Fatores determinantes dos preços das ações em mercados ineficientes : um estudo do mercado acionário brasileiro no período de 1995 a 2003

Este trabalho traz interessantes descobertas acerca do comportamento dos preços das ações no mercado acionário brasileiro. Utilizando a metodologia de Haugen e Baker (1996) e seu Modelo de Fator de Retorno Esperado, o estudo mostra que são cinco os fatores determinantes dos preços das ações no mercado brasileiro, considerando o período de janeiro de 1995 a julho de 2003. Dentre os fatores, dois foram obtidos a partir do comportamento dos preços passados das ações, o que evidencia que o mercado não é eficiente nem em sua forma fraca, conforme os conceitos apresentados por Fama (1970). Além disso, fatores como o beta do CAPM e os betas da APT, os principais modelos de precificação de ativos, não foram incluídos entre os fatores determinantes. A aplicação dos fatores determinantes em duas simulações de investimento, uma sem custos de transação e outra com custos de transação, mostrou que o Modelo de Fator de Retorno Esperado possui boa eficiência na previsão dos retornos das ações, sendo capaz de construir, entre 10 carteiras, aquela com maior retorno em relação às demais e, inclusive, em relação ao principal índice de mercado brasileiro, o Ibovespa. A Carteira 1, com melhor retorno esperado, apresentou retorno médio mensal de 1,78% na simulação sem custos de transação e de 0,46% na simulação com custos de transação, ambos superiores ao retorno médio mensal do Ibovespa, de -0,45%. Além da melhor performance, a análise do perfil dos portfolios apontou resultados também relevantes, especialmente no que concerne ao risco das carteiras. A Carteira 1 apresentou a menor volatilidade dos retornos mensais, o menor beta de mercado, bem como mostrou ser formada por ações de empresas com o menor grau de endividamento do patrimônio líquido.

Trabalho infantil no Brasil: determinantes da redução entre 2003 e 2011 e efeitos sobre a escolaridade e o rendimento na vida adulta

The hypothesis that child labor impacts future income generation negatively, for it harms the formal acquisition of education, is widely accepted by the existing literature on this issue. However, some researchers agree that labor might be beneficial to teenagers once they can develop skills, acquire job experience, or even help them to afford their own education acquisition. Thus, the main goal of this study is to assess if there is an age which the negative impact of the early access to the labor market over income and the conclusion of high school, during the adulthood of Brazilian people, becomes positive. To do so, PNADs (Pesquisas Nacionais de Amostra de Domicílios), a National Census of Household Samples, issues 1992 to 2011, were utilized plus the employment of an econometric technique called pseudo-panel. For this analysis, generations of people born between 1982 and 1991 were observed from the ages 10 to 17 (child labor) and from the ages 20 to 29 (conclusion of high-school & income). The results show that starting at the age of 15, the negative effect of an early access to the labor market over income, between ages 20-29, becomes positive. As per high-school, it was observed that accessing the labor market before the age 15 diminishes the probability for an individual to conclude high school before the age 21. From this age on, labor does not have a negative impact anymore. The second goal of this study is to assess how much of the reduction of the child labor occurrence in Brazil for the past years is due to changes of economic and demographic characteristics of children and families. For these analyses PNADs - National Census of Household Samples, issues 2003 to 2011, were employed plus the methodology of decomposition that divides the variation of child labor into 2 components: (a) changing of the probability of children with the same characteristics (intragroup) to start working – access labor market & (b) changing of the distribution of characteristics (intergroups). The results show that the reduction of the child labor occurrence is due, mainly, to changes on the probabilities. In general terms, the occurrence of child labor took place, more significantly, among individuals of the ages 15 to 17 & household heads with less education. Besides the characteristics mentioned, the reduction between non-white individuals was also significant among individuals from 4-member families. The results show that the reduction of child labor took place, mainly, among children and teenagers from non-white and poor families.

