Efeito sacietogênico de um novo inibidor de tripsina da paçoca do amendoim com aumento plasmático de colecistocinina (cck)

Obesity is increasing, reaching epidemic levels in many regions of the world. Studies have shown that consumption of peanuts influences on weight control and this influence may be due to the action of trypsin inhibitors sacietogênica that condition increased plasma colescistocinina (CCK). Moreover, the peanut has other health benefits, and these assignments are guaranteed to increase their production and consumption of several of its products, including the paçoca peanut. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of a trypsin inhibitor in paçoca peanut and evaluate its effect on food intake, weight gain and histomorphological changes in swiss mice (n = 8) and Wistar rats (n = 6). Experimental diets were prepared based on the AIN-93G and supplemented with tack or peanut trypsin inhibitor partially purified paçoca peanut (AHTI). After each treatment, the animals were anesthetized and euthanized, their bloods were collected by cardiac puncture for the determination of CCK and other biochemical parameters (glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and albumin) and their pancreas removed for histologic and morphometric analysis. The supplementation with paçoca peanut and the AHTI showed a decrease of body weight gain and food intake in both mice and rats, due to the satiety, since the animals showed no evidence of impairment of nutritional status conditioned by consumption the AHTI. There were also observed biochemical or morphological important when compared with controls. However, AHTI led to increased secretion of CCK, a peptide sacietogênico. Thus, these results indicate that AHTI present in paçoca peanut, is able to enhance the secretion of plasma CCK and thereby reduce the weight gain associated with lower food intake of experimenta animals

Contribuição para o estudo sobre os efeitos da administração preventiva de cetamina em baixa dose em cirurgia ortopédica no cão

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária

A influência da intervenção educativa de enfermagem na promoção de comportamentos saudáveis da pessoa submetida a cirurgia coronária

A intervenção educativa de enfermagem é uma estratégia que pode ser útil na alteração dos comportamentos de saúde da pessoa. O internamento para cirurgia coronária constitui uma oportunidade valiosa para o enfermeiro concretizar essa educação direcionando-a à promoção de comportamentos saudáveis e à prevenção secundária da doença coronária e cardiovascular, uma vez que estas continuam a ser a causa de morte mais importante a nível global. Os quatro principais comportamentos de saúde associados aos fatores de risco da doença coronária são a alimentação, a atividade física, o consumo de álcool e de tabaco. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar a influência da intervenção educativa de enfermagem na promoção de comportamentos saudáveis da pessoa submetida a cirurgia coronária, nomeadamente ao nível do comportamento alimentar, atividade física, consumo de álcool e tabaco e consequentemente sobre os valores antropométricos (índice de massa corporal e perímetro da cintura). Nesse sentido desenvolveu-se um estudo quantitativo, longitudinal, do tipo quase experimental, com grupo de controlo. O grupo experimental foi sujeito a intervenção educativa personalizada e estruturada, durante o internamento hospitalar, na consulta de acompanhamento de enfermagem (duas a três semanas após a cirurgia) e via telefone (dois meses após a cirurgia). Realizaram-se duas avaliações em cada grupo: a primeira, antes da cirurgia e a segunda, três meses após a cirurgia. Os instrumentos de colheita de dados incluíram: o questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica, a Escala de Hábitos Alimentares, o Questionário da Atividade Física Habitual, o Teste de Identificação das Perturbações do Consumo de Álcool e o Teste de Fagerstrom sobre a Dependência Tabágica. Os resultados demonstraram que a intervenção educativa realizada contribuiu para uma melhoria significativa da atividade física no grupo sujeito a intervenção. Verificou-se também uma melhoria do comportamento alimentar e uma redução do índice de massa corporal e do perímetro da cintura. Sugerem-se estudos mais alargados e abrangentes na dimensão e tipo de amostra e no tempo de acompanhamento para verificação dos resultados e potenciar o sucesso dos mesmos.

