Avaliação da ecotoxicidade de percolados em áreas de disposição de resíduos na região metropolitana de Natal/RN

Leachates are effluent produced by decomposition of solid waste, they have complex composition and can be highly toxic. Therefore such percolated liquid should be collected and treated properly to avoid environmental contamination of soil and of water bodies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity through ecotoxicological tests with Ceriodaphnia dubia (Cladocera - Crustacea) of percolated liquids generated in two different systems of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal in the city of Natal/ RN: A Sanitary Landfill in the Metropolitan Region of Natal/ RN, and in a dump off area. Furthermore, it was evaluated the possible contamination of the underground water of the dump off area. Two monthly samples were taken at four points between the months of May/2009 and January/2010. The Point "A" corresponds to the end of the pond leachate treatment in ASRMN; The Point "B" corresponds to a containment pond at the dump. The Point "C" is an area near one of the cells of the dump off area where the leachate outcrops; The Point "D" stands for an underground water well at the area. The last point, called "E" was sampled only once and corresponds to the slurry produced by temporary accumulation of solid waste in the open area of the dump. The ecotoxicological tests, acute and chronic, followed the ABNT 13373/2005 rules, with some modifications. The samples were characterized by measuring the pH number, the dissolved oxygen (DO), the salinity, BOD5, COD, Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Fe, Mg, Ni, and Zn. At Point A, the average number of EC50-48h ranged between 1.0% and 2.77% (v/v), showing a high toxicity of the leachate to C.dubia in all months. To this point, positive correlations were found between the EC50- 48 with precipitation. Negative correlations were found between the EC50- 48h with salinity. At point B there was no response of the acute exposure of organisms to the test samples. At point C the EC50-48h ranged from 17.68% to 35.36% in just two months of the five ones analyzed, not correlated meaning. Point D, the EC50-48h level ranged between 12.31% and 71.27%, showed a negative correlation with, only, precipitation. Although it was observed toxicity of underground water in the Landfill Area, there was no evidence of water contamination by leachate, however, due to the toxic character of this water, additional tests should be conducted to confirm the quality of water that is used for human supply. At point E there was no acute toxicity. These results support the dangers of inappropriate disposal of MSW to water bodies due to the high toxicity of the leachate produced highlighting the necessity of places of safe confinement and a treatment system more effective to it

Diagnóstico ecotoxicológico dos efluentes lançados no complexo estuarino do Jundiaí/Potengi, Natal/RN

Untreated effluents that reach surface water affect the aquatic life and humans. This study aimed to evaluate the wastewater s toxicity (municipal, industrial and shrimp pond effluents) released in the Estuarine Complex of Jundiaí- Potengi, Natal/RN, through chronic quantitative e qualitative toxicity tests using the test organism Mysidopsis Juniae, CRUSTACEA, MYSIDACEA (Silva, 1979). For this, a new methodology for viewing chronic effects on organisms of M. juniae was used (only renewal), based on another existing methodology to another testorganism very similar to M. Juniae, the M. Bahia (daily renewal).Toxicity tests 7 days duration were used for detecting effects on the survival and fecundity in M. juniae. Lethal Concentration 50% (LC50%) was determined by the Trimmed Spearman-Karber; Inhibition Concentration 50% (IC50%) in fecundity was determined by Linear Interpolation. ANOVA (One Way) tests (p = 0.05) were used to determinate the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) and Low Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC). Effluents flows were measured and the toxic load of the effluents was estimated. Multivariate analysis - Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Correspondence Analysis (CA) - identified the physic-chemical parameters better explain the patterns of toxicity found in survival and fecundity of M. juniae. We verified the feasibility of applying the only renewal system in chronic tests with M. Juniae. Most efluentes proved toxic on the survival and fecundity of M. Juniae, except for some shrimp pond effluents. The most toxic effluent was ETE Lagoa Aerada (LC50, 6.24%; IC50, 4.82%), ETE Quintas (LC50, 5.85%), Giselda Trigueiro Hospital (LC50, 2.05%), CLAN (LC50, 2.14%) and COTEMINAS (LC50, IC50 and 38.51%, 6.94%). The greatest toxic load was originated from ETE inefficient high flow effluents, textile effluents and CLAN. The organic load was related to the toxic effects of wastewater and hospital effluents in survival of M. Juniae, as well as heavy metals, total residual chlorine and phenols. In industrial effluents was found relationship between toxicity and organic load, phenols, oils and greases and benzene. The effects on fertility were related, in turn, with chlorine and heavy metals. Toxicity tests using other organisms of different trophic levels, as well as analysis of sediment toxicity are recommended to confirm the patterns found with M. Juniae. However, the results indicate the necessity for implementation and improvement of sewage treatment systems affluent to the Potengi s estuary

Relatório de estágio no VILA VITA Parc Resort & Spa: Avaliação dos riscos psicossociais na secção da lavandaria

