992 resultados para Mobilidade social Rio de Janeiro (RJ)
Resumo:
As temperaturas dos primeiros trimestres do perodo de 1986-2003, especialmente as mnimas, mostraram-se significativamente mais altas nos anos em que as epidemias de dengue tiveram incio na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro. No houve relao significativa com o total das precipitaes pluviomtricas para os mesmos trimestres, contudo, as epidemias foram mais freqentes nos anos em que o volume de chuvas no vero foi pequeno (abaixo de 200mm).
Resumo:
A partir de um caso canino de leishmaniose tegumentar americana na localidade de Santa Rita de Cssia, municpio de Barra Mansa, Rio de Janeiro, foi realizado um inqurito sorolgico em 177 ces e 43 gatos. Na avaliao das amostras de soros caninos, 10% foram positivos na reao de imunofluorescncia indireta e 10,7% no ensaio imunoenzimtico. Entre as amostras de soros felinos testados, nenhum animal foi positivo na reao de imunofluorescncia indireta e apenas um (2,4%) felino apresentou reao positiva ao ensaio imunoenzimtico. A deteco de Leishmania braziliensis, autctone em Barra Mansa, faz um alerta para a instalao de um possvel foco de leishmaniose tegumentar americana nessa regio.
Resumo:
A leishmaniose tegumentar americana causada por protozorios do gnero Leishmania, que acomete a pele e mucosa; primariamente uma infeco zoontica. Inquritos flebotomnicos foram realizados em quatro reas com ocorrncia de casos humanos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana do municpio de Seropdica. Utilizou-se a metodologia de coleta com capturas manuais no horrio das 18 s 22h, durante 12 meses consecutivos. No perodo de outubro de 2004 e setembro de 2005, capturamos 2.390 exemplares pertencentes a quatro espcies, Lutzomyia intermedia com 97,1% do total coletado, seguida pela Lutzomyia whitmani 1,6%, Lutzomyia migonei 1,2% e Lutzomyia oswaldoi 0,1%. O Valo da Loua apresentou maior densidade flebotomnica, seguida pelas localidades de Km 39, Km 40 e Caador. A baixa diversidade de espcie se deve a alteraes significativas do ectopo da regio. Sugere-se que a transmisso da leishmaniose tegumentar americana no municpio de Seropdica esteja sendo veiculada pela Lutzomyia intermedia.
Resumo:
A construo de represas geralmente causa modificaes na composio da fauna em sua rea de influncia. Na rea de implantao da Usina Hidreltrica de Rosal, Estados do Esprito Santo e Rio de Janeiro, foram avaliadas modificaes na abundncia de anofelinos, planorbdeos e flebotomneos antes (1998-2000) e aps (2000-2005) o represamento. Foram definidos nove pontos de coleta, cada qual representado por uma moradia e seus anexos, abrigos de animais domsticos e colees hdricas num raio de 150m. Coletaram-se 103 anofelinos adultos antes do represamento e 313 depois, 200 imaturos antes e 708 depois, 868 planorbdeos antes e 486 depois, e 2.979 flebotomneos antes e 912 depois. O registro de vetores dentre anofelinos, planorbdeos e flebotomneos revela o potencial da rea para transmisso de malria, esquistossomose e leishmaniose tegumentar. As transformaes ambientais ocorridas, no entanto, no aumentaram o risco para ocorrncia dessas doenas.
Resumo:
Counseling for human immunodeficiency virus infected travelers is becoming increasingly specialized. Previous studies have reported the experience of HIV-infected travelers from temperate-climate countries but little is known about HIV-infected travelers from tropical countries. A retrospective study was conducted on HIV-infected travelers presenting at a travel health clinic in Rio de Janeiro. Eleven journeys by ten people were recorded. Brazil (Amazon region and Northeast) was the destination for six journeys. Other destinations were Peru, Angola, Europe and Asia. Nine attendees were undergoing antiretroviral therapy. Few HIV-infected people from Rio de Janeiro consulted a travel medicine specialist before traveling. Since they travel to destinations in Brazil and abroad where there are endemic diseases not encountered in Rio de Janeiro, careful pre-travel planning needs to be undertaken. Strategies for increasing the frequency of pre-travel consultations need to be developed, such as closer collaboration between HIV clinics and travel health clinics.
