993 resultados para Microscopia Confocal
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia de Materiais
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Conservação e Restauro, Especialização em Arte Contemporânea
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Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a key diagnostic marker of pregnancy and an important biomarker for cancers in the prostate, ovaries and bladder and therefore of great importance in diagnosis. For this purpose, a new immunosensor of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) is presented here. The device was fabricated by introducing a polyaniline (PANI) conductive layer, via in situ electropolymerization of aniline, onto a screen-printed graphene support. The PANI-coated graphene acts as the working electrode of a three terminal electrochemical sensor. The working electrode is functionalised with anti-hCG, by means of a simple process that enabled oriented antibody binding to the PANI layer. The antibody was attached to PANI following activation of the –COOH group at the Fc terminal. Functionalisation of the electrode was analysed and optimized using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Chemical modification of the surface was characterised using Fourier transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopy with confocal microscopy. The graphene–SPE–PANI devices displayed linear responses to hCG in EIS assays from 0.001 to 50 ng mL−1 in real urine, with a detection limit of 0.286 pg mL−1. High selectivity was observed with respect to the presence of the constituent components of urine (urea, creatinine, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium chloride, potassium sulphate and sodium chloride) at their normal levels, with a negligible sensor response to these chemicals. Successful detection of hCG was also achieved in spiked samples of real urine from a pregnant woman. The immunosensor developed is a promising tool for point-of-care detection of hCG, due to its excellent detection capability, simplicity of fabrication, low-cost, high sensitivity and selectivity.
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Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obter o Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Química e Bioquímica
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6th Graduate Student Symposium on Molecular Imprinting
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1st ASPIC International Congress
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Conservação e Restauro, Especialização em Ciências da Conservação
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Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Conservação e Restauro, especialidade em Ciências da Conservação, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Biomédica
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Biomédica
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia de Materiais
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PLAVRAS – CHAVE: Tinea capitis, colheita de amostras, diagnóstico laboratorial, questionário, estratégias de intervenção Os fungos dermatófitos estão entre os mais disseminados e prevalentes das doenças causadas por fungos, afectam milhões de pessoas em todas as partes do mundo. A tinea capitis é a infecção fúngica mais comum na idade pediátrica, é contagiosa, havendo aumento do risco de infecção quando existe partilha de objectos e poucos cuidados de higiene. É uma infecção que afecta essencialmente crianças e pré-adolescentes, sendo que estes apresentam mais susceptibilidade e exposição à infecção. É uma infecção com distribuição mundial, sendo muito comum em África. Anteriormente as áreas endémicas estavam mais definidas, mas com o aumento das viagens inter-continentais e da imigração novas doenças têm-se expandido nos países de acolhimento, daí o aumento da prevalência desta infecção nos países Europeus. Para além de ser uma doença com um impacto social marcado, levando as crianças à restrição de actividades sociais, como a ida à escola e todas as consequências que daí advêm, como por exemplo a exclusão. Perante esta situação, realizou-se um estudo de forma a identificar a prevalência da tinea capitis em crianças com idades entre os 1-14 anos no Bairro de Santa Filomena, Concelho da Amadora, Portugal, e os conhecimentos (definição, diagnóstico e tratamento) dos encarregados de educação/responsáveis pela criança sobre a doença, para se poderem traçar estratégias de intervenção. A população era composta por 127 crianças, que frequentavam a Associação da Encosta Nascente e o Centro de Catequese leccionado no Bairro de Santa Filomena, sendo 44,9% do Sexo Masculino e 55,1% do sexo Feminino, com idades pré-escolar e escolar. Utilizaram-se três técnicas de diagnóstico, observação clínica, microscopia e exame cultural. As amostras do couro cabeludo das crianças foram analisadas no Laboratório de Micologia do Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical. A prevalência de crianças com doença activa foi de 17,3% e de portadoras 19,7%. Foram identificados dois agentes etiológicas, Microsporum audouinii e o Tricophyton soudanense (fungos de origem Africana). Aos encarregados de educação/responsáveis pelas crianças aplicou-se um questionário sobre aspectos relacionados com a infecção por tinea capitis. Os respondentes mostraram poucos conhecimentos, alguns até incorrectos. Tendo em vista o controlo da infecção, é necessário envolver vários parceiros, como os Centros de Saúde e Centros de Educação (Creches /Escolas/Catequese), para além dos encarregados de educação, intervindo na sua formação com Sessões de Educação, rastreios, diagnóstico e tratamento, medidas preventivas e melhorias das condições de higiene pessoal e ambiental.