O presente relatório de estágio comtempla a período final do Mestrado em Gestão e Direção Hoteleira, na Escola Superior de Turismo e Tecnologia do Mar, do Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, e tem como objetivo a descrever o estágio realizado bem como a apresentação do desafio proposto, sobre a avaliação dos riscos psicossociais na seção da lavandaria, de um resort de cinco estrelas. O estágio decorreu ao longo de nove meses, com início a 1 de setembro de 2014 e fim a 31 de maio de 2015, no conceituado VILA VITA Parc Resort & Spa, localizado no concelho de Lagoa. No decorrer do presente relatório, é feito uma caraterização de todo o empreendimento e ainda é descrito a forma de como todas as atividades desenvolvidas, em nove departamentos, foram essenciais para uma melhor compreensão de todo o funcionamento de um grande empreendimento turístico e ainda, para o aprofundamento dos conhecimentos na área da gestão hoteleira, obtidos durante o percurso académico. Ao longo do estágio, foi descoberta a necessidade de se realizar um estudo acerca da avaliação dos riscos psicossociais, para entender de que forma, estes, influenciam a produtividade dos trabalhadores. Trata-se de um tema emergente e da qual mereceu toda a sua atenção, dando início a um estudo exploratório na secção da lavandaria. O presente estudo pretende explicar a importância da saúde e bem-estar dos colaboradores, durante a sua atividade profissional. Para a realização do estudo, foi utilizado o método de avaliação, F-Psico, que resulta na realização de questionários aos colaboradores e, posteriormente, o tratamento informatizado, dos dados obtidos. Foram, ainda, elaboradas entrevistas às chefias diretas, com o intuito de perceber as suas opiniões sobre o tema estudado. Após a análise e avaliação de todos os dados, obtêm-se resultados com realidades muito diferentes, entre colaboradores e chefias, e é apresentado um exemplo da estruturação de um plano de ação. É possível concluir a necessidade de expansão deste estudo em outros departamentos, de forma a melhorar a qualidade de vida dos colaboradores.

Perceção dos residentes sobre impactos e políticas turísticas

A Lagoa de Óbidos é um sistema lagunar costeiro localizado na Costa Ocidental Portuguesa, mais precisamente entre os concelhos de Caldas da Rainha e Óbidos, distrito de Leiria. A sua ligação ao mar é realizada através de um canal estreito e móvel, denominado “Aberta”, que tem sofrido ao longo dos últimos 10 anos (tal como as restantes lagoas Europeias) diversos impactos ambientais, dos quais se destacam a eutrofização, a poluição e o assoreamento (Santos et al, sem data). A região no qual está inserida apresentava outrora uma economia baseada na coleta de limo, produção de sal, caça e pesca. Apesar de nos dias de hoje, a Lagoa ser ainda fonte de alimento para muitas famílias de pescadores, apresenta uma economia baseada na agricultura, tendo como atividades complementares a agropecuária, os serviços e o turismo, cujo mercado tem vindo a aumentar exponencialmente com a construção de infraestruturas turísticas. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi averiguar a perceção e sensibilidade dos residentes face aos impactos positivos e negativos da atividade turística, mas também de políticas turísticas a implementar na Lagoa de Óbidos. A entrevista pessoal foi o método escolhido para recolha de dados e foi realizada pela própria investigadora aos residentes dos municípios de Caldas da Rainha e Óbidos. Os resultados demonstraram que os indivíduos com maior nível de formação académico, em especial secundário e superior, revelaram maior consciência sobre a temática abordada, assim como nas medidas a implementar ao nível da preservação e conservação do local. Pelo que o presente estudo visa demonstrar a importância de educar e formar os indivíduos sobre as temáticas ambientais e sustentáveis, assim como dos vários impactos do turismo num destino (vantagens e desvantagens), em particular na Lagoa de Óbidos, uma vez que se trata de um sistema lagunar costeiro de elevado valor biológico. Constatou-se ainda, que os inquiridos reconhecem a importância da Lagoa de Óbidos em termos atrativos e enquanto recurso natural, sendo necessário melhorar as suas condições ambientais, assim como da sua envolvente (no que refere às infraestruturas de apoio, balneários, acessos, etc.).

Kinetic analysis of metal uptake by dry and gel alginate particles

The kinetics of metal uptake by gel and dry calcium alginate beads was analysed using solutions of copper or lead ions. Gel beads sorbed metal ions faster than the dry ones and larger diffusivities of metal ions were calculated for gel beads: approximately 10−4 cm2/min vs. 10−6 cm2/min for dry beads. In accordance, scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption data revealed a low porosity of dry alginate particles. However, dry beads showed higher sorption capacities and a mechanical stability more suitable for large-scale use. Two sorption models were fitted to the kinetic results: the Lagergren pseudo-first order and the Ho and McKay pseudo-second order equations. The former was found to be the most adequate to model metal uptake by dry alginate beads and kinetic constants in the orders of 10−3 and 10−2 min−1 were obtained for lead solutions with concentrations up to 100 g/m3. The pseudo-first order model was also found to be valid to describe biosorbent operation with a real wastewater indicating that it can be used to design processes of metal sorption with alginate-based materials.

