Ranking e qualidade educativa. Uma relação (im)provável? Um estudo em duas escolas públicas

Com o presente trabalho pretendemos compreender eventuais relações entre a posição de uma escola no ranking dos exames nacionais do 9.º ano do ensino básico e a qualidade do serviço educativo prestado. O estudo decorreu em dois agrupamentos de escolas com posições diferenciadas nas listas de ordenação (rankings) publicadas no ano de 2013. Recolhemos informação através de entrevista aos diretores dos órgãos de gestão, análise documental e inquérito por questionário. Adotámos metodologia qualitativa e quantitativa cujos dados foram triangulados e analisados à luz do quadro teórico. A posição bastante diferenciada entre os dois agrupamentos no ranking (249.º e 848.º, respetivamente) não parece estar relacionado com a prestação do serviço educativo, para além de a classificação ser a mesma nos relatórios de avaliação externa, as diferenças identificadas através dos questionários e das entrevistas são pontuais e pouco relevantes reforçando que efetivamente a posição no ranking diz muito pouco sobre o trabalho realizado nas escolas, sobre as suas dinâmicas e lógicas de ação; Abstract: Ranking and educational quality. An (un)likely relationship? A study in two public schools With this study we aim to understand possible links between the ranking position of two different school based on the 9th grade’s national exams results and the quality of educational services provided. The study took place in two groups of schools with different ranking positions published in 2013. We collect information through interviews to the directors of the management bodies, document analysis and questionnaire survey. We adopted qualitative and quantitative methodology and data were triangulated and analyzed in the light of the theoretical framework. The rather unique position between the two groups in the rankings (249 and 848, respectively) does not seem to be related to the provision of educational services, as well as the classification is the same in the external evaluation reports, the differences identified by questionnaires and interviews are timely and very relevant stressing that effectively ranking position says very little about the work done in schools, on its dynamics and logics of action.

Amistad y relaciones aristocráticas a inicios de la Edad Moderna: la familia Malvezzi y el Colegio de España en Bolonia

Este proyecto pretende profundizar en algunos aspectos del funcionamiento institucional y político del Colegio de España, como ente integrado en las redes políticas y sociales de la ciudad italiana, a través del análisis de sus relaciones con la familia Malvezzi a inicios de la Edad Moderna, un período caracterizado por la creación y reforzamiento gradual de una red social conectada con el mundo hispano. Además, se pretende señalar los canales de colaboración y acuerdo recíproco que el Colegio de San Clemente puso en marcha con distintos miembros de la aristocracia boloñesa. Este estudio concibe el Colegio de España como una institución que va más allá de los límites estrictamente universitarios y que desarrolla un rol político y económico de primer nivel en el contexto local. Por otra parte, se interpretan las dinámicas del poder urbano en clave de red, dentro de la cual se entrecruzaban diversos intereses privados, familiares, clientelares y personales que tuvieron su repercusión en la esfera pública. En resumen, se trata de ofrecer una visión amplia y rica del cuadro de relaciones de poder de la ciudad de Bolonia. El objetivo final es conocer las razones, lógicas y fases que han plasmado, reforzado y caracterizado los vínculos personales e institucionales entre la familia Malvezzi y el Colegio de España.

Towards a logical foundation of randomized computation

This dissertation investigates the relations between logic and TCS in the probabilistic setting. It is motivated by two main considerations. On the one hand, since their appearance in the 1960s-1970s, probabilistic models have become increasingly pervasive in several fast-growing areas of CS. On the other, the study and development of (deterministic) computational models has considerably benefitted from the mutual interchanges between logic and CS. Nevertheless, probabilistic computation was only marginally touched by such fruitful interactions. The goal of this thesis is precisely to (start) bring(ing) this gap, by developing logical systems corresponding to specific aspects of randomized computation and, therefore, by generalizing standard achievements to the probabilistic realm. To do so, our key ingredient is the introduction of new, measure-sensitive quantifiers associated with quantitative interpretations. The dissertation is tripartite. In the first part, we focus on the relation between logic and counting complexity classes. We show that, due to our classical counting propositional logic, it is possible to generalize to counting classes, the standard results by Cook and Meyer and Stockmeyer linking propositional logic and the polynomial hierarchy. Indeed, we show that the validity problem for counting-quantified formulae captures the corresponding level in Wagner's hierarchy. In the second part, we consider programming language theory. Type systems for randomized \lambda-calculi, also guaranteeing various forms of termination properties, were introduced in the last decades, but these are not "logically oriented" and no Curry-Howard correspondence is known for them. Following intuitions coming from counting logics, we define the first probabilistic version of the correspondence. Finally, we consider the relationship between arithmetic and computation. We present a quantitative extension of the language of arithmetic able to formalize basic results from probability theory. This language is also our starting point to define randomized bounded theories and, so, to generalize canonical results by Buss.