A influência da intervenção educativa de enfermagem na promoção de comportamentos saudáveis da pessoa submetida a cirurgia coronária

A intervenção educativa de enfermagem é uma estratégia que pode ser útil na alteração dos comportamentos de saúde da pessoa. O internamento para cirurgia coronária constitui uma oportunidade valiosa para o enfermeiro concretizar essa educação direcionando-a à promoção de comportamentos saudáveis e à prevenção secundária da doença coronária e cardiovascular, uma vez que estas continuam a ser a causa de morte mais importante a nível global. Os quatro principais comportamentos de saúde associados aos fatores de risco da doença coronária são a alimentação, a atividade física, o consumo de álcool e de tabaco. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar a influência da intervenção educativa de enfermagem na promoção de comportamentos saudáveis da pessoa submetida a cirurgia coronária, nomeadamente ao nível do comportamento alimentar, atividade física, consumo de álcool e tabaco e consequentemente sobre os valores antropométricos (índice de massa corporal e perímetro da cintura). Nesse sentido desenvolveu-se um estudo quantitativo, longitudinal, do tipo quase experimental, com grupo de controlo. O grupo experimental foi sujeito a intervenção educativa personalizada e estruturada, durante o internamento hospitalar, na consulta de acompanhamento de enfermagem (duas a três semanas após a cirurgia) e via telefone (dois meses após a cirurgia). Realizaram-se duas avaliações em cada grupo: a primeira, antes da cirurgia e a segunda, três meses após a cirurgia. Os instrumentos de colheita de dados incluíram: o questionário de caraterização sociodemográfica e clínica, a Escala de Hábitos Alimentares, o Questionário da Atividade Física Habitual, o Teste de Identificação das Perturbações do Consumo de Álcool e o Teste de Fagerstrom sobre a Dependência Tabágica. Os resultados demonstraram que a intervenção educativa realizada contribuiu para uma melhoria significativa da atividade física no grupo sujeito a intervenção. Verificou-se também uma melhoria do comportamento alimentar e uma redução do índice de massa corporal e do perímetro da cintura. Sugerem-se estudos mais alargados e abrangentes na dimensão e tipo de amostra e no tempo de acompanhamento para verificação dos resultados e potenciar o sucesso dos mesmos.

Clínica e cirurgia de animais de companhia

Para conclusão do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária pela Universidade de Évora foi realizado um estágio no Centro Hospitalar Veterinário, situado no Porto, de Setembro de 2015 a Fevereiro de 2016, sob a orientação do Dr. André Gomes Pereira. O presente relatório está dividido em duas partes. A primeira parte consiste numa descrição de todos os casos e procedimentos assistidos. A segunda parte é composta por uma monografia sobre o tema “Pancreatite Canina”, com apresentação de dois casos clínicos, acompanhados durante a realização do estágio. A pancreatite é atualmente a doença do pâncreas exócrino mais comum em cães, podendo estar associada a inúmeros fatores de risco. A não existência de um teste, não invasivo, suficientemente específico e sensível, aliado à inespecificidade dos sinais clínicos torna o diagnóstico da pancreatite desafiante. Contudo, a ecografia abdominal é um teste de fácil utilização, que associado à crescente especialização do Médico Veterinário se tem mostrado muito útil na deteção de alterações pancreáticas; Abstract: (Small Animal Medicine and Surgery) For completion of the MSc in Veterinary Medicine from the University of Évora was held an internship at the Centro Hospitalar Veterinário located in Porto, from September 2015 to February 2016, under the supervision of Dr. André Gomes Pereira. This report is divided into two sections. The first part is a description of all cases and procedures. The second part consists of a monograph about "Canine Pancreatitis" with the presentation of two clinical cases followed during the internship. Pancreatitis is currently the most common exocrine pancreas disease in dogs that may be associated with numerous risk factors. The absence of a test, non-invasive, sensitive and specific enough, combined with the lack of specific clinical signs makes the diagnosis of pancreatitis challenging. However, abdominal ultrasound is an easy to use test that combined with the increasing specialization of the veterinarian has been very useful in detecting pancreatic changes.

A importância da cirurgia de Fissura Lábio-Palatina para o restabelecimento social do indivíduo

O propósito deste trabalho foi descrever, através de uma revisão de literatura, a importância social da cirurgia da fenda lábio-palatina, enfocando os aspectos psicológicos e sociais do indivíduo fissurado. A literatura indicou que indivíduos que ainda não fizeram a cirurgia tendem a ser observadores e a procurar atividades mais passivas. Além disso, estudos revelam dificuldades de fazer amigos e de se relacionar com o sexo oposto. A aparência externa é muito importante na sociedade atual, e desvios da normalidade, como as anomalias craniomaxilofaciais, podem acarretar efeitos profundos sobre esses indivíduos e quem os rodeia.

