A PSICOPEDAGOGIA SERIA UMA POSSIBILIDADE PARA O ENFRENTAMENTO DAS DIFICULDADES DE APRENDIZAGEM?

A prática do professor em sala de aula é de extrema importância para um bom desenvolvimento do educando. No ensino básico podemos perceber grande número de crianças com dificuldades de aprendizagem relacionadas à leitura e à escrita elas sabem ler o que está escrito, mas não conseguem interpretar o que estão lendo. Diante desse contexto, este estudo teve por objetivo realizar uma discussão para verificar se, efetivamente, os conhecimentos psicopedagógicos são facilitadores para a organização de intervenções na prática pedagógica de professores que enfrentam dificuldades de aprendizagem de alunos no processo de leitura e escrita, e investigar se os professores que possuem os conhecimentos psicopedagógicos têm mais sucesso em termos de resultados satisfatórios frente às intervenções com seus alunos, em relação aos professores que não possuem estes conhecimentos. Este estudo se delimitou no âmbito do Ensino Fundamental, e teve como sujeitos, seis professores pedagogos que atuam ou atuaram, nos 3º ou 4º anos do Ciclo I (das séries iniciais) em escolas públicas na grande São Paulo três que possuem o curso de psicopedagogia e três que não possuem o curso de psicopedagogia, e teve como motivadoras as seguintes questões: A prática psicopedagógica pode contribuir de forma positiva no contexto escolar? O professor pedagogo, com os conhecimentos psicopedagógicos, tem mais facilidade para lidar com dificuldades de aprendizagem? É realizada, também, uma recuperação histórica sobre o surgimento da Psicopedagogia no Brasil e seu campo de atuação, além de reflexões sobre se a discussão acerca das dificuldades de aprendizagem está relacionada com as dificuldades de ensinagem". O referencial teórico básico, para o aprofundamento de algumas discussões propostas, baseou-se em autores como Bossa, 2011; Fernández, 1991; Paín, 1992; Polity, 2002 e Franco, 2003. Para a coleta de dados dos sujeitos selecionados, realizamos entrevistas semi-estruturadas, gravadas em áudio e transcritas, para posterior organização de categorias de análises, por meio da metodologia de análise de conteúdo proposta por Franco (2003). Através desta investigação constatamos que como a psicopedagogia possui um caráter interdisciplinar, muito da sua contribuição teórica e prática vêm de outras áreas do conhecimento, como por exemplo, da pedagogia. Assim, muito das práticas interventivas dos professores com psicopedagogia para com os alunos que enfrentam dificuldades de aprendizagem na leitura e na escrita, são as mesmas que os professores, sem psicopedagogia, utilizam em sala de aula.

OS SENTIDOS DA LEITURA PARA AS PROFESSORAS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL

Nos últimos anos, estudos sobre o ensino da linguagem escrita abordaram as práticas de leitura como uma produção cultural, que se originam nos contextos sociais de comunicação e se constituem em um instrumento de inclusão social e de participação política. Essas ideias foram apropriadas pelos discursos oficiais e amplamente divulgadas no meio educacional no Estado de São Paulo em diversos programas de formação continuada. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa fundamentou-se na teoria das representações sociais, desenvolvida por Serge Moscovici, para investigar os sentidos atribuídos ao ato de ler por um grupo de professoras que leciona nos quatro primeiros anos do ensino fundamental. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, foram consideradas as práticas e preferências leitoras das professoras, a história do ensino da leitura, as representações sociais sobre o ato de ler entre as mulheres e as suas relações com o processo de profissionalização do magistério. Por meio da metodologia da análise de conteúdo foi possível desvelar as representações da leitura presentes nos discursos das professoras, contribuindo para conhecer suas formas de conceber a prática de ler.(AU)

CURRÍCULO E CULTURA: ELEMENTOS DO FRACASSO ESCOLAR Um estudo com base nas provas do SARESP e FUVEST

A fim de retirar a imputação pelo fracasso escolar dos ombros das próprias vítimas (alunos) discutiremos como os críticos do currículo entendem a construção e o funcionamento deste e confrontar com a realidade do alunado, principalmente comparando os resultados conseguidos por estes em provas baseadas no currículo do ensino fundamental e médio. Nossas pesquisas apontam que o fracasso é do currículo, não do aluno, que aplicado com indiferença dentro das escolas, menosprezam a cultura e interesses dos alunos, resultando nas crises de relacionamento e nos baixos resultados de forma geral. Iniciado nas primeiras séries, o currículo irá definir o que a desigualdade social brasileira já definiu, a reprodução das estruturas que formam as elites Isto poderá ser verificado com os resultados das provas do Saresp Sistema de Avaliação de Resultados do Ensino do Estado de São Paulo.(AU)

Um estudo sobre o perfil sexual e reprodutivo das adolescentes de um serviço de referência no município de Natal/RN