Rethinking the block. The 1970s European discourses on the city and the IBA Berlin 1979-87

The dissertation explores the relationship between projects for urban blocks and the discourses on the city between the late 1960s and the 1980s, with a particular focus on the blocks of the Internationale Bauausstellung (IBA) Berlin 1979-87. The main research questions center on whether and how the block changed in connection with the emerging ideas of the city during this period and whether these changes had, in turn, effects on the whole city. Thus far, despite extensive research on the theories and the ideas of the city between the 1960s and 1980s, there is a lack of studies that interweave this research with insights into the block. To fill this gap, this dissertation examines how the block was thematized in the 1970s discourses on the city. It highlights projects for blocks designed between the late 1960s and the 70s in various European cities, particularly West Berlin. Then, it focuses on the blocks of the IBA Berlin 1979-87, examining them through theory, history, and drawings. The study of the examples reveals three distinctive aspects of all blocks considered in the dissertation: the overcoming of small private plots, the individualization of the buildings, and the accessibility of the courtyards from public streets. These aspects reflect the changing understandings of the city and of the urban spaces in the 1970s and 1980s, which resulted in new compositional logics of the block. When examined with critical distance, the blocks of the 1970s and 80s offer a lesson in architectural and urban composition which is still current. - The author has made every effort to contact the owners of the copyrights of the material in the dissertation. The author is available to the right holders with whom it was not possible to communicate as well as for any omissions or inaccuracies in quoting the sources.

Dal sacrificio alla preghiera. La distruzione del Secondo Tempio di Gerusalemme e le trasformazioni cultuali della religione giudaica

La distruzione del Secondo Tempio di Gerusalemme nel 70 e.v. rappresenta un momento cruciale nell’evoluzione storica e teologica della religione giudaica. Prima della catastrofe, l’intero sistema cultuale si fondava sulle ritualità sacrificali, che si concentravano esclusivamente nel santuario gerosolimitano. Con la caduta di quest’ultimo e il venir meno delle sue prassi, il giudaismo dovette ripensare totalmente la propria religiosità, la quale andò gradualmente a imperniarsi sulla preghiera e su atti di devozione non cruenti, in una prospettiva più aperta, mobile e orizzontale. Pertanto, questa ricerca si pone lo scopo di analizzare, in una prospettiva fortemente votata all’antropologia, alla storia e alla sociologia della religione, il senso profondo di tale trasformazione. A questo fine, è stato studiato il culto sacrificale e liturgico giudaico precedente e successivo al 70 e.v., indagando in particolare alcuni aspetti specifici, quali la spazialità sacra, la gestualità rituale e l’uso della musica. In questo modo, è stato possibile delineare alcune logiche fondamentali che costituiscono la struttura dell’intero sistema religioso. Confrontando quelle del periodo del Secondo Tempio con quelle posteriori a esso, è dunque emersa una certa linearità, ma anche una forte discontinuità nella percezione del sacro e dei suoi rituali, fornendo così una nuova interpretazione del significato di una trasformazione di così vasta portata.

A fuzzy reed-frost model for epidemic spreading

In this paper, we present a fuzzy approach to the Reed-Frost model for epidemic spreading taking into account uncertainties in the diagnostic of the infection. The heterogeneities in the infected group is based on the clinical signals of the individuals (symptoms, laboratorial exams, medical findings, etc.), which are incorporated into the dynamic of the epidemic. The infectivity level is time-varying and the classification of the individuals is performed through fuzzy relations. Simulations considering a real problem with data of the viral epidemic in a children daycare are performed and the results are compared with a stochastic Reed-Frost generalization

Power Transformer Differential Protection Based on Clarke`s Transform and Fuzzy Systems

The power transformer is a piece of electrical equipment that needs continuous monitoring and fast protection since it is very expensive and an essential element for a power system to perform effectively. The most common protection technique used is the percentage differential logic, which provides discrimination between an internal fault and different operating conditions. Unfortunately, there are some operating conditions of power transformers that can affect the protection behavior and the power system stability. This paper proposes the development of a new algorithm to improve the differential protection performance by using fuzzy logic and Clarke`s transform. An electrical power system was modeled using Alternative Transients Program (ATP) software to obtain the operational conditions and fault situations needed to test the algorithm developed. The results were compared to a commercial relay for validation, showing the advantages of the new method.

Embedded DSP-Based Compact Fuzzy System and Its Application for Induction-Motor V/f Speed Control

This paper presents a compact embedded fuzzy system for three-phase induction-motor scalar speed control. The control strategy consists in keeping constant the voltage-frequency ratio of the induction-motor supply source. A fuzzy-control system is built on a digital signal processor, which uses speed error and speed-error variation to change both the fundamental voltage amplitude and frequency of a sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation inverter. An alternative optimized method for embedded fuzzy-system design is also proposed. The controller performance, in relation to reference and load-torque variations, is evaluated by experimental results. A comparative analysis with conventional proportional-integral controller is also achieved.

