Modelos de dimensão finita e infinita para avaliação da produção de ovos em aves de postura

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos para produção de leite em búfalas por modelos de repetibilidade, multi-característica e de regressão aleatória

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação do potencial de dados polarimétricos Radarsat-2 para mapeamento de uso e cobertura da terra em trecho de faixa de dutos sobre diferentes condições geomorfológicas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Interação genótipo x ambiente para a produção de leite na espécie bubalina utilizando inferência Bayesiana por meio de Amostradores de Gibbs

Com o objetivo de verificar a existência da interação genótipo x ambiente, sob a forma de heterogeneidade de variâncias para a produção de leite na espécie bubalina e o seu impacto na avaliação genética dos animais, utilizando a inferência Bayesiana por meio de Amostrador de Gibbs, foram utilizados 5.484 registros de produção de leite referentes à produções de 2.994 búfalas predominantemente Murrah, filhas de 150 reprodutores, acasalados com 1130 matrizes, cujos partos ocorreram entre os anos de 1974 e 2004. Os registros foram provenientes do Programa de Melhoramento Genético dos Bubalinos (PROMEBUL) com a adição de registros provenientes do rebanho da EMBRAPA Amazônia Oriental -EAO, localizada em Belém, Pará. Foram estabelecidas classes de rebanho-ano de parto e de acordo com o desvio padrão de cada classe, os registros de produção de leite foram classificados em classes de alto e baixo desvio-padrão fenotípico. Posteriormente, os dados foram analisados desconsiderando e considerando as classes de desvio-padrão. O modelo utilizado empregou os efeitos fixos referentes às classes de rebanho-ano, mês de parto e covariáveis idade da fêmea ao parto e duração da lactação, além do efeito aleatório de animal, ambiente permanente e ambiente temporário. Para os efeitos fixos, foi assumido distribuição à priori uniforme e para os componentes de (co)variâncias foram assumidas distribuições priori qui-quadrado inversa e Wishart invertida. As médias observadas e desvio-padrão para produção de leite nas classes de alto e baixo desvio-padrão e em análise geral, foram iguais a 1870,21±758,78, 1900,50±587,76 e 1885,48±677,98, respectivamente. As médias posteriores para os componentes de variâncias foram maiores na classe de alto desvio-padrão. A herdabilidade obtida na classe de alto desvio-padrão foi próxima do valor observado na análise geral e inferior ao valor encontrado na classe de baixo desvio-padrão fenotípico. A correlação genética para produção de leite entre as classes de desvio-padrão foi igual a 0,58. As correlações de Spearman entre os valores genéticos para a produção de leite obtidos em análise geral com os valores obtidos nas classes de alto e baixo desvio padrão foram iguais a 0,94 e 0,93, respectivamente, para todos os reprodutores. Para uma amostra dos 10 melhores reprodutores, as mesmas correlações foram iguais a 0,94 e 0,47, respectivamente. Tais resultados revelam presença de heterogeneidade de variâncias entre rebanhos e esta heterogeneidade de variâncias é resultante de fatores ambientais, que podem levar a uma classificação errônea dos melhores reprodutores geneticamente para a produção leite.

Prevalence and phenotypic characterization of Enterococcus spp. isolated from food in Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Green chromatographic fingerprinting: An environmentally friendly approach for the development of separation methods for fingerprinting complex matrices

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Genetic Correlation for Pre-Weaning and Post-Weaning Traits of Mediterranean Buffaloes from Brazil, Estimated By Bayesian Inference

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic, environmental and phenotypic correlation between birth weight (BW) and weight at 205 days age (W205), BW and weight at 365 days age (W365) and W205-W365, using Bayesian inference. The Brazilian Program for Genetic Improvement of Buffaloes provided the data that included 3,883 observations from Mediterranean breed buffaloes. With the purpose to estimate variance and covariance, bivariate analyses were performed using Gibbs sampler that is included in the MTGSAM software. The model for BW, W205 and W365 included additive direct and maternal genetic random effects, maternal environmental random effect and contemporary group as fixed effect. The convergence diagnosis was achieved using Geweke, a method that uses an algorithm implemented in R software through the package Bayesian Output Analysis. The calculated direct genetic correlations were 0.34 (BW-W205), 0.25 (BW-W365) and 0.74 (W205-W365). The environmental correlations were 0.12, 0.11 and 0.72 between BW-W205, BW-W365 and W205-W365, respectively. The phenotypic correlations were low for BW-W205 (0.01) and BW-W365 (0.04), differently than the obtained for W205-W365 with a value of 0.67. The results indicate that BW trait have low genetic, environmental and phenotypic association with the two others traits. The genetic correlation between W205 and W365 was high and suggests that the selection for weight at around 205 days could be beneficial to accelerate the genetic gain.

