On the accuracy of Latin American trade statistics: A nonparametric test for 1925

This paper proposes a nonparametric test in order to establish the level of accuracy of theforeign trade statistics of 17 Latin American countries when contrasted with the trade statistics of the main partners in 1925. The Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Ranks test is used to determine whether the differences between the data registered by exporters and importers are meaningful, and if so, whether the differences are systematic in any direction. The paper tests for the reliability of the data registered for two homogeneous products, petroleum and coal, both in volume and value. The conclusion of the several exercises performed is that we cannot accept the existence of statistically significant differences between the data provided by the exporters and the registered by the importing countries in most cases. The qualitative historiography of Latin American describes its foreign trade statistics as mostly unusable. Our quantitative results contest this view.

Proclamation du roi (Charles X. 13 juin 1830)

[Acte royal. 1830-06-13]

Población y biomasa del percebes Pollicipes elegans Lesson, 1830 en las islas Lobos de Tierra y Lobos de Afuera, Perú. 1995-1997

Presenta información sobre el estudio (cálculo y análisis) de la población y biomasa del percebes, realizado desde diciembre 1995 a diciembre 1997 en las áreas mencionadas. Brinda resultados que permiten medir las posibilidades de su explotación racional, considerando las variaciones estacionales y algunas condiciones biológicas.

Helsinki 23.5.1925

Kirje

Energy as an indicator of modernisation in Latin America by 1925

In absence of comparable macroeconomic indicators for most of the Latin American economiesbeyond the 1930s, this paper presents an estimate of the apparent consumption per head of coal and petroleum for 25 countries of Latin American and the Caribbean for the year 1925, doubling the number of countries for which energy consumption estimates were previously available. Energy consumption is then used as an indicator of economic modernisation. As a result, the paper provides the basis for a quantitative comparative analysis of modernisation performance beyond the few countries for which historical national accounts are available in Latin America.

Angervonniemellä jouluna 1925

Kirje 25.12.1925

Kotona [Kajaanissa] jouluaattona 1925

Kirje 24.12.1925

Helsinki 5.6.1925

Kirje