Tumor misto de células musculares lisas e do estroma endometrial uterino: relato de caso

Os tumores mistos de células musculares lisas e do estroma endometrial uterino, caracterizados pela presença de componentes de ambas as linhagens, coexistindo em proporções quase equivalentes, são neoplasmas raros. Possuem potencial biológico incerto e se comportam de acordo com o componente estromal. A imuno-histoquímica é uma grande aliada no diagnóstico microscópico, pois a clínica e os exames de imagem não ajudam a diferenciá-los de outras doenças uterinas. Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente cuja hipótese diagnóstica era de leiomioma uterino e que, após cirurgia, foi diagnosticada pelo estudo anatomopatológico como tumor misto de células musculares lisas e do estroma endometrial uterino.

Transcranial sonography in Parkinson's disease

Transcranial sonography has become a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes. This is a non-invasive, low cost procedure. The main finding on transcranial sonography in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease is an increased echogenicity of the mesencephalic substantia nigra region. This hyperechogenicity is present in more than 90% of cases, and reflects a dysfunction in the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway. This study discussed how the hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra may facilitate the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes.

Base racional e plano de estudo prospectivo para avaliar o efeito de terapêutica antiplaquetária e vasodilatadora microcirculatória em pacientes com cardiopatia chagásica crônica e distúrbios microvasculares coronários

INTRODUÇÃO: Há evidência, embasada por estudos em modelos experimentais de infecção pelo Trypanosoma cruzi, e também por investigações histopatológicas em humanos com a doença de Chagas, de que distúrbios de natureza isquêmica participem da patogênese de lesões miocárdicas na fase crônica da moléstia. Esses distúrbios isquêmicos derivam de desregulação microcirculatória. Dor precordial atípica é sintoma comum em pacientes na fase crônica da doença de Chagas. Em substancial proporção desses pacientes, apesar da inexistência de obstruções coronárias angiograficamente detectáveis, documenta-se com cintilografia miocárdica a ocorrência de distúrbios perfusionais durante o estresse, que são reversíveis após repouso. MÉTODOS: Estudo unicêntrico, prospectivo, de coorte única, com intervenção terapêutica seguida de reavaliação quantitativa, após 90 dias, da área ventricular apresentando alterações perfusionais isquêmicas inicialmente detectadas em pacientes cardiopatas chagásicos com coronárias angiograficamente normais. A cintilografia miocárdica de perfusão será executada com o método SPECT, antes e após 90 dias da intervenção terapêutica, tendo o sestamibi-Tc99m como radiotraçador e o esforço físico ou o estímulo vasodilatador com dipiridamol como estressores. A intervenção terapêutica consistirá de ácido acetilsalicílico (dose de 100 mg diária) associado a verapamil (dose diária de 160 mg, em duas tomadas de 80 mg). O desfecho primário do estudo será redução > 50% da área ventricular de isquemia miocárdica reversível calculada pelo mapa polar da cintilografia miocárdica de perfusão. CONCLUSÕES: Este é o primeiro estudo de intervenção terapêutica para atenuar ou reverter alterações miocárdicas isquêmicas de origem microvascular em pacientes com cardiopatia chagásica crônica.

Adhesion molecules of detrusor muscle cells are influenced by a hypercholesterolemic diet or bladder outlet obstruction in a wistar rat model

Abstract Background Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are essential for maintaining tissue integrity by regulating intercellular and cell to extracellular matrix interactions. Cadherins and catenins are CAMs that are located on the cell membrane and are important for adherens junction (AJ) function. This study aims to verify if hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD) or bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) promotes structural bladder wall modifications specific to alterations in the expression of cadherins and catenins in detrusor muscle cells. Methods Forty-five 4-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into the following three groups: group 1 was a control group that was fed a normal diet (ND); group 2 was the BOO model and was fed a ND; and group 3 was a control group that was fed a HCD (1.25% cholesterol). Initially, serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and body weight were determined. Four weeks later, groups 1 and 3 underwent a sham operation; whereas group 2 underwent a partial BOO procedure that included a suture tied around the urethra. Six weeks later, all rats had their bladders removed, and previous exams were repeated. The expression levels of N-, P-, and E-cadherin, cadherin-11 and alpha-, beta- and gamma-catenins were evaluated by immunohistochemistry with a semiquantitative analysis. Results Wistar rats fed a HCD (group 3) exhibited a significant increase in LDL cholesterol levels (p=0.041) and body weight (p=0.017) when compared to both groups that were fed a normal diet in a ten-week period. We found higher β- and γ-catenin expression in groups 2 and 3 when compared to group 1 (p = 0.042 and p = 0.044, respectively). We also observed Cadherin-11 overexpression in group 3 when compared to groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.002). Conclusions A HCD in Wistar rats promoted, in addition to higher body weight gain and increased serum LDL cholesterol levels, overexpression of β- and γ-catenin in the detrusor muscle cells. Similar finding was observed in the BOO group. Higher Cadherin-11 expression was observed only in the HCD-treated rats. These findings may be associated with bladder dysfunctions that occur under such situations.

