Determination of urinary oxidative DNA damage marker 8-hydroxy-2 '-deoxyguanosine and the association with cigarette smoking

8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) has been widely used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage in both animal models and human studies. To evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on oxidative stress, we studied the levels of urinary 8OHdG from smokers and non-smokers and investigated the association with cigarette smoking. The urinary 8OHdG concentrations were determinated by capillary electrophoresis with end-column amprometric detection (CE-AD) after a single-step solid phase extraction (SPE), and then quantitatively expressed as a function of creatinine excretion. To increase the concentration sensitivity, a dynamic pH junction was used and the focusing effect was obvious when using 30 mM phosphate (pH 6.50) as sample matrix. The limit of detection is 4.3 nM (signal-to-noise ratio S/N = 3). The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) was 1.1% for peak current, and 2.3% for migration time. Based on the selected CE-AD method, it was found that the mean value of urinary 8OHdG levels in the smokers significantly higher than that in non-smokers (31.4 +/- 18.9 nM versus 14.4 +/- 7.6 nM, P = 0.0004; 23.5 +/- 21.3 mug g(-1) creatinine versus 12.6 +/- 13.2 mug g(-1) creatinine, P = 0.028). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Study of urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage in diabetic nephropathy patients

Increased oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) has been reported to serve as a sensitive biomarker of oxidative DNA damage and also of oxidative stress. This article studied oxidative DNA damage in patients with diabetic nephropathy and in healthy control subjects by urinary 8-OHdG evaluations. Contents of 8-OHdG in urine were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis with end-column amperometric detection (CE-AD) after a single-step solid-phase extraction (SPE). Levels of urinary 8-OHdG in diabetic nephropathy patients with macroalbuminuria was significant higher than in control subjects (5.72 +/- 6.89 mumol/mol creatinine versus 2.33 +/- 2.83 mumol/mol creatinine, P = 0.018). A significant difference of 24 h urinary 8-OHdG excretions exists between the patients with macroalbuminuria and the patients with nonnoalbuminuria (19.2 +/- 16.8 mug/24 h versus 8.1 +/- 1.7 mug/24 h, P = 0.015). There was a positive correlation between urinary excretion of 8-OHdG and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1)c) (r = 0.287, P = 0.022). A weak correlation exists between the levels of 8-OHdG and triglyceride (r = 0.230, P = 0.074). However, the urinary 8-OHdG contents are not correlated with blood pressure and total cholesterol. The increased excretion of urinary 8-OHdG is seen as indicating an increased systemic level of oxidative DNA damage in diabetic nephropathy patients. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

基于决策树的科尔沁沙地土地利用/覆盖变化监测

以科尔沁沙地西缘内蒙古翁牛特旗为对象,利用3个时相(1989、1999和2007年,分别表示三北防护林体系工程建设近10年、20年和30年)Landsat ETM/TM数据,采用决策树分类方法对该区土地利用/覆盖动态变化进行监测。结果表明:基于决策树分类方法进行遥感影像分类的总体精度能达到89.4%以上,Kappa系数达到0.84以上;近20年,草地和耕地是主要土地利用类型(两项合计占64%以上),林业用地比重为4.8%~5.3%,面积较少;各土地类型面积变化大小依次为耕地>未利用土地>林地>居民及建设用地>水域>草地。

基于线性混合像元分解的沈阳市三环内城市植被盖度变化

基于2001和2006年Landsat TM影像,通过线性混合像元分解(linear spectral unmix-ing,LSU)方法提取沈阳市三环内的植被盖度信息,结合目视解译2006年QuickBird影像得到的研究区土地利用类型图,分析了2001—2006年研究区植被盖度的动态.结果表明:2001—2006年,研究区植被盖度变化剧烈,绿化建设和由城市扩张导致的农田占用现象并存,且前者的植被增加超过后者的植被损失;研究区道路、居住区、公共设施用地、公共绿地及广场的植被盖度均有不同程度的增加(5%~9%),工业用地几乎没有变化;研究区绿化建设格局比较合理,城区内外植被盖度的两极分化现象虽依然存在,但已得到缓解;研究期间,该区主要地类植被盖度随距市中心距离而递增的顺序为公共绿地及广场(0.8%.km-1)<居住区(1.5%.km-1)<工业用地(1.7%.km-1)<公共设施用地(2.4%.km-1)<道路(2.9%.km-1);公共设施用地和道路植被盖度两极分化现象依然较严重,需加强绿化建设并严格管理.

浅析旱作农业技术在黄土高原退耕还林(草)之后的作用——为朱总理’99,8,7讲话而作

针对朱基总理 1 999年 8月 7日讲话精神和旱农技术在特殊的自然条件和社会条件下为了良化农田生态环境和持续增产所采取的一整套用地与养地相结合的技术体系。文章着重的分析了培肥地力、轮作倒茬、化学技术、选育品种、节水、立体种植、地膜覆盖、水土保持耕作法八种技术 ,充分利用光、热、水、气、土、肥资源而取得明显的社会效益、经济效益和生态效益 ,剖析了旱作技术在农业持续、稳定、健康发展中的作用和改善农业生态环境的显著地位 ,供同类地区的决策者和研究者借鉴

微波消解-ICP-AES法同时测定蛹虫草中8种微量元素

选用硝酸和过氧化氢作为消解剂,采用微波技术消解蛹虫草样品,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)法同时测定其中K、P、Ca、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn共8种微量元素的含量。进行微波消解条件的优化选择及分析线性、精密度和回收率等实验,建立同时测定蛹虫草中多种微量元素的微波消解-ICP-AES方法。本方法所测元素的标准曲线均有良好的线性关系,以猪肉粉国家标准物质GBW08522为对照进行验证,其回收率为91%～106%,相对标准偏差(RSD)<3.0%;该法加标回收率为90%～108%,RSD<3.0%,具有较好的准确度和精密度,是一种快速、准确而高效的分析方法。测定结果表明,蛹虫草富含有K、P、Mg、Ca、Zn元素。