Approximate theory of natural-convection with small grashof number

To gain some insight into the behaviour of low-gravity flows in the material processing in space, an approximate theory has been developed for the convective motion of fluids with a small Grashof number Gr. The expansion of the variables into a series of Gr reduces the Boussinesq equation to a system of weakly coupled linearly inhomogeneous equations. Moreover, the analogy concept is proposed and utilized in the study of the plate bending problems in solid mechanics. Two examples are investigated in detail, i. e. the 2-dimensional steady flows in either circular or square infinite closed cylinder, which is horizontally imposed at a specified temperature of linear distribution on the boundaries. The results for stream function ψ, velocity u and temperature T are provided. The analysis of the influences of some parameters such as the Grashof number Gr and the Prandtl number Pr, on motions will lead to several interesting conclusions. The theory seems to be useful for seeking for an analytical solutions. At least, it will greatly simplify the complicated problems originally governed by the Navier-Stokes equation including buoyancy. It is our hope that the theory might be applicable to unsteady or 3-dimensional cases in future.

Monte Carlo Valuation of natural gas investments

This paper deals with the valuation of energy assets related to natural gas. In particular, we evaluate a baseload Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) power plant and an ancillary instalation, namely a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) facility, in a realistic setting; specifically, these investments enjoy a long useful life but require some non-negligible time to build. Then we focus on the valuation of several investment options again in a realistic setting. These include the option to invest in the power plant when there is uncertainty concerning the initial outlay, or the option's time to maturity, or the cost of CO2 emission permits, or when there is a chance to double the plant size in the future. Our model comprises three sources of risk. We consider uncertain gas prices with regard to both the current level and the long-run equilibrium level; the current electricity price is also uncertain. They all are assumed to show mean reversion. The two-factor model for natural gas price is calibrated using data from NYMEX NG futures contracts. Also, we calibrate the one-factor model for electricity price using data from the Spanish wholesale electricity market, respectively. Then we use the estimated parameter values alongside actual physical parameters from a case study to value natural gas plants. Finally, the calibrated parameters are also used in a Monte Carlo simulation framework to evaluate several American-type options to invest in these energy assets. We accomplish this by following the least squares MC approach.

Photographic analysis of natural and impounded salt marsh in the vicinity of Merritt Island, Florida

Qualitative analyses of available photographs and maps of Merritt Island, Florida provide a large-scale, historical perspective of ecological changes of the marshes in the vicinity. Sites that deserve closer scrutiny can be identified. Secondarily, such an analysis provides a geographical orientation essential for communication not only between newcomers and those familiar with the area, but also among those familiar with the area but who refer to sites by differing methods. Photographs and maps from various sources were examined. Below are listed what we consider to be the most useful subset of these for ecological and geographical assessment of salt marsh impoundments on Merritt Island, Florida. (Document has 25 pages.)

In vitro activities of natural products against oral Candida isolates from denture wearers

Background: Candida-associated denture stomatitis is a frequent infectious disease. Treatment of this oral condition is difficult because failures and recurrences are common. The aim of this study was to test the in vitro antifungal activity of pure constituents of essentials oils. -- Methods: Eight terpenic derivatives (carvacrol, farnesol, geraniol, linalool, menthol, menthone, terpinen-4-ol, and aterpineol), a phenylpropanoid (eugenol), a phenethyl alcohol (tyrosol) and fluconazole were evaluated against 38 Candida isolated from denture-wearers and 10 collection Candida strains by the CLSI M27-A3 broth microdilution method. -- Results: Almost all the tested compounds showed antifungal activity with MIC ranges of 0.03-0.25% for eugenol and linalool, 0.03-0.12% for geraniol, 0.06-0.5% for menthol, a-terpineol and terpinen-4-ol, 0.03-0.5% for carvacrol, and 0.06-4% for menthone. These compounds, with the exception of farnesol, menthone and tyrosol, showed important in vitro activities against the fluconazole-resistant and susceptible-dose dependent Candida isolates. -- Conclusions: Carvacrol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool and terpinen-4-ol were very active in vitro against oral Candida isolates. Their fungistatic and fungicidal activities might convert them into promising alternatives for the topic treatment of oral candidiasis and denture stomatitis.

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controled clinical trial of sublingual immunotherapy in natural rubber latex allergic patients

Trial registration number: CTRN12611000543987

Natural Suppression of the Aquatic Weed Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell, by Two Previously Unreported Fungal Pathogens

Salvinia molesta D. S. Mitchell (Salviniaceae), variously called giant salvinia, water fern or African payal, is a vegetatively reproducing, perennial, free-floating, aquatic weed, native to southeastern Brazil (Waterhouse and Norris 1987). It (hereafter called salvinia) is a very serious weed in most regions outside its native range (Harley and Mitchell 1981) including India. The purpose of this paper is to report on two fungal pathogens that were found to be the cause of a sudden decline in salvinia in Bangalore.(PDF has 4 pages.)

Coro celeste a quatro vozes : vida musica em solfa metrica, da esclarecida, augustiniana, beata Rita : advogada poderosa dos impossiveis com hum ramilhete de seus milagres, colhido na floresta das suas virtudes, com hum encomio mais a mesma Santa, e um periodo Latino a sua morte, com que a devoção obsequiosa do author coroa o livro : offerecido ao senhor Sylvestre Peyxoto da Silva / author Luís Botelho Froes de Figueyredo, philosopho, canonista, natural de Villa de Santarem

Luis Botelho Fróis de Figueiredo nasceu em Santarém, em 1675, e morreu em Alicante, Espanha, em 1720. Estudou direito canônico e filosofia na Universidade de Coimbra.

