Social class as a factor for the construction of a musician’s identity : The Musician’s social background and identity questionnaire (MSBIQ) – a cross-sectional comparative quantitative online survey research study of music students at two higher education institutions in Finland

There is currently little empirical knowledge regarding the construction of a musician’s identity and social class. With a theoretical framework based on Bourdieu’s (1984) distinction theory, Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) theory of ecological systems, and the identity theories of Erikson (1950; 1968) and Marcia (1966), a survey called the Musician’s Social Background and Identity Questionnaire (MSBIQ) is developed to test three research hypotheses related to the construction of a musician’s identity, social class and ecological systems of development. The MSBIQ is administered to the music students at Sibelius Academy of the University of Arts Helsinki and Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, representing the ’highbrow’ and the ’middlebrow’ samples in the field of music education in Finland. Acquired responses (N = 253) are analyzed and compared with quantitative methods including Pearson’s chi-square test, factor analysis and an adjusted analysis of variance (ANOVA). The study revealed that (1) the music students at Sibelius Academy and Metropolia construct their subjective musician’s identity differently, but (2) social class does not affect this identity construction process significantly. In turn, (3) the ecological systems of development, especially the individual’s residential location, do significantly affect the construction of a musician’s identity, as well as the age at which one starts to play one’s first musical instrument. Furthermore, a novel finding related to the structure of a musician’s identity was the tripartite model of musical identity consisting of the three dimensions of a musician’s identity: (I) ’the subjective dimension of a musician’s identity’, (II) ’the occupational dimension of a musician’s identity’ and, (III) ’the conservative-liberal dimension of a musician’s identity’. According to this finding, a musician’s identity is not a uniform, coherent entity, but a structure consisting of different elements continuously working in parallel within different dimensions. The results and limitations related to the study are discussed, as well as the objectives related to future studies using the MSBIQ to research the identity construction and social backgrounds of a musician or other performing artists.

Wäg-karta öfver Finland Utgifwen af Kongl. Landtmäteri Kontoret 1806.

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Charta öfver Uleåborgs höfdingedöme på friherre S. G. Hermelins anstalt och omkostnad författad enligt särskilde chartor och anmärkningar under resor af C. P. Hällström auscultant i Kongl. Bergs Colleg.

[1:750000].

Charta öfver Åbo och Björneborgs höfdingedöme utgifven af friherre S. G. Hermelin efter särskilde chartor författad af C. P. Hällström auscultant i Kl. Bergs Coll.

[1:540000].

Charta öfver Nylands och Tavastehus samt Kymmenegårds höfdingedömen utgifven af friherre S. G. Hermelin och författad af C. P. Hällström auscultant i Kl. Bergs Coll.

[1:540000].

Charta öfver Wasa höfdingedöme utgifven af friherre S. G. Hermelin författad af C. P. Hällström philos. mag. och ausc. vid auscultant i K. Bergs Coll.

[1:540000].

Självkänsla och familjestöd hos ungdomar med olika aggressionsroll : en representativ studie bland högstadieelever i Österbotten

Objektive: To examine differences in the degree of self-esteem and family support among adolescents involved in different aggression roles from Ostrobothnia in Finland and to examine the relation between aggression role, family support and self-esteem. Method: A sample of 3512 adolescents in school at grades 7 and 9 from Ostrobothnia was considered for this study. The sample consisted of 1741 boys and 1771 girls with the mean age of 14.3 years and SD of 1.10 years. Aggression was measured with the Mini Direct Indirect Aggression inventory (Mini-DIA) by Österman and Björkqvist (2008), self-esteem was measured with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) by Rosenberg (1965) and family support was measured with the family support part from the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (PSSS) by Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet and Farley (1988). Chi-square test, multivariate analysis and regression analyses were carried out. Results: The boys reported higher self-esteem and received higher family support than girls. The adolescents who were involved in aggression as victims or perpetrators reported lower self-esteem and family support than adolescents who were not involved in aggression. The regression analyses showed that family support and aggression role had significant effects on the adolescents’ self-esteem in both boys and girls. There was also an interaction effect between family support and aggression role for girls, so that the difference in self-esteem between perpetrator-victims and control group for example was higher for girls with low family support than for girls with high family support.

