Hrus̆ts̆ovin kylmä rauha

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Semeadura direta de canafístula (Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.)taub. No enriquecimento de capoeiras

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o comportamento da canafistula (Peltophorumdubium), em semeadura direta a campo, em área de capoeira originada após o abandono do local utilizado com cultivos agrícolas sucessivos. No local foram roçadas faixas de 1,5 m, a cada 3 m. A semeadura foi realizada em setembro de 1997. Visando proteger os pontos semeados, foram utilizados diferentes tipos de protetores (copos de plástico e copos de papel, sem fundo e laminado de madeira), fixados sobre os pontos semeados com três sementes cada. As sementes foram escarificadas mecanicamente a 1.725 rpm, durante 60 segundos, com lixa Norton 60. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com seis repetições. As variáveis avaliadas foram emergência, sobrevivência, número de pontos com plantas, densidade a 1 ano e altura das plantas aos 18 meses. Os resultados obtidos aos nove meses demonstraram que a utilização de qualquer um dos protetores físicos contribuiu para o estabelecimento de plantas em mais de 80% dos pontos semeados, e em mais de 75%, um ano após a semeadura, quando utilizado o laminado, o que indica que a semeadura direta é uma alternativa de implantação para a espécie, possibilitando transformar as áreas de capoeiras em um sistema agroflorestal ou mesmo silvipastoril, no futuro.

Multiplicação in vitro de gemas axilares de acácia-negra (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.)

A acácia-negra (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.) é uma espécie de difícil micropropagação devido à pequena capacidade de multiplicação e desenvolvimento de gemas. O presente estudo visou determinar a influência de diferentes citocininas na proliferação de gemas axilares em segmentos nodais de A. mearnsii. Plântulas germinadas in vitro forneceram explantes que foram inoculadas em meio básico B5 (GAMBORG et al., 1968). Testaram-se as citocininas: BAP (6-benzilaminopurina), BA (6-benziladenosina), 2iP (gama,gama-isopenteniladenina) e cinetina (6-furfuralamino-purina). Diferentes concentrações desses reguladores de crescimento foram empregadas: 1 mgL-1, 2 mgL-1 e 3 mgL-1. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial, com seis repetições e cinco plantas por parcela. As avaliações foram feitas aos 30 dias, através da contagem de gemas alongadas e da presença de calos. A utilização de BAP a 2 mgL-1 promoveu a maior taxa de multiplicação de gemas (3,5 brotos/explante).

Rebrota de cepas de árvores adultas de acácia-negra (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.)

O rejuvenescimento de árvores que alcançaram a maturidade de acácia-negra (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.) torna-se necessário devido à dificuldade do enraizamento de ramos adultos. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a influência da altura de cepa no desenvolvimento de brotações e o melhor período para o corte das árvores. Os ensaios foram instalados em um plantio comercial de acácia-negra aos cinco anos de idade, desenvolvendo-se em espaçamentos de 1,0 x 1,30 m. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso com seis repetições e seis plantas por parcela. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de diferentes alturas de cepa com corte à altura de: (a) 15 cm, (b) 30 cm, (c) 45 cm e (d) 60 cm. Os ensaios foram instalados no outono (março) e na primavera (setembro). Foram feitas avaliações aos 45, 90 e 150 dias, através da contagem de cepas com brotações e número de brotações por cepa. O corte das árvores na altura de 60 cm promoveu elevado índice de rebrota, com aproximadamente 90% das cepas apresentando brotações novas. Na primavera, obteve-se melhor rebrota de árvores adultas de acácia-negra, em comparação com o ensaio do outono. Esses resultados indicaram a influência da altura de cepa e do período do ano na capacidade de rebrota de indivíduos adultos de Acacia mearnsii.

Isän visiot, tyttären urotyöt

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Initial development of two eucalyptus hybrid submitted to irrigation

The eucalyptus offers several advantages compared to other forestry species and, by using the irrigation can increase productivity and decrease production time. The objective of the present study was to evaluate two hybrid eucalyptus (Grancam and Urograndis), no irrigation, dripping and micro sprinkler irrigated at 90, 120, 150 and 180 days after transplanting (DAT). The experiment was conducted at the experimental irrigation area in the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, in the municipality of Aquidauna - State of MS, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, split plot with four blocks and two replications within each block, and the plots were composed by irrigation treatments (dripping, micro sprinkler irrigate and dry) and the subplots the hybrids (Grancam and Urograndis).The total area of the experiment had 3 hectares, where each plot consisted of 1 ha. It was evaluated plant height, stem diameter and canopy, stem basal area, the relationship between height and stem diameter, the relationship between height and canopy diameter and stem volume. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. Irrigation systems and dripping sprinkle provide greater plant height, stem diameter, canopy diameter, stem basal area and stem volume.

