Evaluating social skills in long term cochlear implant recipients

A longitudinal study observing cochlear implant recipients' social skills using ratings from their parents and the students themselves over time. The study looked at how adolescents using cochlear implants rate their own social skills compared to an age matched normative group of hearing students, and compared these ratings with social skills ratings obtained from their parents. The study also compared social ratings in adolescence to previous ratings of the same children obtained in elementary school.

The effect of talker age and gender on speech perception of pediatric cochlear implant users

Most clinically-employed speech materials for testing hearing impaired individuals are recordings made by adult male talkers. The author examined the possible effect of talker age and gender on the speech perception of children through the use of 1) two speech perception tests, each with four talker types (adult males, adult females, 10-12 year olds, 5-7 year olds), and 2) two groups of pediatric listeners: normal-hearing (NH) and cochlear implant users (CI).

Verification of computed tomographic estimates of cochlear implant array position: A micro-CT and histological analysis

We examine the efficacy two volume spatial registration of pre and postoperative clinical computed tomography (CT) imaging to verify post-operative electrode array placement in cochlear implant (CI) patients. To measure the degree of accuracy with which the composite image predicts in-vivo placement of the array, we replicate the CI surgical process in cadaver heads. Pre-operative, post-operative, micro CT imaging and histology are utilized for verification.

Effect of stimulus intensity on cortical potentials in cochlear implant recipients

Cortical auditory evoked potentials were recorded in cochlear implant recipients and in individuals with normal hearing using a speech stimulus. Responses were acquired over two test sessions to investigate between group differences and test repeatability. Results indicate significant differences in N1-P2 latency and amplitude measures between cochlear implant recipients and individuals with normal hearing.

Evaluation of multiple speech processing combinations in the Cochlear Nucleus 5 cochlear implant system using R-Space simulation

Difficulty understanding speech in the presence of background noise is a common report among cochlear implant recipients. The purpose of this research is to evaluate speech processing options currently available in the Cochlear Nucleus 5 sound processor to determine the best option for improving speech recognition in noise.

The cochlear implant process from candidacy to surgery, a guidebook for parents and teachers

This paper is a guidebook for parents and educators to further understand the cochlear implant process from candidacy to surgery.

La reconstrucción simbólica del trauma del nacimiento en la poesía de Alejandra Pizarnik, Cristina Peri Rossi y Blanca Varela

La presente investigación analiza, desde una lectura interdisciplinaria literaturapsicoanálisis, la influencia de una de las principales motivaciones inconscientes de carácter individual y colectivo –el trauma del nacimiento– en la creación poética de tres de las voces más representativas de la literatura latinoamericana: Alejandra Pizarnik, Cristina Peri Rossi y Blanca Varela. La proyección simbólica que emerge de la evocación fantástica de este momento, concebido como el más doloroso tanto como decisivo de la historia de todo ser humano, condiciona la presencia de diferentes imaginarios que categorizan la existencia de dos grandes grupos de fantasías, las de reinfetación y de renacimiento, evidenciadas en el arte y en la literatura a lo largo de toda la historia de la humanidad. Lo que se pretende es identificar cómo en la escritura de estas voces líricas, determinadas por estas pulsiones de vida y de muerte, de dependencia y de individuación, de deseo de arraigo y de exilio; o inclusive, marcadas por la ambivalencia y la sublimación del acto creativo, reconstruyen, a través de sus discursos manifiestos y latentes, toda la simbología del trauma del nacimiento.

Retóricas del exilio. El decir y el saber de la literatura sobre los “lugares otros”: un acercamiento a las obras La nave de los locos de Cristina Peri Rossi y Antígona furiosa de Griselda Gambaro

El exilio ha sido abordado desde distintas áreas de reflexión como una problemática social. Problemática que se fundamenta en la separación de un individuo del lugar en el que vive: muestra una carga negativa en tanto destierro y fragmentación. A partir de las dictaduras militares y los sistemas patriarcales que se imponen en América Latina, sobre todo en lo concerniente al Cono Sur, han surgido obras como La nave de los locos y Antígona Furiosa de la mano de escritoras que experimentaron esa separación y desarraigo. Inscrito el exilio como objeto literario en estas obras, y al tomar en cuenta a la literaturidad como un medio de reflexión y crítica de los modelos perceptivos que hacen al mundo inteligible, ¿sería posible desfamiliarizar la experiencia del exilio de su sentido generalizado en tanto abandono y fragmentación? Sin caer en idealismos o romanticismo, ¿se podría hallar en el exilio algún tipo de saber y decir que devele un estado distinto a sus concepciones o percepciones más consensuadas? ¿Es posible encontrar, en estas obras, al exilio como una manifestación de revelación más que de padecimiento?