Varios prodigios de amor, en onze novelas : exemplares, nuevas : nunca vistas, ni impressas : las cinco escritas sin una de las cinco letras vocales, y las otras de gusto, y apacible entretenimiento / compuestas por diferentes autores, los mejores ingenios de Espana : recogidas por Isidro de Robles, natural de esta coronada Villa de Madrid : dedicadas al glorioso San Geronimo, Padre y protector de los mercadores de libros desta Corte : con licencia

Isidro de Robles reuniu e publicou em espanhol uma coletânea de onze novelas de vários autores, afirmando serem elas inéditas. Sabe-se, contudo, que as cinco primeiras, de autoria de Alfonso de Alcaláy Henares, escritor e poeta português (Lisboa, 1599 – Alcalá, 1682) já haviam sido publicadas sob o título “Vários effetos de amor en cinco novellas exemplares...”. cuja edição princeps, considerada raríssima, foi publicada em Lisboa, no ano de 1641. As cinco novelas chamaram a atenção e agradaram ao publico, que valorizou O esforço literário e a genialidade do autor por tê-las escrito omitindo uma determinada vogal. Assim, na primeira novela todas as palavras Foram escritas sem a letra a, na segunda sem a letra e, etc.

Primera y segunda parte de Guzman de Alfarache por Mateo Aleman, criado del Rey Nuestro Senor, natural, y vezino de Sevilha : dedicada ao muy noble cavallero, Don Florencio Alonso Carrafa, Calderon, Trexo, Paniagua : con licencia

Gvzman de Alfarache é um dos mais extensos e Importantes romances picarescos de que se tem noticia. Foi publicado, inicialmente, em duas partes: a primeira, em Madri, em 1599, intitulada ‘Primera parte de la vida dei P. Ícaro Gvzman de Alfarache’, a segunda, em Barcelona, em 1605, com o titulo ‘Segvnda parte de la vida de Gvzman de Alfarache, atalaya de la vida humana, por Mateo Aleman, su verdadero autor’. Consta que, em 1602, por ter sido publicada uma segunda parte apócrifa escrita pelo advogado valenciano Juan José Marti, Alemán acrescentou ao título a informação ‘su verdadeiro autor’. O romance é a autobiografia de um velhaco que depois de aventuras de todo gênero, conta com detalhes, a sua vida em tom cético e pessimista, com o estoicismo espanhol e características típicas do Barroco. Em seis anos o romance teve vinte e três edições e foi traduzido para o francês, o inglês e o italiano. Alemán utilizou pela primeira vez o termo pícaro para simbolizar a humanidade propensão crime

Eneida portugueza : que contem os primeiros seis livros de Virgilio : seu author João Franco Barreto, natural da cidade de Lisboa : com argumentos de Cosmo Ferreira de Brum, e com o Diccionario de todos os nomes proprios, e fabulas, que nestes seis livros de Virgilio se contem, e a explicação delles, para melhor intelligencia do poeta

João Franco Barreto, escritor português, nasceu em Lisboa em 1600, ignorando-se a data de sua morte. Em 1624, integrou expedição de libertação da Bahia das mãos dos holandeses. Ao regressar a Portugal dedicou-se às letras: escreveu obras como ‘Cyparisso’, ‘Biblioteca Portuguesa’, ‘Ortografia portuguesa’; traduziu a Eneida, de Virgílio; e dirigiu a edição de um Dicionário dos nomes próprios que se encontram nos Lusíadas de Luis de Camões. Segundo Inocêncio, essa tradução de Barreto, publicada em 1763, corresponde à segunda edição, ainda que esta informação não figure no corpo da obra, e ‘seja em demasia parafrástica, e que muitas vezes não reproduza fielmente o sentido do original, em razão das dificuldades da rima, a que o tradutor quis sujeitar-se, todavia, a pureza e correção de linguagem com que foi escrita juntas à louçania do estilo, e a uma versificação quase sempre fluida e harmoniosa, fazem e farão sempre com que este trabalho não seja de todo esquecido, apesar de terem aparecido depois outras versões sem dúvida mais perfeitas’. A coleção, dividida em dois volumes, traz os livros I a Vl e VII a XII. A primeira parte, que corresponde à ‘Odisséia’, narra as viagens de Enéas até a sua chegada à Itália. A segunda, a exemplo da ‘llíada’, descreve as guerras pela conquista do Lácio até a fundação do reino de Lavinio.

Simulation of Natural Gas Production in Hydrate Reservoirs

This paper simulates a one-dimensional physical model of natural gas production from hydrate dissociation in a reservoir by depressurization. According to the principles of solid hydrate decomposition in stratum and flow of natural gas in porous medium, the pressure governing equations for both gas zone and hydrate zone are set up based on the physical production model. Using the approximation reported by N. N. Verigin et al. (1980), the nonlinear governing equations are simplified and the self-similar solutions are obtained. Through calculation, for different reservoir parameters, the distribution characters of pressure are analyzed. The decline trend of natural gas production rate with time is also studied. The simulation results show that production of natural gas from a hydrate reservoir is very sensitive to several reservoir parameters, such as wellbore pressure and stratum porosity and permeability.

Simulation of Vortex-dominant and Turbulent Flows in Natural Environment

In the present talk, the simulation of vortex dominant and turbulent flows are primarily addressed. To cope with complicated circumstances in environmental flows we illustrate the strategy of combining simplified physical model and suitable algorithm by a few examples.