A study on bullock carts. Part 1. Engineering analysis of the two-wheel bullock cart design

An engineering analysis of the design of two-wheel bullock carts has been carried out with the aid of a mathematical model. Non-dimensional expressions for the pull and the neck load have been developed. In the first instance, the cart is assumed to be cruising at constant velocity on a terrain with the effective coefficient of rolling friction varying over a wide range (0.001 to 0.5) and the gradient varying between +0.2 to −0.2. Subsequently, the effect of inertia force due to an acceleration parallel to the ground is studied. In the light of this analysis, two modifications to the design of the cart have been proposed and the relative merits of the current designs and the proposed designs are discussed.

Portrait of Hilde Rosenbaum with her father Julius Rosenbaum in military uniform Portraits Family

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Studio portrait of unidentified soldier in military uniform; Darmstadt Portraits Men

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Herman Sommerfeld (center) with other reserve soldiers in military uniform Portraits Men

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Herman Sommerfeld (center) with other soldiers in military uniform Portraits Men

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Herman Sommerfeld (right) in military uniform with an unidentified soldier Portraits Men

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Herman Sommerfeld (seated far left) with unidentified injured soldiers in a military hospital Portraits Groups

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Studio portrait of Herman Sommerfeld in military uniform Portraits Men

Handwritten on verso: Zur Erinnerung an meiner ? Zeit, Dein Hermann, Flughafen-Doberitz, Zum austuecken bereit

Studio portrait of Dr. Moritz Kroner in military uniform.

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Studio portrait of Dr. Moritz Kroner (center) with two unidentified men in military uniform.

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Military command being vaccinated against cholera.

Handwritten caption: 101. 2. Choleraimpfung beim Kommando 13./III.15

Portrait of Dr. William Levison in military uniform Portraits Men

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Group US Army military portrait including Dr. William Levison (top row, third from left); Schofield Barracks, Hawaii Portraits Groups Men

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Studio portrait of Leopold Landsberger in military uniform, before the Verdun battle of World War I.

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