Soursop seedlings: emergence and development under different cultivation environments and substrates – Part I

ABSTRACT Seedling quality is crucial to obtain vigorous plants in the field. This study aims to evaluate the emergence and development of soursop seedlings in different substrates in protected environments. The experiment was conducted at the Mato Grosso do Sul State University and carried out using five protected environments: greenhouse, greenhouse with thermo-reflective screen, nursery with monofilament screen, nursery with thermo-reflective screen, and nursery with palm thatch. The substrates (S) consisted of cattle manure (M), humus (H), cassava branches (C), and vermiculite (V) as in the following ratios: S1 = H + V (1:3), S2 = H + V (1:1), S3 = H + V (3:1), S4 = H + C (1:3), S5 = H + C (1:1), S6 = H + C (3:1), S7 = M + V (1:3), S8 = M + V (1:1), S9 = M + V (3:1), S10 = M + C (1:3), S11 = M + C (1:1), S12 = M + C (3:1), S13 = H + M + V (1:1:1), S14 = H + M + C (1:1:1), and S15 = H + M + V + C (1:1:1:1). For the statistical analysis, each of those environments was considered as an experiment in which was used the completely randomized design; subsequently, it was performed a combined analysis of them. In summary, the greenhouse with thermo-reflective screen and combined substrates with “M + V” promote greater development of the seedlings. High concentrations of “V” or “C” cause no beneficial effect on soursop seedlings.

Soursop seedlings: biomasses and biometric relations in different farming environments and substrates – Part II

ABSTRACT The quality of seedling is critical to obtain vigorous plants in the field. The present study aimed to assess biomasses and biometric relations of soursop seedlings. We used different substrates in protected environments. The experiment was performed at the Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) (State University of Mato Grosso do Sul). Five farming environments were developed in greenhouses: one covered with low-density polyethylene film (LDPE), another with with polyethylene and heat-reflective cloth under film under 50% shading in aluminized color, monofilament cloth under 50% shading in black, thermo-reflective cloth under 50% shading in aluminized color, and an environment covered with bacuri coconut straw. Substrates were made of manure, humus, cassava branches and vermiculite at different proportions. Each of them varying from 25%, 33.3%, 50% and 75% in mixture combination. Each environment was considered an experiment. A completely randomized design was adopted and later a joint analysis of them. Agricultural greenhouse covered with LDPE and thermo-reflective cloths under 50% of shading, proportionated seedlings with greater biomass. Substrates containing manure are the most suitable for soursop seedlings. High percentages of earthworm humus produce low quality soursop seedlings. Soursop seedlings had a Dickson’s quality index around 0.335. The greenhouse covered only with LDPE film did not produce high quality seedlings.

Turgida turgida (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) parasitic in white-bellied opossum, Didelphis albiventris (Marsupialia: Didelphidae), state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Turgida turgida have been largely reported parasitizing Didelphis species in North and South America based on light microscopy observation. However, the features that differentiate T. turgida from other physalopterid species should be observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A female white-bellied opossum, Didelphis albiventris, arrived dead at the Centro de Reabilitação de Animais Silvestres (CRAS) in the municipality of Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. During the necropsy, adult nematodes were collected from stomach and intestine. The nematodes were determined to be adult specimens and submitted to SEM for the species determination. This is the first report of T. turgida confirmed by SEM in the Neotropical region and the first report in an urban area in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

Use of nucleotides in weanling rats with diarrhea induced by a lactose overload: effect on the evolution of diarrhea and weight and on the histopathology of intestine, liver and spleen

Until recently, dietary sources of nucleotides were thought not to be essential for good nutrition. Certain states with higher metabolic demands may require larger amounts that cannot be provided by endogenous production. The objective of the present study was to determine the action of nucleotides on the recovery from lactose-induced diarrhea in weaned rats. Thirty-six weanling Fisher rats were divided into two groups. Group 1 received a standard diet and group 2 received a diet containing lactose in place of starch. On the 10th day, six animals per group were sacrificed for histopathological evaluation. The remaining animals were divided into two other subgroups, each with 6 animals, receiving a control diet, a control diet with nucleotides (0.05% adenosine monophosphate, 0.05% guanosine monophosphate, 0.05% cytidine monophosphate, 0.05% uridine monophosphate and 0.05% inosine monophosphate), a diet with lactose, and a diet with lactose and nucleotides. On the 32nd day of the experiment all animals were sacrificed. Animals with diarrhea weighed less than animals without diarrhea. The introduction of nucleotides did not lead to weight gain. Mean diet consumption was lower in the group that continued to ingest lactose, with the group receiving lactose plus nucleotides showing a lower mean consumption. Animals receiving lactose had inflammatory reaction and deposits of periodic acid-Schiff-positive material in intestinal, hepatic and splenic tissues. The introduction of nucleotides led to an improvement of the intestinal inflammatory reaction. In lactose-induced diarrhea, when the stimulus is maintained - lactose overload - the nucleotides have a limited action on the weight gain and on recovery of intestinal morphology, although they have a protective effect on hepatic injury and improve the inflammatory response.

500 cm3, Naas sur A.B.C. [critérium motocycliste de l'A.A.M.M., Association des anciens motocyclistes militaires à Auxerre, le 24 mai 1920] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 59359

750 cm3, Moret sur Triumph [critérium motocycliste de l'A.A.M.M., Association des anciens motocyclistes militaires à Auxerre, le 24 mai 1920] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 59360

500 cm3, Bonnefond sur Rover [critérium motocycliste de l'A.A.M.M., Association des anciens motocyclistes militaires à Auxerre, le 24 mai 1920] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 59365

1000 cm3, Foulhoux sur Harley-Davidson [critérium motocycliste de l'A.A.M.M., Association des anciens motocyclistes militaires à Auxerre, le 24 mai 1920] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 59366