Disentangling the Phylogenetic and Ecological Components of Spider Phenotypic Variation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Multiple-trait genomic evaluation for milk yield and milk quality traits using genomic and phenotypic data in buffalo in Brazil

The use of markers distributed all long the genome may increase the accuracy of the predicted additive genetic value of young animals that are candidates to be selected as reproducers. In commercial herds, due to the cost of genotyping, only some animals are genotyped and procedures, divided in two or three steps, are done in order to include these genomic data in genetic evaluation. However, genomic evaluation may be calculated using one unified step that combines phenotypic data, pedigree and genomics. The aim of the study was to compare a multiple-trait model using only pedigree information with another using pedigree and genomic data. In this study, 9,318 lactations from 3061 buffaloes were used, 384 buffaloes were genotyped using a Illumina bovine chip (Illumina Infinium (R) bovineHD BeadChip). Seven traits were analyzed milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), lactose yield (LY), fat percentage (F%), protein percentage (P%) and somatic cell score (SCSt). Two analyses were done: one using phenotypic and pedigree information (matrix A) and in the other using a matrix based in pedigree and genomic information (one step, matrix H). The (co) variance components were estimated using multiple-trait analysis by Bayesian inference method, applying an animal model, through Gibbs sampling. The model included the fixed effects of contemporary groups (herd-year-calving season), number of milking (2 levels), and age of buffalo at calving as (co) variable (quadratic and linear effect). The additive genetic, permanent environmental, and residual effects were included as random effects in the model. The heritability estimates using matrix A were 0.25, 0.22, 0.26, 0.17, 0.37, 0.42 and 0.26 and using matrix H were 0.25, 0.24, 0.26, 0.18, 0.38, 0.46 and 0.26 for MY, FY, PY, LY, % F, % P and SCCt, respectively. The estimates of the additive genetic effect for the traits were similar in both analyses, but the accuracy were bigger using matrix H (superior to 15% for traits studied). The heritability estimates were moderated indicating genetic gain under selection. The use of genomic information in the analyses increases the accuracy. It permits a better estimation of the additive genetic value of the animals.

Nanostructured screen-printed electrodes modified with self-assembled monolayers for determination of metronidazole in different matrices

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Phenotypic and genetic variability for body weight of ostriches (Struthio camelus)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Phenotypic and functional evaluations of peripheral blood monocytes from chronic-form paracoccidioidomycosis patients before and after treatment

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Phenotypic expression of homozygous hemoglobin S in relation to β-globin haplotypes, glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and detoxification enzymes

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) shows a pathophysiology that involves multiple changes in sickle cell erythrocytes, vaso-occlusive episodes, hemolysis, activation of inflammatory mediators, endothelial cell dysfunction, and oxidative stress. These events complicate treatment and culminate in the development of manifestations such as anemia, pain crises and multiorgan dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in SCA patients, oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity markers, correlating them to treatment with hydroxyurea (HU), β-globin haplotypes and glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms (GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1), in comparison to a control group (CG). The study groups were composed of 48 individuals without hemoglobinopathies (CG), SCA patients treated with HU [AF (+HU), N = 13] and untreated SCA patients [AF (-HU), N = 15], after informed consent. The groups were analyzed using cytological, electrophoretic, chromatographic and molecular methods and information from medical records. The GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms were determined by multiplex PCR, while the GSTP1 polymorphism by PCR-RFLP. Biochemical parameters were measured using spectrophotometric methods [TBARS, TEAC and catalase (CAT) and GST activities] and a chromatographic method [glutathione (GSH)]. The fetal Hb (Hb F) levels observed in the SCA (+HU) group (10.9%) confirmed the already well-described pharmacological effect of HU, but the SCA (-HU) group also had high Hb F levels (6.1%), which may have been influenced by genetic factors not targeted in this study. We found a higher frequency of the Bantu haplotype (48.2%), followed by the Benin (32.1%) and also Cameroon haplotypes, rare in our population, and 19.7% of atypical haplotypes. The presence of Bantu haplotype was related to higher lipid peroxidation levels in patients, but also, it conferred a differential response to HU treatment, raising Hb F levels in 52.6% (P = 0.03). The protective effect of Hb F was confirmed, because the increase in their levels resulted in a 41.3% decrease in lipid peroxidation levels (r = -0.74, P = 0.0156). The genotypic frequency of the GST polymorphisms observed was similar to that of other studies in the Brazilian population, and its association with biochemical markers revealed a significant difference only for the GSTP1 polymorphism, where patients with genotype V/V showed higher GSH and TEAC levels (P = 0.04 and P = 0.03, respectively) compared to patients with genotype I/I. The TBARS levels were about five to eight times higher in the SCA (+HU) and SCA (-HU) groups, respectively, compared to controls, and HU produced a 35.2% decrease in lipid peroxidation levels in the SCA (+HU) group (P < 0.0001). Moreover, the SCA (+HU) group showed higher TEAC levels when compared to CG (P = 0.002). We did not find any significant difference in GST activity between the groups studied (P = 0.76), but CAT activity was about 17 and 30% lower in SCA (+HU) and SCA (-HU) groups, respectively (P < 0.00001). Plasma GSH levels were ~2 times higher in SCA patients than in the control group (P = 0.0005) and showed a positive correlation with TBARS levels, confirming its antioxidant function. HU treatment contributed to higher CAT activity and TEAC levels and lower lipid peroxidation, and its pharmacological effect showed a “haplotype-dependent” response. These findings may contribute to elucidating the potential of HU in ameliorating oxidative stress in SCA subjects.