Fonctions et modes d'expression de la violence à prendre en compte à l'hôpital de jour

A partir du cas clinique d'une adolescente de 15 ans prise en charge à l'hôpital de jour, nous nous proposons d'observer certaines fonctions et modes d'expression d'une violence explosive. Repérée comme " violente " dès sa petite enfance, cette jeune fille a grandi dans un milieu peu contenant qui n'a cessé de reculer devant sa violence et qui n'a opposé que peu de limites à sa toute-puissance. Son admission à 1 'hôpital de jour fait suite à une situation familiale de crise et une recrudescence des passages à l'acte violents sur sa petite soeur. Les déterminants institutionnels ont alors suscité un redéploiement de la violence, avec des circuits complexes d'expression alternant entre l'auto et l'hétéroagressivité. A la fois répétition et repère iclentitaire, cette violence est également une forme de communication pour l'adolescente qui exprime ainsi divers indicibles, dont sa souffrance, et qui module les orientations de la prise en charge. Les réponses institutionnelles à la violence de cette adolescente, perçue comme extrêmement dangereuse et impulsive, ont la lourde tâche de s'inscrire dans une visée à la fois compréhensive (sur le plan psychopathologique) et répressive-éducative.

Magnetoelectricity in the ferrimagnetic Cu2OSeO3: symmetry analysis and Raman scattering study

sublattices ferrimagnet Cu2OSeO3 with a cubic symmetry and a linear magnetoelectric effect. There is no spectroscopic evidence for structural lattice distortions below T-C=60 K, which are expected due to magnetoelectric coupling. Using symmetry arguments we explain this observation by considering a special type of ferrimagnetic ground state which does not generate a spontaneous electric polarization. Interestingly, Raman scattering shows a strong increase of electric polarization of media through a dynamic magnetoelectric effect as a remarkable enhancement of the scattering intensity below T-C. New lines of purely magnetic origin have been detected in the magnetically ordered state. A part of them are attributed as scattering on exchange magnons. Using this observation and further symmetry considerations we argue for strong Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction existing in the Cu2OSeO3. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3455808]

Raman spectroscopy as a powerful analytical tool: probing the structure of matter

Podeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/32166

A re-evaluation of Raman as a tool for the determination of 12C and 13C in geological fluid inclusions

Raman spectroscopy has been used by fluid inclusionists to: 1) identify and quantitatively determine the relative abundances of gaseous species within fluid inclusions; 2) identify solid phases precipitating from, or accidentally trapped, within fluid inclusions; and 3) determine the detection limits of the C-13/C-12 ratio in the CO2 bearing phase of fluid inclusions.

Proof of Concept: Examining Characteristics of Roadway Infrastructure in Various 3D Visualization Modes, 2015

Utilizing enhanced visualization in transportation planning and design gained popularity in the last decade. This work aimed at demonstrating the concept of utilizing a highly immersive, virtual reality simulation engine for creating dynamic, interactive, full-scale, three-dimensional (3D) models of highway infrastructure. For this project, the highway infrastructure element chosen was a two-way, stop-controlled intersection (TWSCI). VirtuTrace, a virtual reality simulation engine developed by the principal investigator, was used to construct the dynamic 3D model of the TWSCI. The model was implemented in C6, which is Iowa State University’s Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE). Representatives from the Institute of Transportation at Iowa State University, as well as representatives from the Iowa Department of Transportation, experienced the simulated TWSCI. The two teams identified verbally the significant potential that the approach introduces for the application of next-generation simulated environments to road design and safety evaluation.

Raman analysis of multilayer automotive paints in forensic science: measurement variability and depth profile?

The aim of this work is to study the influence of several analytical parameters on the variability of Raman spectra of paint samples. In the present study, microtome thin section and direct (no preparation) analysis are considered as sample preparation. In order to evaluate their influence on the measures, an experimental design such as 'fractional full factorial' with seven factors (including the sampling process) is applied, for a total of 32 experiments representing 160 measures. Once the influence of sample preparation highlighted, a depth profile of a paint sample is carried out by changing the focusing plane in order to measure the colored layer under a clearcoat. This is undertaken in order to avoid sample preparation such a microtome sectioning. Finally, chemometric treatments such as principal component analysis are applied to the resulting spectra. The findings of this study indicate the importance of sample preparation, or more specifically, the surface roughness, on the variability of the measurements on a same sample. Moreover, the depth profile experiment highlights the influence of the refractive index of the upper layer (clearcoat) when measuring through a transparent layer.

Detection and chemical profiling of medicine counterfeits by Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics

Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometrics has recently become a widespread technique for the analysis of pharmaceutical solid forms. The application presented in this paper is the investigation of counterfeit medicines. This increasingly serious issue involves networks that are an integral part of industrialized organized crime. Efficient analytical tools are consequently required to fight against it. Quick and reliable authentication means are needed to allow the deployment of measures from the company and the authorities. For this purpose a method in two steps has been implemented here. The first step enables the identification of pharmaceutical tablets and capsules and the detection of their counterfeits. A nonlinear classification method, the Support Vector Machines (SVM), is computed together with a correlation with the database and the detection of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) peaks in the suspect product. If a counterfeit is detected, the second step allows its chemical profiling among former counterfeits in a forensic intelligence perspective. For this second step a classification based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and correlation distance measurements is applied to the Raman spectra of the counterfeits.

JPEG standard uniform quantization error modeling with applications to sequential and progressive operation modes

In this paper we propose a method for computing JPEG quantization matrices for a given mean square error or PSNR. Then, we employ our method to compute JPEG standard progressive operation mode definition scripts using a quantization approach. Therefore, it is no longer necessary to use a trial and error procedure to obtain a desired PSNR and/or definition script, reducing cost. Firstly, we establish a relationship between a Laplacian source and its uniform quantization error. We apply this model to the coefficients obtained in the discrete cosine transform stage of the JPEG standard. Then, an image may be compressed using the JPEG standard under a global MSE (or PSNR) constraint and a set of local constraints determined by the JPEG standard and visual criteria. Secondly, we study the JPEG standard progressive operation mode from a quantization based approach. A relationship between the measured image quality at a given stage of the coding process and a quantization matrix is found. Thus, the definition script construction problem can be reduced to a quantization problem. Simulations show that our method generates better quantization matrices than the classical method based on scaling the JPEG default quantization matrix. The estimation of PSNR has usually an error smaller than 1 dB. This figure decreases for high PSNR values. Definition scripts may be generated avoiding an excessive number of stages and removing small stages that do not contribute during the decoding process with a noticeable image quality improvement.

Quasi real-time Raman studies on the growth of Cu-In-S thin films

In this work annealing and growth of CuInS2 thin films is investigated with quasireal-time in situ Raman spectroscopy. During the annealing a shift of the Raman A1 mode towards lower wave numbers with increasing temperature is observed. A linear temperature dependence of the phonon branch of ¿2 cm¿1/100 K is evaluated. The investigation of the growth process (sulfurization of metallic precursors) with high surface sensitivity reveals the occurrence of phases which are not detected with bulk sensitive methods. This allows a detailed insight in the formation of the CuInS2 phases. Independent from stoichiometry and doping of the starting precursors the CuAu ordering of CuInS2 initially forms as the dominating ordering. The transformation of the CuAu ordering into the chalcopyrite one is, in contrast, strongly dependent on the precursor composition and requires high temperatures.