Combined heuristic with fuzzy system to transmission system expansion planning

A heuristic algorithm that employs fuzzy logic is proposed to the power system transmission expansion planning problem. The algorithm is based on the divide to conquer strategy, which is controlled by the fuzzy system. The algorithm provides high quality solutions with the use of fuzzy decision making, which is based on nondeterministic criteria to guide the search. The fuzzy system provides a self-adjusting mechanism that eliminates the manual adjustment of parameters to each system being solved. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Real-Time Voltage Regulation in Power Distribution System Using Fuzzy Control

Two different fuzzy approaches to voltage control in electric power distribution systems are introduced in this paper. The real-time controller in each case would act on power transformers equipped with under-load tap changers. Learning systems are employed to turn the voltage-control relays into adaptive devices. The scope of this study has been limited to the power distribution substation, and the voltage measurements and control actions are carried out on the secondary bus. The capacity of fuzzy systems to handle approximate data, together with their unique ability to interpret qualitative information, make it possible to design voltage-control strategies that satisfy the requirements of the Brazilian regulatory bodies and the real concerns of the electric power distribution companies. Fuzzy control systems based on these two strategies have been implemented and the test results were highly satisfactory.

Fuzzy pole placement based on piecewise Lyapunov functions

This paper presents a controller design method for fuzzy dynamic systems based on piecewise Lyapunov functions with constraints on the closed-loop pole location. The main idea is to use switched controllers to locate the poles of the system to obtain a satisfactory transient response. It is shown that the global fuzzy system satisfies the requirements for the design and that the control law can be obtained by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities, which can be efficiently solved with commercially available softwares. An example is given to illustrate the application of the proposed method. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Fuzzy Control System for Voltage Regulation In Power Transformers

A fuzzy control strategy for voltage regulation in electric power distribution systems is introduced in this article. This real-time controller would act on power transformers equipped with under-load tap changers. The fuzzy system was employed to turn the voltage-control relays into adaptive devices. The scope of the present study has been limited to the power distribution substation, and both the voltage measurements and control actions are carried out on the secondary bus. The capacity of fuzzy systems to handle approximate data, together with their unique ability to interpret qualitative information, make it possible to design voltage control strategies that satisfy both the requirements of the Brazilian regulatory bodies and the real concerns of the electric power distribution companies. A prototype based on the fuzzy control strategy proposed in this paper has also been implemented for validation purposes and its experimental results were highly satisfactory.

A classification methodology for the risk of weed infestation using fuzzy logic

Despite modern weed control practices, weeds continue to be a threat to agricultural production. Considering the variability of weeds, a classification methodology for the risk of infestation in agricultural zones using fuzzy logic is proposed. The inputs for the classification are attributes extracted from estimated maps for weed seed production and weed coverage using kriging and map analysis and from the percentage of surface infested by grass weeds, in order to account for the presence of weed species with a high rate of development and proliferation. The output for the classification predicts the risk of infestation of regions of the field for the next crop. The risk classification methodology described in this paper integrates analysis techniques which may help to reduce costs and improve weed control practices. Results for the risk classification of the infestation in a maize crop field are presented. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed system, the risk of infestation over the entire field is checked against the yield loss map estimated by kriging and also with the average yield loss estimated from a hyperbolic model.

Optimization of modal filters based on arrays of piezoelectric sensors

Modal filters may be obtained by a properly designed weighted sum of the output signals of an array of sensors distributed on the host structure. Although several research groups have been interested in techniques for designing and implementing modal filters based on a given array of sensors, the effect of the array topology on the effectiveness of the modal filter has received much less attention. In particular, it is known that some parameters, such as size, shape and location of a sensor, are very important in determining the observability of a vibration mode. Hence, this paper presents a methodology for the topological optimization of an array of sensors in order to maximize the effectiveness of a set of selected modal filters. This is done using a genetic algorithm optimization technique for the selection of 12 piezoceramic sensors from an array of 36 piezoceramic sensors regularly distributed on an aluminum plate, which maximize the filtering performance, over a given frequency range, of a set of modal filters, each one aiming to isolate one of the first vibration modes. The vectors of the weighting coefficients for each modal filter are evaluated using QR decomposition of the complex frequency response function matrix. Results show that the array topology is not very important for lower frequencies but it greatly affects the filter effectiveness for higher frequencies. Therefore, it is possible to improve the effectiveness and frequency range of a set of modal filters by optimizing the topology of an array of sensors. Indeed, using 12 properly located piezoceramic sensors bonded on an aluminum plate it is shown that the frequency range of a set of modal filters may be enlarged by 25-50%.

Urban upgrading interventions and engaging residents in fuzzy management: Case studies from Novos Alagados, Salvador, Brazil

International theory and practice have promoted state-assisted upgrading of `informal` urban areas worldwide since the late 1970s, with various forms of monitoring and assessment of impact. Two independent studies of how residents perceive and evaluate such interventions have recently been undertaken for neighbouring parts of the upgraded area of Novos Alagados on the Itapagipe peninsula in the northwestern part of Salvador, Brazil`s third largest city. These studies start from different premises and have been implemented in very different ways, but both have the objective of permitting the `voice` of the residents to be heard concerning the upgrading process. Comparing them helps highlight the essential `fuzzy` nature of values concerning urban interventions of this nature and leaves us with thought-provoking questions concerning the role of local society in relation to the state in urban development, and the potential this has for on-going forms of urban management in cities which are emerging globally. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.