Resumo:
From 1977 (index case) to 2006, 87 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were confirmed in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in periurban areas on the continental and coastal slopes of the Pedra Branca massif and the continental slopes of the Gericin massif. The majority (65.5%) of the patients were more than five years old, predominantly males (61.5%), but without any difference between the sexes below the age of 14 years. The overall fatality rate was 10.4%. Two cases of visceral leishmaniasis/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection were detected. Leishmania chagasi was isolated from human and canine cases. The associations between the presence of phlebotomines and human and canine migrations, disorderly occupation involving degradation of environmental preservation areas and poor socioeconomic conditions may have created a favorable setting for the establishment and propagation of the disease. Close epidemiological surveillance associated with traditional control measures and others (active case researches, land clearing and health education), reduced the incidence of human cases from 2.8 per 100,000 inhabitants in 1981 to less than 0.01 per 100,000 since 1997. The canine infection rates decreased from 4.6% in 1984 to 1.6% in 2008. Lutzomyia longipalpis was not detected in some locations where human and canine cases occurred. In the years 2007 and 2008, no new human cases were reported, but there is a persistent and worrisome residual canine seroprevalence.
Resumo:
Objetivando-se avaliar a eficincia de armadilhas no monitoramento de vetores de dengue e febre amarela no Rio de Janeiro, foram utilizadas simultaneamente, 12 larvitrampas e 12 ovitrampas ao longo de 13 semanas. Resultados mostraram que as larvitrampas apresentam maior capacidade de positivar, destacando-se como importante ferramenta no monitoramento de vigilncia vetorial.
Resumo:
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this work was to survey HPV information from a random population of young women from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included cervical samples from 241 female students. To determine human papillomavirus status, polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed. HPV typing was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Demographic data, life style, sexual and gynecological history were obtained through use of a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: The average age of the women was 19.6 years-old (SD=3.4 years). HPV prevalence was 27.4%. Nineteen different HPV genotypes were detected, including 13 high risk types. HPV 16 was the most prevalent type (6.2%), followed by 31 (4.1 %) and 66 (3.7%). Most of the oncogenic types belonged to the A9 species (28/48). The frequency of women infected by at least one oncogenic type was significantly higher than those only infected by low risk types (18.7% versus 7.5%). Cervical changes were detected in 12.5% of the sample and were significantly linked to infection with HPV types of the A9 species. Demographic variables, sexual initiation, or number of sexual partners were not associated with HPV prevalence, variety of HPV genotypes or oncogenic types. CONCLUSIONS: The relative frequency of HPV genotypes other than vaccine types in young females should be taken into account when evaluating vaccination strategies. Due to the high prevalence of HPV infection among the population studied, implementation of sex education in schools, promotion of condom use and an organized screening program to prevent cervical cancer must be encouraged for this age group.
Resumo:
O Brasil enfrenta uma expanso e urbanizao da leishmaniose visceral americana com casos humanos e caninos em vrias cidades de grande porte. O presente relato descreve um caso de leishmaniose visceral canina autctone em uma rea no endmica no municpio de Rio de Janeiro.
Resumo:
INTRODUO: A letalidade da malria na regio extra-amaznica cerca de 80 vezes maior do que na Amaznia, que concentra 99,8% dos casos do pas. Em reas de transmisso de dengue, como o Rio de Janeiro, o atraso no diagnstico e tratamento da malria dos pacientes com febre, provenientes de reas endmicas de malria, pode ser, entre outros fatores, devido confuso entre o diagnstico das duas doenas pelos generalistas da rede de assistncia mdica. Neste trabalho, apresentamos as consequncias do atraso diagnstico em trs pacientes com malria por Plasmodium falciparum; P. malariae e P. vivax, que, aps o priplo habitual para tratamento de dengue, procuraram a nossa instituio onde foram corretamente diagnosticados e submetidos aos tratamentos adequados. MTODOS: Descrio de trs casos de malria diagnosticada tardiamente e encaminhados ao IPEC/ FIOCRUZ, entre os anos de 2007 e 2008. RESULTADOS: uma brasileira proveniente de Moambique, primo-infectada por P. falciparum, com malria diagnosticada aps 6 dias do incio da febre, morreu com malria cerebral e choque. Outro paciente com malria por P. malariae teve um curso grave e prolongado, mas ficou curado aps o tratamento especfico. A terceira paciente diagnosticada tardiamente apresentou malria por P. vivax adquirida na regio de Mata Atlntica no Estado do Rio. CONCLUSES: Os profissionais de sade do Rio devem ser treinados para aperfeioar a vigilncia e o tratamento oportuno da malria e evitar desfechos mrbidos e fatais. Sugere-se que uma investigao de focos de malria autctone em reas de mata no estado seja realizada.
