O desenvolvimento e a transferência de capacidades dinâmicas entre matriz e subsidiárias: um estudo de caso aplicado a uma multinacional brasileira

A capacidade das empresas multinacionais (EMN) de se adaptar às oportunidades e ameaças de seus mercados é um dos fatores estratégicos de maior importância na dinâmica dos negócios atuais. Essa necessidade de adaptação não se restringe apenas aos países desenvolvidos, mas também aos países emergentes. Nesse contexto faz-se necessário a compreensão da estratégia de empresas multinacionais dos países emergentes através do estudo das capacidades dinâmicas e de seus modelos de gestão. Assim este trabalho teve como objetivo geral analisar o desenvolvimento e a transferência das capacidades dinâmicas entre matriz e subsidiárias. Serviu como fundamento teórico deste estudo, a visão baseada em recursos, a ambidestralidade das organizações (exploration x explotation), as capacidades dinâmicas e os modelos estratégicos de gestão de EMNs. A definição escolhida para as capacidades dinâmicas, “habilidades sistemáticas da organização de integrar, construir e reconfigurar suas competências organizacionais de acordo com as ameaças e oportunidades do mercado”, serviu como base para toda a pesquisa. Em termos metodológicos foi utilizada a abordagem qualitativa, através de estudo de caso único como método de pesquisa. Após definição de alguns critérios (EMNs brasileiras, setor de tecnologia, mais de uma subsidiária e atuação em diversos segmentos) para definição da organização a ser estudada, optou-se pela escolha da empresa Alpha. A coleta de dados sobre a Alpha foi baseada em múltiplas fontes, através de informações secundárias e entrevistas em profundidade realizadas com pessoas chaves da organização para investigar de forma direta os processos, competências e recursos existentes na organização. Foram encontradas duas capacidades dinâmicas na Alpha: “processo de desenvolvimento de software” e “desenvolvimento de novos serviços”. A primeira CD está presente na matriz e nas subsidiarias. Sua transferência se deu de maneira integral a todas as subsidiárias e teve como fatores antecedentes à integração e o contexto competitivo. A segunda CD está presente somente na matriz e teve como principais fatores antecedentes a orientação empreendedora e as iniciativas. Sua transferência não ocorreu para qualquer subsidiária. Após a análise dos resultados pôde-se concluir que as duas capacidades dinâmicas, em especial a CD processo de desenvolvimento de software, é geradora de vantagem competitiva para a Alpha.

Macroeconomic announcements, price discovery, and order flow efects in the stock market: evidence from incomplete data and multiple financial markets

This paper investigates heterogeneity in the market assessment of public macro- economic announcements by exploring (jointly) two main mechanisms through which macroeconomic news might enter stock prices: instantaneous fundamental news im- pacts consistent with the asset pricing view of symmetric information, and permanent order ow e¤ects consistent with a microstructure view of asymmetric information related to heterogeneous interpretation of public news. Theoretical motivation and empirical evidence for the operation of both mechanisms are presented. Signi cant in- stantaneous news impacts are detected for news related to real activity (including em- ployment), investment, in ation, and monetary policy; however, signi cant order ow e¤ects are also observed on employment announcement days. A multi-market analysis suggests that these asymmetric information e¤ects come from uncertainty about long term interest rates due to heterogeneous assessments of future Fed responses to em- ployment shocks.

As relações da tríplice hélice no setor da carcinicultura do Rio Grande do Norte: uma análise a partir das abordagens da imersão social e da dependência de recursos