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The purpose of this study was to develop a bone substitute material capable of preventing or treating osteomyelitis through a sustainable release of vancomycin and simultaneously inducing bone regeneration. Porous heparinized nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHA)/collagen granules were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. After vancomycin adsorption onto the granules, its releasing profile was studied by UV molecular absorption spectroscopy. The heparinized granules presented a more sustainable release over time, in comparison with nonheparinized nanoHA and nanoHA/collagen granules. Vancomycin was released for 360 h and proved to be bioactive until 216 h. Staphylococcus aureus adhesion was higher on granules containing collagen, guiding the bacteria to the material with antibiotic, improving their eradication. Moreover, cytotoxicity of the released vancomycin was assessed using osteoblast cultures, and after 14 days of culture in the presence of vancomycin, cells were able to remain viable, increasing their metabolic activity and colonizing the granules, as observed by scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. These findings suggest that heparinized nanoHA/collagen granules are a promising material to improve the treatment of osteomyelitis, as they are capable of releasing vancomycin, eliminating the bacteria, and presented morphological and chemical characteristics to induce bone regeneration.
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A total of 909 Biomphalaria tenagophila were collected from two areas in Guarulhos (Metropolitan area of São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil) to assess larval trematode infections. In all collection sites, only this species was found and 183 (20.13%) harbored trematode infections. In these collections, four morphologically distinguishable types of cercariae were identified by confocal microscopy. Xiphidiocercaria (Cercaria lutzi) was the most common type of cercaria recovered, contributing 76.5% of all infections. Schistosoma mansoni cercariae were recovered and comprised the total of 13.11%. Strigea cercaria (Cercaria caratinguensis) and Brevifurcate pharyngeate Clinostomatoide cercaria (Cercaria ocellifera) contributed 8.33% and 2.22% of all infections, respectively. Double infections (S. mansoni and C. lutzi) were found in twelve snails, contributing 6.55% of all infections. In all sites studied, small vertebrates were found in snail habitats and it was observed human contact with the water. The presence of trematode infected snails in large cities has public health implications. It further provides a starting point for some comprehensive studies on snail-related aspects of transmission and biology of trematode of medical and veterinary importance.
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During myocardial ischemia and reperfusion both purines and pyrimidines are released into the extracellular milieu, thus creating a signaling wave that propagates to neighboring cells via membrane-bound P2 purinoceptors activation. Cardiac fibroblasts (CF) are important players in heart remodeling, electrophysiological changes and hemodynamic alterations following myocardial infarction. Here, we investigated the role UTP on calcium signaling and proliferation of CF cultured from ventricles of adult rats. Co-expression of discoidin domain receptor 2 and -smooth muscle actin indicate that cultured CF are activated myofibroblasts. Intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) signals were monitored in cells loaded with Fluo-4 NW. CF proliferation was evaluated by the MTT assay. UTP and the selective P2Y4 agonist, MRS4062, caused a fast desensitizing [Ca2+]i rise originated from thapsigargin-sensitive internal stores, which partially declined to a plateau providing the existence of Ca2+ in the extracellular fluid. The biphasic [Ca2+]i response to UTP was attenuated respectively by P2Y4 blockers, like reactive blue-2 and suramin, and by the P2Y11 antagonist, NF340. UTP and the P2Y2 receptor agonist MRS2768 increased, whereas the selective P2Y11 agonist NF546 decreased, CF growth; MRS4062 was ineffective. Blockage of the P2Y11receptor or its coupling to adenylate cyclase boosted UTP-induced CF proliferation. Confocal microscopy and Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of P2Y2, P2Y4 and P2Y11 receptors. Data indicate that besides P2Y4 and P2Y2 receptors which are responsible for UTP-induced [Ca2+]i transients and growth of CF, respectively, synchronous activation of the previously unrecognized P2Y11 receptor may represent an important target for anti-fibrotic intervention in cardiac remodeling.