Galen and libraries in the Peri Alupias

A long (12,000 word) article on the evidence for library function and usage in the newly-discovered Peri Alupias of Galen

The effects of mass loading the ossicles with a floating mass transducer on middle ear transfer function

Hypothesis: The aim of this study was to measure the mass loading effect of an active middle-ear implant (the Vibrant Soundbridge) in cadaver temporal bones. Background: Implantable middle ear hearing devices such as Vibrant Soundbridge have been used as an alternative to conventional hearing aids for the rehabilitation of sensorineural hearing loss. Other than the obvious disadvantage of requiring implantation middle ear surgery, it also applies a direct weight on the ossicular chain which, in turn, may have an impact on residual hearing. Previous studies have shown that applying a mass directly on the ossicular chain has a damping effect on its response to sound. However, little has been done to investigate the magnitude and the frequency characteristics of the mass loading effect in devices such as the Vibrant Soundbridge. Methods: Five fresh cadaver temporal bones were used. The stapes displacement was measured using laser Doppler vibrometry before and after the placement of a Vibrant Sound-bridge floating mass transducer. The effects of mass and attachment site were compared with the unloaded response. Measurements were obtained at frequencies between 0.1 and 10 kHz and at acoustic input levels of 100 dB sound pressure level. Each temporal bone acted as its own control. Results: Placement of the floating mass transducer caused a reduction of the stapes displacement. There were variations between the bones. The change of the stapes displacement varied from 0 dB to 28 dB. The effect was more prominent at frequencies above 1,000 Hz. Placing the floating mass transducer close to the incudostapedial joint reduced the mass loading effect. Conclusion: The floating mass transducer produces a measurable reduction of the stapes displacement in the temporal bone model. The effect is more prominent at high frequencies.

Post-partum depression and infant growth in a South African peri-urban settlement

Aim: To examine the association between maternal post-natal depression and infant growth. Background: Infant growth has recently been shown, in two studies from South Asia, to be adversely affected by maternal depression in the early post-partum period. It is uncertain whether a similar association obtains in developing countries outside Asia. Method: A sample of 147 mother–infant dyads was recruited from a peri-urban settlement outside Cape Town and seen at 2 and 18 months post partum. Results: No clear effect of post-partum depression on infant growth was found. Although maternal depression at 2 months was found to be associated with lower infant weight at 18 months, when birthweight was considered this effect disappeared. Conclusions: Possible explanations for the non-replication of the South Asian findings are considered.

The mother-infant relationship and infant attachment in a south African peri-urban settlement

A sample of 147 mother-infant dyads was recruited from a peri-urban settlement outside Cape Town and seen at 2- and 18-months postpartum. At 18 months, 61.9% of the infants were rated as securely attached (B); 4.1% as avoidant (A); 8.2% as resistant (C); and 25.8% disorganized (D). Postpartum depression at 2 months, and indices of poor parenting at both 2 and 18 months, were associated with insecure infant attachment. The critical 2-month predictor variables for insecure infant attachment were maternal intrusiveness and maternal remoteness, and early maternal depression. When concurrent maternal sensitivity was considered, the quality of the early mother-infant relationship remained important, but maternal depression was no longer predictive. Cross-cultural differences and consistencies in the development of attachment are discussed.

Posttraumatic stress symptoms in London school children following September 11, 2001: an exploratory investigation of peri-traumatic reactions and intrusive imagery

Threatening intrusive images are central to posttraumatic stress disorder. It has been suggested that intrusive imagery in the context of a sense of threat leads to the development and persistence of posttraumatic stress symptoms. This study investigates London school children's (N = 76; age 10-11 years) self-reported posttraumatic stress symptoms in response to viewing the attacks of September 11, 2001 on television. Assessments were made at two time points. A minority of participants reported moderate-severe symptoms with functional impairment at 2 months (14.5%) and 6 months (9.2%) after viewing the September 11events. After controlling for symptom stability, persistent symptoms were associated with peri-traumatic factors, notably perceiving that one's life was in danger. The combined effect of intrusive imagery and peri-traumatic life threat was associated with symptom persistence. Assessments of intrusive image content via checklist and free-report indicated that the images were directly related to September 11 and were fairly stable over time. Implications for treating children's intrusive images following stressful events are explored. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.