Plastias de estenoses de intestino delgado na doença de Crohn: resultados imediatos e tardios

BACKGROUND: Strictureplasty is an alternative surgical procedure for Crohn?s disease, particulary in patients with previous resections or many intestinal stenosis. AIM: To analyze surgical complications and clinical follow-up in patients submitted to strictureplasty secondary to Crohn?s disease. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients (57.1% male, mean age 33.3 years, range 16-54 years) with Crohn?s disease and intestinal stenosis (small bowel, ileocecal region and ileocolic anastomosis) were submitted to strictureplasty, at one institution, between September 1991 and May 2004. Thirteen patients had previous intestinal resections. The mean follow-up was 58.1 months. A total of 116 strictureplasties were done (94 Heineke-Mikulicz - 81%, 15 Finney - 13%, seven side-to-side ileocolic strictureplasty - 6%). Three patients were submitted to strictureplasty at two different surgical procedures and two in three procedures. RESULTS: Regarding to strictureplasty, postoperative complication rate was 25% and mortality was 3.6%. Early local complication rate was 57.1%, with three suture leaks (10.7%) and late complication was present in two patients, both with incisional hernial and enterocutaneous fistulas (28.6%). Patients remained hospitalized during a medium time of 12.4 days. Clinical and surgical recurrence rates were 63% and 41%, respectively. Among the patients submitted to another surgery, two patients had two more operations and one had three. Recurrence rate at strictureplasty site was observed in 3.5%, being Finney technique the commonest one. Presently, 19 patients had been asymptomatic with the majority of them under medical therapy. CONCLUSION: Strictureplasties have low complication rates, in spite of having been done at compromised site, with long term pain relief. Considering the clinical course of Crohn?s disease, with many patients being submitted to intestinal resections, strictureplasties should be considered as an effective surgical treatment to spare long intestinal resections.

Aplicação do escore MELD em pacientes submetidos a transplante de fígado: análise retrospectiva da sobrevida e dos fatores preditivos a curto e longo prazo

BACKGROUND: The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) was developed to predict short-term mortality in patients with cirrhosis. There are few reports studying the correlation between MELD and long-term posttransplantation survival. AIM: To assess the value of pretransplant MELD in the prediction of posttransplant survival. METHODS: The adult patients (age >18 years) who underwent liver transplantation were examined in a retrospective longitudinal cohort of patients, through the prospective data base. We excluded acute liver failure, retransplantation and reduced or split-livers. The liver donors were evaluated according to: age, sex, weight, creatinine, bilirubin, sodium, aspartate aminotransferase, personal antecedents, brain death cause, steatosis, expanded criteria donor number and index donor risk. The recipients' data were: sex, age, weight, chronic hepatic disease, Child-Turcotte-Pugh points, pretransplant and initial MELD score, pretransplant creatinine clearance, sodium, cold and warm ischemia times, hospital length of stay, blood requirements, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT >1,000 UI/L = liver dysfunction). The Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test was used for the univariable analyses of posttransplant patient survival. For the multivariable analyses the Cox proportional hazard regression method with the stepwise procedure was used with stratifying sodium and MELD as variables. ROC curve was used to define area under the curve for MELD and Child-Turcotte-Pugh. RESULTS: A total of 232 patients with 10 years follow up were available. The MELD cutoff was 20 and Child-Turcotte-Pugh cutoff was 11.5. For MELD score > 20, the risk factors for death were: red cell requirements, liver dysfunction and donor's sodium. For the patients with hyponatremia the risk factors were: negative delta-MELD score, red cell requirements, liver dysfunction and donor's sodium. The regression univariated analyses came up with the following risk factors for death: score MELD > 25, blood requirements, recipient creatinine clearance pretransplant and age donor >50. After stepwise analyses, only red cell requirement was predictive. Patients with MELD score < 25 had a 68.86%, 50,44% and 41,50% chance for 1, 5 and 10-year survival and > 25 were 39.13%, 29.81% and 22.36% respectively. Patients without hyponatremia were 65.16%, 50.28% and 41,98% and with hyponatremia 44.44%, 34.28% and 28.57% respectively. Patients with IDR > 1.7 showed 53.7%, 27.71% and 13.85% and index donor risk <1.7 was 63.62%, 51.4% and 44.08%, respectively. Age donor > 50 years showed 38.4%, 26.21% and 13.1% and age donor <50 years showed 65.58%, 26.21% and 13.1%. Association with delta-MELD score did not show any significant difference. Expanded criteria donors were associated with primary non-function and severe liver dysfunction. Predictive factors for death were blood requirements, hyponatremia, liver dysfunction and donor's sodium. CONCLUSION: In conclusion MELD over 25, recipient's hyponatremia, blood requirements, donor's sodium were associated with poor survival.