Spatiotemporal Features of Coastal Waters in Southwest Finland

In coastal waters, physico-chemical and biological properties and constituents vary at different time scales. In the study area of this thesis, within the Archipelago Sea in the northern Baltic Sea, seasonal cycles of light and temperature set preconditions for intra-annual variations, but developments at other temporal scales occur as well. Weather-induced runoffs and currents may alter water properties over the short term, and the consequences over time of eutrophication and global changes are to a degree unpredictable. The dynamic characteristics of northern Baltic Sea waters are further diversified at the archipelago coasts. Water properties may differ in adjacent basins, which are separated by island and underwater thresholds limiting water exchange, making the area not only a mosaic of islands but also one of water masses. Long-term monitoring and in situ observations provide an essential data reserve for coastal management and research. Since the seasonal amplitudes of water properties are so high, inter-annual comparisons of water-quality variables have to be based on observations sampled at the same time each year. In this thesis I compare areas by their temporal characteristics, using both inter-annual and seasonal data. After comparing spatial differences in seasonal cycles, I conclude that spatial comparisons and temporal generalizations have to be made with caution. In classifying areas by the state of their waters, the results may be biased even if the sampling is annually simultaneous, since the dynamics of water properties may vary according to the area. The most comprehensive view of the spatiotemporal dynamics of water properties would be achieved by means of comparisons with data consisting of multiple annual samples. For practical reasons, this cannot be achieved with conventional in situ sampling. A holistic understanding of the spatiotemporal features of the water properties of the Archipelago Sea will have to be based on the application of multiple methods, complementing each other’s spatial and temporal coverage. The integration of multi-source observational data and time-series analysis may be methodologically challenging, but it will yield new information as to the spatiotemporal regime of the Archipelago Sea.

Om hushållningens uphjelpande i Carelen

Invokaatio: M.G.H.

Om äng- och åkerskiötzel i Österbotn

Invokaatio: I.J.N.

De unctione omnia docente, I Joh. II: 27

Invokaatio: Q.B.V.J.D.T.O.M.

Oroliga inför framtiden : en studie av folkligt politiskt agerande bland bruksarbetarna i Billnäs ca 1900–1920

Åren 1901, 1905–1906 och 1917–1918 gjorde bruksarbetarna i Billnäs uppror mot bruksledningen och den lokala makteliten. Det lugna och harmoniska brukssamhället i Västnyland drabbades av djupgående konfrontationer som ledde till uppsägningar, vräkning av arbetarfamiljer och att slutligen 54 bruksarbetare miste livet till följd av deras upproriskhet. I den här avhandlingen undersöker jag med ett mikrohistoriskt angreppssätt folkligt politiskt agerande i det tidiga 1900-talets Finland. Genom att närma vanliga människors vardag och deras politiska föreställningar om samhället omkring dem, avser jag med den här avhandlingen skapa nya förståelser för politiskt agerande bland samhällets underordnade. För att kunna genomföra detta har jag i avhandlingen kombinerat olika slags källor: jag använder arkivmaterial, tidningar och intervjuer. Avhandlingens teoretiska ram utgörs av socialhistorisk forskning som studerar folkligt politiskt agerande på olika håll i världen och av nyare kulturhistorisk forskning som tar i beaktande hur klass, genus, språk och religion fungerade i människors vardag. Med den här avhandlingen vill jag bidra till att försöka skapa förståelse för vår tids politiska agerande (alltifrån upplopp till vardagligt motstånd) bland människor vars vardag påverkas av sociala och politiska omvälvningar. Kan olika former av folkligt politiskt agerande förstås som uttryck för att allt flera idag, liksom bruksarbetarna i början av 1900-talet, är oroliga inför framtiden?

Show me your brain! Stories of interdisciplinary knowledge creation in practice. Experiences and observations from Aalto Design Factory, Finland.

This dissertation centres on the themes of knowledge creation, interdisciplinarity and knowledge work. My research approaches interdisciplinary knowledge creation (IKC) as practical situated activity. I argue that by approaching IKC from the practice-based perspective makes it possible to “deconstruct” how knowledge creation actually happens, and demystify its strong intellectual, mentalistic and expertise-based connotations. I have rendered the work of the observed knowledge workers into something ordinary, accessible and routinized. Consequently this has made it possible to grasp the pragmatic challenges as well the concrete drivers of such activity. Thus the effective way of organizing such activities becomes a question of organizing and leading effective everyday practices. To achieve that end, I have conducted ethnographic research of one explicitly interdisciplinary space within higher education, Aalto Design Factory in Helsinki, Finland, where I observed how students from different disciplines collaborated in new product development projects. I argue that IKC is a multi-dimensional construct that intertwines a particular way of doing; a way of experiencing; a way of embodied being; and a way of reflecting on the very doing itself. This places emphasis not only the practices themselves, but also on the way the individual experiences the practices, as this directly affects how the individual practices. My findings suggest that in order to effectively organize and execute knowledge creation activities organizations need to better accept and manage the emergent diversity and complexity inherent in such activities. In order to accomplish this, I highlight the importance of understanding and using a variety of (material) objects, the centrality of mundane everyday practices, the acceptance of contradictions and negotiations well as the role of management that is involved and engaged. To succeed in interdisciplinary knowledge creation is to lead not only by example, but also by being very much present in the very everyday practices that make it happen.

Någre enfaldige christendoms frågor, skrifte-barn til tjenst i Esbo församling, författade af En Christen

Invokaatio: I Herrans wälsignade namn.