidades, a variedade também apresenta características indesejáveis como o baixo teor de sólidos solúveis, a significativa suscetibilidade ao colapso interno e a vulnerabilidade à malformação floral e vegetativa (PINTO et al., 2002a; 2002b). A diversificação de variedades é essencial para a consolidação das exportações brasileiras. O objetivo do trabalho consiste, assim, na avaliação de híbridos entre as variedades Tommy Atkins e Espada, em uma safra (2015-2016), no Semiárido Brasileiro, considerando-se parâmetros físicos e químicos associados aos frutos.
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Fresh-cut sliced fruits and vegetables are ready to eat immediately and their sensorial characteristics should be similar to fresh product. Although most of the studies in this area are focused on vegetables, there is a great market potential for fresh-cut sliced fruits, mainly for those which exhibit some commercialization or preparation difficulties such as pineapple. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of 1% and 3% concentrations of calcium salts (chloride, sulphate and lactate) on pH, total soluble solids and firmness values of minimally processed pineapple slices. Two types of indenters and three firmness indexes were investigated aiming to identify the best index. Results showed that calcium sulphate 3% kept average firmness index up to 44.45% higher than the index value of the control. Even though both indenters exhibited similar variability the cylindrical one was able to point out more differences between control and treatments than the cylindrical borer indenter.
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OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the impact that trochanteric hip fractures produce on life quality of elderly patients, treated surgically, during one year of monitoring. METHODS: Were selected 73 elderly with transtrochanteric femur fracture, aged equal or over than 65 years and of both sexes. All participants underwent a standardized questionnaire which obtained information on lifestyle habits, functionality, physical activity, ambulation and cognitive state. Were excluded patients who died, not walking, with neurological diseases and pathological fractures. RESULTS: The average age was 80.17 ± 7.2 years and 75% was female. When comparing the summation of activities of daily living (p = 0.04) and instrumental daily living (p = 0.004) obtained before and after fracture, the patients become more dependent after fracture. Activities of daily living that worsened after fracture were bathing (p = 0.04), toileting (p = 0.02) and dressing (p = 0.04). All instrumental activities of daily living showed a significant difference, with functional dependence after fracture, increased need for walking aid (p = 0.00002), aged (p = 0.01) and not doing housework (p = 0.01). The low score on the test Minimental was associated with a greater dependence to perform activities of daily living before (p = 0.00002) and after (p = 0.01) fracture. CONCLUSION: After a year, activities of daily living that depended on the lower limbs worsened significantly, all instrumental activities of daily living were significantly worse in more than 50% of patients and more than half of patients who walked without support lost this ability.
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Descriptive terminology and sensory profile of three varieties of brazilian varietal white wines (cultivars Riesling, Gewürztraminer and Chardonnay) were developed by a methodology based on the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA). The sensory panel consensually defined the sensory descriptors, their respective reference materials and the descriptive evaluation ballot. Ten individuals were selected as judges based on their discrimination, reproducibility and individual consensus with the sensory panel. Twelve descriptors were generated showing similarities and differences among the wine samples. Each descriptor was evaluated using a nine-centimeters non-structured scale with the intensity terms anchored at its ends. The collected data were analysed by ANOVA, Tukey test and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed a great difference within the sensory profile of Riesling and Gewürztraminer wines, whereas Chardonnay wines showed a lesser variation. PCA separated samples into two groups: a first group formed by wines higher in sweetness and fruitty flavor and aroma; and a second group of wines higher in sourness, adstringency, bitterness, alcoholic and fermented flavors.
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física