Evaluation of dry protonated calcium alginate beads for biosorption applications and studies of lead uptake

Alginate polysaccharide is a promising biosorbent for metal uptake. Dry protonated calcium alginate beads for biosorption applications were prepared, briefly characterized and tested for lead uptake. Several advantages of this biosorbent are reported and discussed in comparison with other alginate-based sorbents. The alginate beads contained 4.7 mmol/g of COOH groups, which suffered hydrolysis near pH 4. The Weber and Morris model, applied to kinetic results of lead uptake, showed that intraparticle diffusion was the rate-controlling step in lead sorption by dry alginate beads. Equilibrium experiments were performed and the data were fitted with different isotherm models. The Langmuir equation was the most adequate to model lead sorption. The maximum uptake capacity (qmax) was estimated as 339 mg/g and the Langmuir constant (b) as 0.84 l/mg. These values were compared with that of other sorbents found in the literature, indicating that dry protonated calcium alginate beads are among the best biosorbents for the treatment and recovery of heavy metals from aqueous streams.

Evaluation of dry protonated calcium alginate beads for biosorption applications and studies of lead uptake

Alginate polysaccharide is a promising biosorbent for metal uptake. Dry protonated calcium alginate beads for biosorption applications were prepared, briefly characterized and tested for lead uptake. Several advantages of this biosorbent are reported and discussed in comparison with other alginate-based sorbents. The alginate beads contained 4.7 mmol/g of COOH groups, which suffered hydrolysis near pH 4. The Weber and Morris model, applied to kinetic results of lead uptake, showed that intraparticle diffusion was the rate-controlling step in lead sorption by dry alginate beads. Equilibrium experiments were performed and the data were fitted with different isotherm models. The Langmuir equation was the most adequate to model lead sorption. The maximum uptake capacity (qmax) was estimated as 339 mg/g and the Langmuir constant (b) as 0.84 l/mg. These values were compared with that of other sorbents found in the literature, indicating that dry protonated calcium alginate beads are among the best biosorbents for the treatment and recovery of heavy metals from aqueous streams.

Copper ions binding in cu‐alginate gelation

Alginate polysaccharide forms viscous aqueous dispersions and has the ability to form gels in the presence of divalent cations such as calcium and copper. In this work, we have studied cooper ions binding during Cu‐alginate gelation, obtaining quantitative information about the amount and kinetics of cation binding. Our results indicate that copper binding during gelation occurs until a Langmuir‐type equilibrium is reached between bound and free ions in the gel‐contacting solution. The kinetics of metal ions binding can be modeled using Ritchie equation–derived models, allowing the prediction of ionic binding and gel formation temporal evolution. The ratio between cationic and polysaccharide quantities in the gelation system determines the kinetics of gelation and the characteristics of the gel formed. The experimental results and models applied in the work give more insights on alginate gelation and contribute to a reliable design and control of production methods for alginate gel structures.

A comparative study of alginate beads and an ion-exchange resin for the removal of heavy metals from a metal plating effluent

The capacity of dry protonated calcium alginate beads to sorb metals from an industrial effluent was studied and compared with a commercial ion-exchange resin (Lewatit TP 207). Both sorbents decreased zinc, nickel, iron and calcium concentrations in the effluent, and released sodium during treatment. Alginate beads removed lower amounts of heavy metals than the resin, but exhibited faster uptake kinetics. Zinc desorption from the sorbents was achieved in 30 minutes using 0.1 M HCl or 0.1 M H(2)SO(4). Desorption ratios with these acids varied between 90 and 100% for alginate, and 98 to 100% for the ion-exchange resin. Reusability tests with HCl showed that alginate beads can stand acid desorption and recover binding capacity. Overall, the comparison of dry protonated alginate beads with the resin supports the potential of the biosorbent for the treatment of industrial effluents.

The decrease of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 activity and increase of ROS production by NADPH oxidases are early biomarkers in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Aves de Milagres: interdisciplinaridade no ensino das Ciências

Resumo publicado em Livro de Atas

Qualidade microbiológica da água do rio Lis

Artigo publicado no Livro de Actas do Congresso

Concepção de uma rede de monitorização da qualidade da água com base nas pressões antropogénicas

Comunicação seleccionada e artigo em Livro de Actas

Modelling of metal recovery from industrial wastewater using a biopolymer sorbent

Comunicação selecionada e Artigo publicado no Livro de Actas do Congresso

Remoção de metais pesados de soluções usando um biopolímero

Comunicação seleccionada e artigo em Livro de Actas