This work consists in a study of the Shrimp Industry in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, whose central issue relates to the understanding of how the Triple Helix (University, Government and the productive sector) interrelationship limits or expands the industry s innovation process. The study aims to understand how the Triple Helix relationship interferes in the innovation process of shrimp in Rio Grande do Norte. As the knowledge becomes the resource key for production methods, the generation of new technologies, new products and processes which demands joint and integrated action of the institutions comprising the Triple Helix: University, Government and productive sector, which possess the essential resources to innovate the process and can be maximized from cooperative relationships between the referred Institutions. Thus, in this work, it was sharply used the pioneering studies of Sabato and Botana (1968) regarding the cooperation relationship between the scientific-technological sphere, the governmental and the productive base, and studies on the Triple Helix approach, proposed by Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff (2000), in which the university has a key role in the process of technological and innovative development of countries and regions, and under which it is assigned to the very University - the character of the entrepreneurial institution, through the concept of entrepreneurial University. Aiming to overcome the criticism of Cooke (2005), regarding the limitations of the Triple Helix approach, in this study it was used - as analytical perspectives - the perspective of social immersion (Granovetter, 1985, 2005) and the theory of resources dependence (PFEFFER; SALANCIK, 1978). The analytical perspectives presented in here, despite of the different assumptions, are essential to eliminate the bias that one only approach can lead (ASTLEY; VAN DE VEM; 2007). The authors arguments focus on the fact that the integration is possible if the researcher acknowledged that different perspectives may have different descriptions of the same phenomenon. As a research strategy, this study is characterized as a study case, along with the proposed objectives - the qualitative method was used as an approach and, depending on the gathering of the sector s historical, a sectional longitudinal view approach was applied (VIEIRA, 2004). The primary and secondary data were used in order to understand the sector s evolutionary process and its inter-institutional relations - regarding the shrimp culture in Rio Grande do Norte - to promote the development, as the content was used for the technical analysis (BARDIN, 1977). The approach of social immersion and resources addiction dependence made it possible to understand that relationships are established within and between each sphere (university, government and productive sector) characterizing a network of low density relationships and strongly internal and external dependence. Based on the speech of Etzkowitz and Mello (2006), a successful Triple Helix strategy of innovation requires not only the involvement and commitment of the parts, within the institutional sphere and among them, but also the development of mechanisms to coordinate the multiple and complex interactions and interfaces, focusing on promoting both environment and context for innovation and learning; it can be acknowledge from study results that the shrimp in the State of the RN, although there are several institutional mechanisms to promote greater integration and technological development, has been presented disjointed - both internally and between the spheres - and under no legitimate practice when facing the innovational promotion and integration institutions. Due to those factors, the central institutions of the network are crucial to the promotion of innovations, spreading through their direct contacts the importance factor of the sustainable competitive activity in the world market and on the national level. However, it may be concluded, from the data, that the Triple Helix relations are interfering in a negative way on what concerns the promotion of innovations in the shrimp industry in RN

Representação social sobre educação inclusiva por professores de Cruzeiro do Sul - Acre

Nowadays the discussion about providing a quality education for all students is more and more recurrent, including for those who have special educational necessities. The discussion increases regarding that it is not enough to include these students in the regular school, but also to provide conditions of learning and development. This requirement implies changes in the educational system, as well as in the teachers‟ everyday; and these changes manifest themselves through the complexity of the functions which are assigned to the teachers and the school. The news that are generated from the perspective of the inclusive education asks for new formative models for teacher‟s performance, once he tries to (re)build knowledge, knowings and doings among troubles and conflicts as a way to decrease the impact caused by the necessary transformations. This research approached this context in order to understand the social representation about the inclusive education from teachers who work in the regular public school system in the Municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul, State of Acre. To approach the symbolic content, we elected the Multiple Classification Procedure (MCP) as the methodological approach. For that, it was necessary to apply the Technique of Free-Association of Words (TFAW) to 60 participants what provided data to the first step of the chosen methodological procedure. The criterion of choice of the participants took into account if they dealt with student who has special educational necessities and with public schools. Later, we applied MCP to 50 teachers from specialized course in inclusive education subgroup 01 and 30 teachers who has no specialized formation subgroup 02. The collected data from this step was examined through multidimensional and content analysis for a better understanding of their symbolic dimensions. The results from the multidimensional analysis showed that the subject inclusive education‟ for subgroup 01 involved the following facets: circulating discourses that meant the naming of the characteristics that teachers think indispensable to inclusive education; teachers in relation to the inclusive practice that was focused on the relation between teaching and included student, and repercussion to the student that showed the advantages that the inclusive education provided to the student who has special educational necessities. Subgroup 02 dealt with the following facets: characteristics of the included student that approached teachers‟ view on this student; negative aspects that regarded the naming of the obstacles in the achievement of inclusive education; and teacher‟s relations to the inclusive education that approach professional, affective, and formative elements. The content analysis revealed four categories: disagreeing concepts; conception of inclusive education; dimension of the teacher‟s inclusive doing, and difficulties and resistance to carry out the inclusion of a student who has special educational necessities in the regularschool. Both analyses multidimensional and content one showed that the constitution of elements in a social representation of inclusive education was a mixture formed by the characteristics of this sort of education and the school integration, materialized on the figure of the different‟ student. The representational field of the subject inclusive education‟ was associated to the social representation of the student who has special educational necessities, making clear the deficiency/ difference, and causing the difficulty of the teachers in achieving what they say about the phenomenon

