Memory Effects in the Dynamics of Open Quantum Systems

In this Thesis various aspects of memory effects in the dynamics of open quantum systems are studied. We develop a general theoretical framework for open quantum systems beyond the Markov approximation which allows us to investigate different sources of memory effects and to develop methods for harnessing them in order to realise controllable open quantum systems. In the first part of the Thesis a characterisation of non-Markovian dynamics in terms of information flow is developed and applied to study different sources of memory effects. Namely, we study nonlocal memory effects which arise due to initial correlations between two local environments and further the memory effects induced by initial correlations between the open system and the environment. The last part focuses on describing two all-optical experiment in which through selective preparation of the initial environment states the information flow between the system and the environment can be controlled. In the first experiment the system is driven from the Markovian to the non- Markovian regime and the degree of non-Markovianity is determined. In the second experiment we observe the nonlocal nature of the memory effects and provide a novel method to experimentally quantify frequency correlations in photonic environments via polarisation measurements.

Tilaus-toimitusprosessin tuki PVSAP-järjestelmällä

Tutkimustyö käsittelee Puolustusvoimien pienikaliiperisten ampumatarvikkeiden normaaliajan tilaus-toimitusprosessia käyttäen esimerkkinä Karjalan Prikaatia. Se pyrkii selvittämään, kuinka tilaus-toimitusprosessia ja sen tukena olevaa PVSAP-toiminnanohjausjärjestelmää tulisi kehittää toiminnan tehostamiseksi prosessijohtamisen näkökulmasta. Sen tueksi selvitetään erityisesti Puolustusvoimien prosessijohtamisen keskeisiä osa-alueita, nykyisiä tilaus-toimitusprosesseja ja niihin liittyen PVSAP-järjestelmän tukea sekä nykytilan ja prosessijohtamisen osa-alueiden keskinäistä vastaavuutta. Puolustusvoimien kannalta keskeistä prosessijohtamisen teoriaa selvitettiin lähdemateriaalin avulla. Työssä käytettiin teoreettisena prosessijohtamisen lähtökohtana deterministispainotteista mallia. Teorian perusteella luotiin työkalu, jonka pohjalta tarkasteltiin Puolustusvoimien prosessijohtamisen tilaa. Puolustusvoimien johtamisjärjestelmään, materiaalihallintoon ja PVSAPjärjestelmään liittyvistä asiakirjoista luotiin kuva Puolustusvoimien – erityisesti materiaalihallinnon – toimintamalleista. Useille organisaatiotasoille ulotetulla kyselyllä täydennettiin käsitystä nykyisestä todellisesta toimintatavasta ja prosessitoiminnan tilasta Puolustusvoimissa. Puolustusvoimat on edelleen funktionaalisesti johdettu organisaatio, ja vaikka prosessimaista toimintamallia tavoitellaankin, prosessien määrittely ja niin ollen myös toiminta ulottuu pääprosesseihin, mutta on muutoin vielä epäyhtenäistä ja osin puutteellista. Tilaus-toimitusprosessi toimii hyvin funktionaalisen ohjauksen varassa. PVSAP-järjestelmä on hyvä tuki varastonhallinnassa ja jossakin määrin raportoinnissa, mutta frekvenssiltään suurimmat alajohtoportaiden tapahtumat ovat edelleen manuaalisen tiedonsiirron ja raportoinnin varassa. PVSAPin potentiaali on käyttämättä muun muassa integroinnin ja suunnittelun alueilla. Funktionaalisen ja prosessijohtamisen hybridi on mahdollinen toimintamalli, mutta jos prosessijohtamisen suuntaan haluta edetä, on päätettävä selkeästi tavat ja tavoitteet ja edettävä päätettyyn suuntaan määrätietoisesti. Prosessijohtamiseen siirtyminen voi olla helpointa erikoistuneiden laitosten sisällä. Tilaus-toimitusprosessi voidaan vakioida ja käyttää sitä geneerisesti useilla materiaalisektoreilla. Tilaus-toimitusprosessiin ja PVSAP-järjestelmään esitetään useita käytännön kehittämisehdotuksia, esimerkiksi roolikohtaisesti räätälöidyt ja helppokäyttöiset tiedon syöttötyökalut sekä dokumenttien generoinnin ja erilaisten tarkistusten siirtäminen suurelta osin koneelliseksi.

The genetics of behaviour and other adaptive traits in nine-spined sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius)

One of the main goals in current evolutionary biology research is to identify genes behind adaptive phenotypic variations. The advances in genomic technologies have made it possible to identify genetic loci behind these variations, also concerning non-model species. This thesis investigates the genetics of the behaviour and other adaptive traits of the nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) through the application of different genetic approaches. Fennoscandian nine-spined stickleback populations express large phenotypical differences especially in behaviour, life –history traits and morphology. However the underlying genetic bases for these phenotypical differences have not been studied in detail. The results of the project will lay the foundation for further genetics studies and provide valuable information for our understanding of the genetics of the adaptive divergence of the nine-spined stickleback. A candidate gene approach was used to develop microsatellite markers situating close to candidate genes for behaviour in the nine-spined stickleback. Altogether 13 markers were developed and these markers were used in the subsequent studies with the anonymous random markers and physiologically important gene markers which are already currently available for nine-spined sticklebacks. It was shown that heterozygosity correlated with behaviour in one of the marine nine-spined stickleback populations but with contrasting effects: correlations with behaviour were negative when using physiological gene markers and positive with random markers. No correlation was found between behavioural markers and behaviour. From the physiological gene markers, a strong correlation was found between osmoregulation-related gene markers and behaviour. These results indicate that both local (physiological) and general (random) effects are important in the shaping of behaviour and that heterozygosity– behaviour correlations are population dependent. In this thesis a second linkage map for nine-spined sticklebacks was constructed. Compared to the earlier nine-spined stickleback linkage map, genomic rearrangements were observed between autosomal (LG7) and sex-determing (LG12) linkage groups. This newly constructed map was used in QTL mapping studies in order to locate genomic regions associated with pelvic structures, behaviour and body size/growth. One major QTL was found for pelvic structures and Pitx1 gene was related to these traits as was predicted from three-spined stickleback studies, but this was in contrast to earlier nine-spined stickleback study. The QTL studies also revealed that behaviour and body size/growth were genetically more complex by having more QTL than pelvic traits. However, in many cases, pelvic structure, body size/growth and behaviour were linked to similar map locations indicating possible pleiotropic effects of genes locating in these QTL regions. Many of the gene related markers resided in the QTL area. In the future, studying these possible candidate genes in depth might reveal the underlying mechanism behind the measured traits.