Desmoid tumor in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis

CONTEXT: Desmoid tumors constitute one of the most important extraintestinal manifestations of familial adenomatous polyposis. The development of desmoids is responsible for increasing morbidity and mortality rates in cases of familial adenomatous polyposis. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the occurrence of desmoid tumors in familial adenomatous polyposis cases following prophylactic colectomy and to present patient outcome. METHODS: Between 1984 and 2008, 68 patients underwent colectomy for familial adenomatous polyposis at the School of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil. Desmoid tumors were found in nine (13.2%) of these patients, who were studied retrospectively by consulting their medical charts with respect to clinical and surgical data. RESULTS: Of nine patients, seven (77.8%) were submitted to laparotomy for tumor resection. Median age at the time of surgery was 33.9 years (range 22-51 years). Desmoid tumors were found in the abdominal wall in 3/9 cases (33.3%) and in an intra-abdominal site in the remaining six cases (66.7%). Median time elapsed between ileal pouch-anal anastomosis and diagnosis of desmoid tumor was 37.5 months (range 14-60 months), while the median time between colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis and diagnosis was 63.7 months (range 25-116 months). In 6/9 (66.7%) patients with desmoid tumors, the disease was either under control or there was no evidence of tumor recurrence at a follow-up visit made a mean of 63.1 months later (range 12-240 months). CONCLUSIONS: Desmoid tumors were found in 13.2% of cases of familial adenomatous polyposis following colectomy; therefore, familial adenomatous polyposis patients should be followed-up and surveillance should include abdominal examination to detect signs and symptoms. Treatment options include surgery and clinical management with antiestrogens, antiinflammatory drugs or chemotherapy.

Variation of the anal resting pressure induced by postexpiratory apnea effort in patients with constipation

CONTEXT: Intestinal constipation - a common symptom among the general population - is more frequent in women. It may be secondary to an improper diet or organic or functional disturbances, such as dyskinesia of the pelvic floor. This is basically characterized by the absence of relaxation or paradoxical contraction of the pelvic floor and anal sphincter during evacuation. OBJECTIVE: To analyze, by manometric data, the anal pressure variation at rest, during evacuation effort by using the Valsalva maneuver and forced post-expiratory apnea in subjects with secondary constipation. METHODS: Twenty-one patients (19 females - 90.4%) with a mean age of 47.5 years old (23-72) were studied. The diagnosis was performed using anorectal manometry, with a catheter containing eight channels disposed at the axial axis, measuring the proximal (1) and distal (2) portions of the anal orifice. The elevation of the pressure values in relation to the resting with the evacuation effort was present in all patients. The Agachan score was used for clinical evaluation of constipation. The variables studied were: mean anal pressure of the anal orifice for 20 seconds at rest, the effort of evacuation using Valsalva maneuver and the effort of evacuation during apnea after forced expiration, as well as the area under the curve of the manometric tracing at moments Valsalva and apnea. RESULTS: The analysis of the mean values of the anal pressure variation at rest evidenced difference between proximal and distal channels (P = 0.007), independent of the moment and tendency to differ during moments Valsalva and apnea (P = 0.06). The mean of values of the area under the manometric tracing curve showed differences between moments Valsalva and apnea (P = 0.0008), either at the proximal portion or at the distal portion of the anal orifice. CONCLUSION: The effort of evacuation associated with postexpiratory apnea, when compared with the effort associated with the Valsalva maneuver, provides lower elevation of anal pressure at rest by the parameter area under the curve.

Rigidez do papelão ondulado: comparação entre resultados experimentais e os obtidos por cálculo analítico

Cardboard packing for horticultural products has as main function to protect them. The design of a cardboard packing request the knowledge of the bending stiffens which is depending on the modulus of elasticity. The objective of this work was to calculate the cardboard modulus of elasticity from data obtained in laboratory using physical characterization test, with different methods, and comparing the results with the values obtained experimentally. Ten samples of each cardboard selected for this study were tested in the paper fabrication direction and in its transverse direction. The papers liner and medium resistance to the traction, used to calculate the bending stiffness, was determined in a universal machine test. To obtaining of the bending stiffens the four points test was accomplished. Expressive variations among the methods from which the modulus of elasticity is obtained were observed and that influence the bending stiffness of the structure. The stiffness values obtained experimentally were always greater than the values obtained from analytical method. This difference can be attributed to two factors, the production processes that assurance a larger rigidity than the components separately and the addition of the adhesive layer that is not taken in consideration in the analytic calculations.