SINAES: as diferentes faces da avaliação na UFRN

This thesis entitled SINAES: the different faces of the evaluation at UFRN, aims to analyze the configuration that the national policy for assessment in higher education has taken on UFRN. We assume that in recent years there are an oscillation between the concepts of evaluation, according with the logic of public administration it has preferred an approach that presents itself as a promoter of quality, sometimes with regulatory aspects, sometimes with educational ones. The text discusses the use of the new assessment tools for higher education placing them under the new demands on state reform context in which this is to promote and measure quality based on the values of excellence and competitiveness. This movement arises from the redefinition of the role of the State that has been taking features of Evaluator State. From a historical review of government initiatives in the field of evaluation, we analyze the characteristics of assessment policies outlined over the past decades. We are based on the theoretical method that aims to examine the multiple determinants that shape a particular reality from the larger movement of totality. To identify, in this case, connections and ruptures that have emerged over the history of assessment policies aimed at higher education by checking their determinants in order to better explain the reality. To investigate the object of this study we used as instruments: the research literature and research documents, the semi-structured interviews and non-participant observation. The study revealed that there are different practices of evaluation and that before to establishment the SINAES program, the UFRN already had a culture of an institutional assessment, more participatory and democratic, opposing to the rigidity of the self-assessment in SINAES program that it was instituted by the Commission for assessment (CPA). We also noticed that the implementation of the SINAES at URFN has been performed very slowly and the breadth and complexity of the evaluation process has contributed to hinder its implementation in all dimensions provided by MEC. Although it was observed that in its operationalization the SINAES has assumed a more normative assessment and directed to establish rankings between courses and higher education schools than to establish a more qualitative assessment in this system. As regards the evaluation of the undergraduate course studied on this research and subjected to the three dimensions of evaluation proposed by SINAES (self-assessment, Evaluation of Courses and ENADE) it was not possible to verify an effective integration between the methods of assessing conducted. The results are considered separately, in only a partial view of the course evaluated the proposal what pits the SINAES as a system that involves the totality

Tornar-se professor formador pela experiência formadora: vivências e escritas de si

This thesis describes and analyzes the trajectory of education of an educator-teacher group to become tutor of memorials (final work of the course Normal Superior in Instituto de Educação superior President Kennedy IFESP-Natal-RN). The writing of memorials (self-biographical writing) propitiates to the pupil that writes a reflection on his/her student and professional life, and to whom guides an evolution in his/her professional education. From the methodological point of view, we adopt an etnomethodological perspective of qualitative approach which describes the reality of real citizens inserted in a real situation of education. It is constituted of participants of the research of 32 educator-teachers, deriving of three different areas of academic formation. The instruments of data collection consist of eight life histories, 32 contextualization applications of the participants of the research, interviews with two consultants of the project, as well as some documents. The results of the analyses put in evidence that the education of the educator-teacher goes for two parallel ways: the first deals with the experiences, interactions and elements of daily practice; the second with the academy experiences where the educator-teacher searches the post-graduation courses. The integration of these two ways defines the educator-teacher identity with foundation in knowings that constitute in the exercise of guidance of memorials. The teachers knowings are considered insufficient by the majority and others knowings are mobilized to the knowing to be educator-teacher, memorial tutor. The thesis concludes that the trajectory of the educator-teacher constitutes an educator experience, in the direction of that implies an articulation among the learnings, abilities and knowings, to support the pupil in self-discovery, and that these multiple experiences favor the education of these teachers