Capital bancário e crédito: um estudo empírico no mercado brasileiro de 2003 a 2012

Este trabalho realiza um teste empírico associando capital bancário e oferta de crédito livre no mercado brasileiro de 2003 a 2012. Em uma primeira etapa, propõem-se a estimativa do capital alvo, ativamente gerenciado pelos bancos de acordo com seu risco, características idiossincráticas e expectativas; e o cálculo do capital excedente a partir deste capital alvo. Na segunda etapa, investiga-se se este capital excedente e outros indicadores de capital associam-se com o crescimento do crédito livre. Os resultados indicam relação positiva, mas economicamente modesta (contrariando a premissa da alavancagem constante), entre o crescimento do crédito livre e o capital excedente. A relação é mais forte na segunda parte do período de análise, de setembro de 2008 a dezembro de 2012. O crescimento do crédito livre e os indicadores contábeis (Patrimônio Líquido sobre Ativo Total e índice de Basileia) apresentam relação positiva neste segundo período, também com efeitos econômicos modestos. Nos bancos públicos, não se encontrou relação significante entre o capital excedente – assim como entre os outros indicadores de capital – e o crescimento do crédito livre.

A alteração do tipo penal de adulteração de combustíveis: reflexo da constitucionalização do direito penal no mercado de combustíveis

The neoconstitutionalism led to a process of ethical revaluation of the normative systems and the process of constitutionalization of the many fields of law. This study examines the consequences of this process in criminal law, so important a Law field for the protection of the most valuable assets by the society, including the fundamental guarantees, thus emphasizing the necessity of protection of the collective and individual rights, which are guided by the observance of the defendants individual rights in the course of criminal proceedings and the search for the best efficiency of penal protection, according to the corollaries of defense against the state (prohibition of the excess or Übermassverbot) and the provision of rights by the state (prohibition of insufficient protection or Untermassverbot). The offense of fuel adulteration is taken as an object of study, since it is a vital market to a nation dependent of people and good s movement for their living, driven by fossil and biofuels. Such a crime affects essential legal interests to the development of society, interests such as the environment, consumer relations and economic order, particularly the principle of free competition. This paper seeks to analyze the need of a greater efficiency of this particular criminal protection, once concluded the conduct harm and social fear as a consequence by it as growing, and therefore having its former crime type, engraved in Article 1 of Law No. 8.176/1991, rewritten in compliance with the criminal law s principle of legality. Thus, the reformation proposals and legislative creation involving this crime were observed, with emphasis on the bill No. 2498/2003, which keeps it as blank heterogeneous criminal norm, kind of penal normative whose constitutionality is raised, including the forethought of criminal responsibility in the perpetrating of the offense as culpable and subsequently increasing the applicable minimum penalty, as well as the inclusion of new activities in the typical nucleus

Indústria informal de confecções e mercado de trabalho :um estudo sobre a grande Natal (1977-2003)

The process of globalization which has characterized today s Brazilian economic development is determining in the restructuring of productive capital, influencing the development of an economic model, founded on greater competition and use of technology. As a consequence of that, there has been a certain disorganization of the economy, the growth of social inequalities and the lack of structuring of the labor market and the social security system. This has favored a rapid growth of the urban informal economy in Brazil. In Rio Grande do Norte state, the Greater Natal area is the main production center. This is where this study found 58 informal textile industries. In the research, the organizational structure of these industries, characterized by intensive use of labor vis-à-vis the use of capital, problems with putting production in the market place, although links with the formal sector were evident, is analysed. The research also focuses on the relationship labor x capital, the nature and volume of the industrial activity in the 58 industries, their proprietors and 120 employees

"Tablero de comando" para la promoción de los biocombustibles en Colombia

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Las PYMES en el mercado de bienes y servicios ambientales: identificación de oportunidades, políticas e instrumentos: estudios de caso de Argentina, Chile, Colombia y México

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Intercambio de información en las cadenas de suministro internacionales: el caso de la cadena de suministro de flor fresca cortada colombiana para la exportación

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Países industrializados: un análisis comparativo de las proyecciones 2002-2003

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El mercado laboral y la seguridad social en Colombia en los inicios del siglo XXI

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Las negociaciones comerciales de Colombia: del Área de Libre Comercio de las Américas (ALCA) a un Tratado de Libre Comercio (TLC) con Estados Unidos

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La política de vivienda de interés social en Colombia en los noventa

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Políticas de viviendas de interés social orientadas al mercado: experiencias recientes con subsidios a la demanda en Chile, Costa Rica y Colombia

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Políticas activas del mercado de trabajo en Colombia, México y Perú

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Necesidades de bienes y servicios ambientales de las PYME en Colombia: oferta y oportunidades de desarrollo

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