Adolescence is seen as a phase of life marked by a series of physical and behavioral changes, which leads to certain risk situations, such as early sexual activity, pregnancy and the occurrence of sexually transmitted diseases. Based on this statement, this research aimed generally: meet the sexual and reproductive adolescents of a reference service in Natal profile. Specifically describe the socioeconomic, sexual and reproductive individual and family characteristics of the population in question, but also verify possible association between pregnancy and age of onset of sexual activity with the socioeconomic aspects. The sectional study conducted in the database from the records of 463 adolescents seeking care in a referral center in Sexual and Reproductive Health in the period March 2011 to June 2012. The data collected were subjected to analysis by Excel 2007 and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 17.0. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, with absolute numbers and percentages was used, and its presentation by means of distribution and frequency tables. Results showed that the parents of these adolescents (65.7% - father; 57.8% - mother), had primary education; family income less than two minimum wages (66.2%); any type of chemical dependency in the family (33.5%) and presence of domestic violence (20.6%). A higher probability of pregnancy was verified when the mother had only primary education (26.3%), persons other than the father or mother contributed to family income (33.3%) and (26%) when there was substance abuse in the family early onset of sexual activity was observed when the mother had primary education (57.3%), persons other than the father or mother contributed to family income (63.1%) and the use of drugs / alcohol as a problem family (67.6%). It was concluded that such vulnerabilities appear as a reflection of the low social status of these young people, aggravated by emotional inheritance that is offered to every individual from birth. These findings may perhaps, support public health surveillance policies for adolescents in several areas

Arquitetura bioclimática para instituição de ensino fundamental em São Gonçalo do Amarante/RN

In the design of a building process must consider climatic variations in the region, the external conditions and the use of available resources in nature, like the sun, vegetation, rain and winds, to provide a built environment with comfort and environment reduced energy expenditure. However, increasing urbanization, often with an occupancy of disordered ground comes disregarding this knowledge and disregarding local characteristics, drastically reducing the green areas. This disordered occupation associated with the reduction of green spaces, is modifying aspects of climate and thus, damaging the thermal comfort of users. Given this situation was born the question: What projetuais strategies can bring better thermal conditions to an educational building located in a region of hot and humid weather? Thus, faced with two important issues , education and environmental comfort , the research is justified by the fact that there is a large national demand for expansions and renovations in its public schools , but not in most areas provides students with quality for good learning development. This paper aims to draw up a project for establishment of Primary Education with the application of the concepts of bioclimatic, highlighting the use of vegetation as a regulatory element of the climate. Initially we carried out a literature search; we analyzed architectural solutions and set up the site. The next phases, called understanding, were raised with the laws, rules and environmental restrictions. Subsequently, the program needs and the development of architectural design was defined. The conclusion of this paper presents the definition of criteria and solutions for the use of vegetation to design of bioclimatic architecture in hot and humid climates and contributes a catalog of plant species for schools in the metropolitan region of Natal, RN.

História da matemática e teatro nas aulas sobre Teorema de Tales: um script proposto

This study will present the results of an investigation of how the history of mathematics and theater can contribute to the construction of mathematical knowledge of students in the 9th year of elementary school, through the experience, preparation and execution of a play, beyond presentation of the script. This brings a historical approach, defining space and time of events, putting the reader and viewer to do the route in the biography of Thales of Miletus (624-546 a.C), creating situations that led to the study and discussion of the content related to the episode possible to measure the height of the pyramid Khufu and the Theorem of Thales. That said, the pedagogical proposal implemented in this work was based on theoretical and methodological assumptions of the History of Mathematics and Theatre, drawing upon authors such as Mendes (2006), Miguel (1993), Gutierre (2010), Desgrandes (2011), Cabral (2012). Regarding the methodological procedures used qualitative research because it responds to particular issues, analyzing and interpreting the data generated in the research field. As methodological tools we have used participant observation, the questionnaire given to the students, field diary and dissertativos texts produced by students. The processing and analysis of data collected through the questionnaires were organized, classified and quantified in tables and graphs for easy viewing, interpretation, understanding and analysis of data. Data analysis corroborated our hypothesis and contributed to improving the use and display of the play as a motivating activity in mathematics classrooms. Thus, we consider that the script developed, ie the educational product proposed will bring significant contributions to the teaching of Mathematics in Primary Education

Diferenciais de mortalidade adulta por nível de escolaridade no Brasil e regiões

The study of mortality by various differentials has been an important tool to guide public health policies, due to better describing the events of deaths in a population. This research aims to seek disparities in mortality according to educational level, sex and adulthood in large Brazilian regions and consequently for Brazil as a whole. A vast literature has shown that people with more education tend to have lower risk of death. Studies on inequalities in mortality by level of education in Brazil are still very specific and has still known very little about Brazil about mortality according to educational level, due to lack of information about the well-filled school in the records of deaths arising from the Mortality Information System (MIS) of the Ministry of Health. This data source has shown improvement in the coverage of sub reports in the last decade, however, it has still perceived negligence in completing the question regarding schooling of death (about 30% of registered deaths in 2010 to Brazil, Given this scenario, this work contributes to the national literature on the behavior of adult mortality differentials having as proposed, using data from the new variable mortality of the 2010 Census (CD 2010), assuming the characteristics of education of the head the household for deaths occurring in the same. It is therefore considered that the probability of mortality is homogeneous within the household. Events of deaths were corrected only for the records come from households where the head possessed levels of schooling and Instruction Elementary Education No Incomplete and Primary Education and Secondary Education Complete Incomplete through the Generations Extinct Adjusted method. With deaths already corrected, probabilities of death were calculated between 15 and 60 years life, as well as tables by sex and level of education to all regions of Brazil. No que se refere às probabilidades de morte por idade, nas idades entre 15 e 60 anos as maiores probabilidades seguem um gradiente, maior probabilidade para os menos escolarizados. Results corroborate the literature, the more educated the population is, the greater the life expectancy. In all Brazilian regions, life expectancy of the female population is greater than that of men at all levels of schooling. With respect to probabilities of death by age between the ages of 15 and 60 years the most likely follow a gradient, most likely to the least educated. At older ages (from 70 years), this behavior has presented another pattern, the lowest level of education has the lowest odds in the regions, North, Northeast, South and Midwest, except in the Southeast region