Random regressions models to describe the genetic variation of milk yield over multiple parities in Buffaloes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Biological effects of Ocimum gratissimum L. are due to synergic action among multiple compounds present in essential oil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Mastoparan effects in skeletal muscle damage: An ultrastructural view until now concealed

Animal venoms have been valuable sources for development of new drugs and important tools to understand cellular functioning in health and disease. The venom of Polybia paulista, a neotropical social wasp belonging to the subfamily Polistinae, has been sampled by headspace solid phase microextraction and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Recent study has shown that mastoparan, a major basic peptide isolated from the venom, reproduces the myotoxic effect of the whole venom. In this study, Polybia-MPII mastoparan was synthesized and studies using transmission electron microscopy were carried out in mice tibial anterior muscle to identify the subcellular targets of its myotoxic action. The effects were followed at 3 and 24 h, 3, 7, and 21 days after mastoparan (0.25 mu g/mu L) intramuscular injection. The peptide caused disruption of the sarcolemma and collapse of myofibril arrangement in myofibers. As a consequence, fibers presented heteromorphic amorphous masses of agglutinated myofilaments very often intermingled with denuded sarcoplasmic areas sometimes only surrounded by a persistent basal lamina. To a lesser extent, a number of fibers apparently did not present sarcolemma rupture but instead appeared with multiple small vacuoles. The results showed that sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and mitochondria were the main targets for mastoparan. In addition, a number of fibers showed apoptotic-like nuclei suggesting that the peptide causes death both by necrosis and apoptosis. This study presents a hitherto unexplored view of the effects of mastoparan in skeletal muscle and contributes to discuss how the known pharmacology of the peptide is reflected in the sarcolemma, SR, mitochondria, and nucleus of muscle fibers, apparently its subcellular targets.

Integration of polyharmonic functions

The results in this paper are motivated by two analogies. First, m-harmonic functions in R(n) are extensions of the univariate algebraic polynomials of odd degree 2m-1. Second, Gauss' and Pizzetti's mean value formulae are natural multivariate analogues of the rectangular and Taylor's quadrature formulae, respectively. This point of view suggests that some theorems concerning quadrature rules could be generalized to results about integration of polyharmonic functions. This is done for the Tchakaloff-Obrechkoff quadrature formula and for the Gaussian quadrature with two nodes.

Perceptual Information Integration: Hypothetical Role of Astrocytes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Boussinesq solitary-wave as a multiple-time solution of the Korteweg-de Vries hierarchy

We study the Boussinesq equation from the point of view of a multiple-time reductive perturbation method. As a consequence of the elimination of the secular producing terms through the use of the Korteweg-de Vries hierarchy, we show that the solitary-wave of the Boussinesq equation is a solitary-wave satisfying simultaneously all equations of the Korteweg-de Vries hierarchy, each one in an appropriate slow time variable. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.

Surface reconstruction using multiple light sources and perspective projection

This paper presents a method to recover 3D geometry of Lambertian surfaces by using multiple images taken from the same view point and with the scene illuminated from different positions. This approach differs from Stereo Photometry in that it considers the light source at a finite distance from the object and the perspective projection in image formation. The proposed model allows local solution and recovery of 3D coordinates, in addition to surface orientation. A procedure to calibrate the light sources is also presented. Results of the application of the algorithm to synthetic images are shown.

Caribbean trade and integration: trends and future prospects

Includes Bibliography

Regional integration and the issue of choosing an appropriate exchange-rate regime in Latin America

Includes bibliography