Resumo:
Cryptococcus gattii causes meningoencephalitis in immunocompetent hosts, occurring endemically in some tropical and subtropical regions. Recently, this fungus was involved in an outbreak in Vancouver Island and British Columbia (Canada). In this temperate region, the VGII type is predominant. The paper describes an autochthonous case of meningoencephalitis by C. gattii VGII in a previously health child in Rio de Janeiro, considered nonendemic region of Brazil. The fungus was identified by biochemical tests and the molecular type was determined by URA5-RFLP. The present report highlights the need for clinical vigilance for primary cryptococcal meningitis in nonendemic areas.
Resumo:
INTRODUO: o objetivo do estudo foi analisar a epidemia de AIDS em adolescentes no municpio do Rio de Janeiro para subsidiar polticas pblicas de preveno. A incidncia de AIDS no Brasil est diminuindo entre homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH), exceto entre 13 e 19 anos e a feminizao mais intensa entre adolescentes. MTODOS: Estudo de dados do Sistema de Informaes de Agravos de Notificao (SINAN) de casos diagnosticados, entre 13 e 19 anos at novembro de 2009. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 656 casos, com incidncia crescente at 1998 e verificou-se que, desde 1996, ocorrem mais casos no sexo feminino do que no masculino. A categoria de exposio homo/bissexual predominante nos rapazes (50,8%) e a heterossexual nas moas (88,9%). A distribuio geogrfica dos casos no municpio por ano de diagnstico revelou que houve proporcionalmente grande aumento da incidncia na rea de Planejamento mais pobre da cidade e reduo acentuada na mais rica. Observou-se uma tendncia linear decrescente entre o ano de diagnstico e o ndice de desenvolvimento humano (IDH). CONCLUSES: O estudo aponta a necessidade de investimento em servios de sade sexual e reprodutiva nas reas mais pobres da cidade e aes de promoo de sade direcionadas aos rapazes HSH e s adolescentes.
Resumo:
INTRODUCTION: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease found in tropical and temperate countries, and its clinical diagnostic confusion with arboviruses (dengue fever, oropouche fever and yellow fever), Brazilian spotted fever, viral hepatitis and hantaviruses has been an ongoing public health concern. The aim of this observational study was to demonstrate an association between findings of atypical lymphocytosis and the progression of endemic leptospirosis. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the demographic, epidemiological, clinical and laboratory aspects of 27 human leptospirosis cases that occurred over a period of 13 years (1996-2009) with no reported epidemic outbreaks in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. RESULTS: The overall mortality rate was 11.1% in our cohort of hospitalized cases. However, there was no mortality among patients with atypical lymphocytosis (OR = 11.1; 95% CI = 1.12-110.9; p = 0.04). Two patients who were in the septicemic phase showed signs of expansion of γδ T cell responses in peripheral blood. CONCLUSIONS: Atypical lymphocytosis may be observed in patients with leptospirosis. Our observations suggest that these atypical leukocyte subsets are associated with partial protection during the disease course of leptospirosis.
Resumo:
INTRODUCTION: Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of Leishmania infantum chagasi in the Americas. METHODS: Phlebotomine captures were conducted during 2008 and 2009 in a rural area endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis located in the municipality of Saquarema, Rio de Janeiro. RESULTS: Among other species captured, we observed the presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of the occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis in this region, demonstrating the potential risk of visceral leishmaniasis transmission in the coastal area of the State of Rio de Janeiro. Therefore, active vigilance by all municipalities in the area is necessary.
Resumo:
Initially diagnosed in Africa and Asia, the Chikungunya virus has been detected in the last three years in the Caribbean, Italy, France, and the United States of America. Herein, we report the first case for Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2010.