Movimento humano em uma perspectiva psicossomática: estudos de Judith Kestenberg

This paper considers Judith Kestenberg's approach to the psychic contextualization of human body movements, presenting: 1) the main movement categories identified by Kestenberg and their meanings; 2) the relations (affinities and shocks) within these movement patterns; 3) the relations between the initial preferences of a child for certain rhythms of movements and his/her movement patterns in adult life. The aim of this research was to present Kestenberg's studies, which offer a necessary knowledge to those willing to comprehend human body movement in a therapeutic context.

Programas de educação de jovens e adultos e pesquisa acadêmica: a contribuição dos estudos do letramento

The purpose of this article is to introduce elements that allow building an interface between the academic research and the programs of basic education for youngsters and adults. It discusses contributions to these programs that can be found in the results of qualitative research studies. To this end, results of a five-year long project on teacher education are used, which aim was that of analyzing the interaction between teacher and student in youngster and adult literacy classes. The research project was conducted in natural contexts with the purpose of understanding a given social reality, and not of establishing general laws. Therefore, the credibility of its results was built through the observation of multiple contexts, and the gathering of data was made through various methods, from the perspective of several participants observed during a prolonged period of time. This empirical basis was used to evaluate recommendations contained in the report commissioned by Unesco to the International Literacy Institute for presentation at the World Forum on Education held in 2000 in Dakar. This report proposed that the continuous attendance of students to basic education programs is one of the great challenges of the new millennium. With respect to the problem of adult evasion from courses and programs, the article discusses the motivation and accessibility factors, pointed out in official documents as relevant factors to the success or failure of the programs.

O uso da mitomicina C em cirurgia combinada

Purpose: To analyze the efficacy and safety of intraope-rative mitomycin C (MMC) in combined procedures (extra-capsular cataract extraction + trabeculectomy). Methods: Twenty-four patients were randomized to either MMC (0.5 mg/ml) (n = 14) or saline solution (n = 10) for 3 minutes during the combined procedure. Results: Twelve months after surgery, mean IOP in the MMC group (13.2 ± 2.9 mmHg) was significantly lower than in the control group (16.3 ± 3.9 mmHg) (p = 0.02). The mean number of medications used during the 12-month follow-up in the control group (1.33 ± 0.5) was significantly higher than in the MMC-treated group (0.5 ± 0.5) (p = 0.005). Life table analysis showed a significantly higher probability of IOP control in the MMC group than in the control group (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Intraoperative MMC is safe and effective in pro-moting a better IOP control and reducing the need for postoperative antiglaucoma medications. We suggest intraope-rative MMC to be routinely employed in combined procedures.

Comparação da eficácia da ropivacaína 1% quando associada ou não à hialuronidase na anestesia peribulbar para cirurgia de catarata

Purpose: To evaluate the onset time and quality of peribulbar anesthesia with 1% ropivacaine associated or not with hyaluronidase 100 tru/ml for cataract extraction. Methods: Prospective, randomized, double-blind and controlled study including fifty-seven patients, scheduled to undergo peribulbar anesthesia for cataract extraction, allocated to two groups. Group C: 1% ropivacaine with addition of 100 tru/ml hyaluronidase, and Group S 1% ropivacaine, without hyaluronidase. The onset time for globe akinesia was studied at intervals of 2 minutes, using Nicoll's score. We evaluated pain by analogic score during the surgery and the necessity of complementing the anaesthesia. The peribulbar block was considered satisfactory when the Nicoll's score was less than 4. Results: The mean time of onset of block in group C was 4.07 minutes (± 3.24), and in group S 5.03 (± 3.28). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Both were similar regarding pain score, no pain was observed in 57.14% of group C, and in 68.97% of group S. The supplementary anesthetic was necessary in 2 cases of group C and in 3 cases of group S. Two cases of bradycardia (heart rate < 50 bpm) were observed during the surgery, and in one case administration of atropine IV was necessary. Conclusion: 1% ropivacaine provided a good quality of anesthesia for cataract extraction, with a faster onset of action in the group with hyaluronidase 100 iu/ml, although without significant difference.