Kansainvälistä ympäristöoikeutta suomeksi

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Perusteellisesti soista

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Bridge over troubled water - using the CRIS in building Open Access infrastructures

Presentation at the Nordic Perspectives on Open Access and Open Science seminar, Helsinki, October 15, 2013

Vauhtikausi. Autoilun sukupuoli 1920-luvun Suomessa

The Age of Speed:Automobility’s Gender in the 1920s Finland The aim of this study is to analyze the connections between automobility and gender in Finland in the 1920s. In this study it is argued that the 1920s was the significant era in the Finnish history of automobility when many of the long-lasting gendered notions and cultural understandings were constructed. This study combines cultural history of technology with gender analysis. As the previous research on gender and technology has recognized, technology is a significant site of gender negotiations. Both from the cultural historical perspective and a gender perspective it is important to understand both technology and gender as cultural constructions. They were linked together and constructed each other. In other words: technology shapes gender and gender shapes technology. Historians of technology like Nina Lerman, Ruth Oldenziel and Arwen Mohun have argued that both gender and technology are about power: social, cultural, economic and political. In this study automobility means technology that can be analyzed in layers of identity, structures, institutions and representations. The source material consists of various types of historical sources, magazines and journals, advertisements, archival material together with films and literature. In the previous studies of the history of automobility gender has often been neglected. The term “gender” has also quite often been misunderstood. Some studies in the field have only focused on the early female drivers. However, far too little attention has been paid to the question, why automobility was considered as masculine sphere only. This study aims to give new insights to the previous interpretations of the history of automobility. As in various other countries also in Finland, the decade of the 1920s is characterized as a period of “modern times.” It was also the era of the automobiles. Although the number of cars in Finland was still low compared to the other European countries and the USA, in press, films and literature, images of automobiles and new women – and men – on the wheel became as an emblem of a new era. The thesis consists of three main chapters. The first main chapter focuses on the conflicts between drivers and non-drivers. The study shows how in the debate of the automobility “a driver” was constantly referred as a man and “a pedestrian” accordingly a woman, even though in the reality there were as much men and women walking on the streets and the roads. Thus, the public debate constructed and reconstructed the gendered traffic system where men were playing the key role. The second main chapter of the study analyses the automobile clubs and the cultural representations. The chapter answers the question how the concept of a driver was gendered. The Automobile clubs and the organizations of professional drivers were in a significant role in developing the early history of traffic in Finland. The Finnish Automobile Club (Suomen Automobiili Klubi, founded in 1919) was the oldest and the most powerful of all automobile organizations. The Finnish Automobile Club accepted women as members from the very beginning. The membership was strictly limited to the upper class and the very first female members were wives and daughters of the male members. However, Doctor of medicine and surgery 316 Karolina Eskelin (1867-1936) the founding member of the Club was an exception to that convention. The male members of the Finnish Automobile Club attended official international meetings and consulted Finnish authorities in traffic and road questions, whereas, female members joined car trips, picnics and social gatherings arranged by the club. Few young female members of the club drove in races and gross-country-tours. The cultural representations of drivers in the Finnish media in the 1920s both deconstructed and reconstructed the concept of gender. In Finnish press in general, motoring was seen as male dominated area. Men were represented as the experts of the automobility. The drivers’ uniforms and the automobile clubs underlined professionalism and expertise which, thus, got masculine meaning. Women were beautiful accessories in the car ads, but they were also becoming a new consumer group in the market. The representations of the female and the male drivers influenced and shaped actively the understandings of femininity and masculinity. In the third main chapter the analysis focuses on the automobile as an artifact.The automobile was considered as an artifact that primarily belonged to the masculine domain. However, the representations of the automobiles were ambivalent. The automobile was both masculine and feminine depending on the context. The representations of the automobile were also used to construct the discourse of heteronormativity.

Oppiva opettaja 12 : Yliopistopedagogisen koulutuksen 2012 - 2013 opetuksen kehittämishankkeet

Oppiva opettaja 12 -julkaisuun on koottu lukuvuonna 2012–2013 Yliopistopedagogiikan opintokokonaisuuden suorittaneiden pedagogisten kehittämistehtävien raportit. Kehittämistehtävän tekeminen ja sen raportointi sisältyvät yliopistopedagogiseen opintokokonaisuuteen, jossa muita osa-alueita ovat yliopistopedagogiikan perusteet, opetusviestintä, ohjaus yliopisto-opetuksessa sekä opetuksen ja oppimisen arviointi ja opetuksen laadun kehittäminen.