Morphology of accessory genital glands of spotted paca(Agouti paca Linnaeus, 1766)

The spotted paca is the second largest rodent in Brazil, where it is of great economic interestin impoverished regions in view of its prominence as a low-cost source of protein. Littleis known about the morphology of the accessory genital glands of this species. Thus, westudied the position and morphology of the genitals in ten adult male spotted pacas. Theanimals were divided into two groups, five animals were used for fixing of samples in 10%aqueous formaldehyde for macroscopic studies and the other five animals were designatedfor microscopic analysis. These were arranged in pairs and had the vesicular, prostate,coagulating and bulbourethral glands identified, being structured as mucous glands, whichlead into the pelvic urethra. It was concluded that the accessory genital glands found in thepaca are the same as those found in most rodents, showing similar histological aspects

Wilson’s disease in Southern Brazil: genotype-phenotype correlation and description of two novel mutations in ATP7B gene

OBJECTIVE: Wilson's disease (WD) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by abnormalities of the copper-transporting protein encoding gene ATP7B. In this study, we examined ATP7B for mutations in a group of patients living in southern Brazil. METHODS: 36 WD subjects were studied and classified according to their clinical and epidemiological data. In 23 subjects the ATP7B gene was analyzed. RESULTS: Fourteen distinct mutations were detected in at least one of the alleles. The c.3207C>A substitution at exon 14 was the most common mutation (allelic frequency=37.1%) followed by the c.3402delC at exon 15 (allelic frequency=11.4%). The mutations c.2018-2030del13 at exon 7 and c.4093InsT at exon 20 are being reported for the first time. CONCLUSION: The c.3207C>A substitution at exon 14, was the most common mutation, with an allelic frequency of 37.1%. This mutation is the most common mutation described in Europe.

The role of Nox2-derived ROS in the development of cognitive impairment after sepsis

BACKGROUND: Sepsis- associated encephalopathy (SAE) is an early and common feature of severe infections. Oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms associated with the pathophysiology of SAE. The goal of this study was to investigate the involvement of NADPH oxidase in neuroinflammation and in the long-term cognitive impairment of sepsis survivors. METHODS: Sepsis was induced in WT and gp91phox knockout mice (gp91phox-/-) by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce fecal peritonitis. We measured oxidative stress, Nox2 and Nox4 gene expression and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus at six hours, twenty-four hours and five days post-sepsis. Mice were also treated with apocynin, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor. Behavioral outcomes were evaluated 15 days after sepsis with the inhibitory avoidance test and the Morris water maze in control and apocynin-treated WT mice. RESULTS: Acute oxidative damage to the hippocampus was identified by increased 4-HNE expression in parallel with an increase in Nox2 gene expression after sepsis. Pharmacological inhibition of Nox2 with apocynin completely inhibited hippocampal oxidative stress in septic animals. Pharmacologic inhibition or the absence of Nox2 in gp91phox-/- mice prevented glial cell activation, one of the central mechanisms associated with SAE. Finally, treatment with apocynin and inhibition of hippocampal oxidative stress in the acute phase of sepsis prevented the development of long-term cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that Nox2 is the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in the oxidative damage to the hippocampus in SAE and that Nox2-derived ROS are determining factors for cognitive impairments after sepsis. These findings highlight the importance of Nox2-derived ROS as a central mechanism in the development of neuroinflammation associated with SAE.

Des edlen engelländischen Ritters und weltberühmten Landfahrers Johann v. Montevilla wunderbare und seltsame Reis-Beschreibung : alten und jungen Liebhabern von Reisen und Ländern, fremden Sitten und Gebräuchen

zu Lust und Lieb von Neuem an's Licht gestellt durch Ottmar F. H. Schönhuth

Der Reis und seine Kultur

Von Dr. Chr. Lindemann

Der Reis und seine Kultur : Schluss

Von Dr. Chr. Lindemann

Convergência seletiva? Análise comparativa dos BRICS com os interesses estratégicos brasileiros no sistema internacional

Pesquisas e análises sobre os BRICS costumam apontar para uma possível falta de convergência destes países com os interesses estratégicos da política externa brasileira, que podem afetar a coesao e articulaçao do grupo em diversas questoes internacionais. Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um estudo comparativo dos interesses estratégicos do Brasil com os demais países dos BRICS, identificando convergências e divergências em temas específicos da agenda internacional, bem como o reflexo nas declaraçoes oficiais dos BRICS. Os resultados verificados demonstram que, apesar das diferenças estruturais entre os membros (PIB, capacidade militar, bases internas), existe uma grande convergência de interesses e posicionamentos entre os cinco países em temas centrais da agenda internacional brasileira, que também se refletiu no posicionamento oficial dos BRICS

Convergência seletiva? Análise comparativa dos BRICS com os interesses estratégicos brasileiros no sistema internacional

Pesquisas e análises sobre os BRICS costumam apontar para uma possível falta de convergência destes países com os interesses estratégicos da política externa brasileira, que podem afetar a coesao e articulaçao do grupo em diversas questoes internacionais. Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um estudo comparativo dos interesses estratégicos do Brasil com os demais países dos BRICS, identificando convergências e divergências em temas específicos da agenda internacional, bem como o reflexo nas declaraçoes oficiais dos BRICS. Os resultados verificados demonstram que, apesar das diferenças estruturais entre os membros (PIB, capacidade militar, bases internas), existe uma grande convergência de interesses e posicionamentos entre os cinco países em temas centrais da agenda internacional brasileira, que também se refletiu no posicionamento oficial dos BRICS