[ Farmān:jañgbārnā:bījī:mûsāfarinā:tathā:faramān:nāîrobī:mûṁbāsā:pûnā:gûādhar:malīgām(5)nā

Farmāns made by Aga Khan III between February and December 1905 in Zanzibar, Nairobi, Mombasa, Poona and Gwader.

Maize Stress DIESI-MS Data and R Script

Climatic change is an increasing challenge for agriculture that is driving the development of suitable crops in order to ensure supply for both human nutrition and animal feed. In this context, it is increasingly important to understand the biochemical responses of cells to environmental cues at the whole system level, an aim that is being brought closer by advances in high throughput, cost-efficient plant metabolomics. To support molecular breeding activities, we have assessed the economic, technical and statistical feasibility of using direct mass spectrometry methods to evaluate the physiological state of maize (Zea mays L.) plants grown under different stress conditions.

[La independencia de la potestad eclesiástica, reconocida y respetada por el Gobierno de S. M. en el Concordato novísimo, tiene en su apoyo los más sólidos fundamentos de conveniencia y de justicia] : Discurso leído ante el Claustro de la Universidad Central ... /

Tesis de la Universidad Central (Madrid), Facultad de Derecho, leída el 16-02-1864.

Historia de América desde los tiempos más remotos hasta nuestros días /

Contiene: T. I (1844. 536, III p., [16] h. lám.) -- T. II (1845. 430 p., [15] h. lám.)

Tratado elemental ó Principios de física : fundados en los conocimientos más ciertos así antiguos como modernos y confirmados por la experiencia /

Mode of access: Internet.

Time-dependent evolution of tissue markers by MALDI-MS imaging

We have used MALDI-MS imaging (MALDI-MSI) to monitor the time dependent appearance and loss of signals when tissue slices are brought rapidly to room temperature for short to medium periods of time. Sections from mouse brain were cut in a cryostat microtome, placed on a MALDI target and allowed to warm to room temperature for 30 s to 3 h. Sections were then refrozen, fixed by ethanol treatment and analysed by MALDI-MSI. The intensity of a range of markers were seen to vary across the time course, both increasing and decreasing, with the intensity of some markers changing significantly within 30 s and markers also showed tissue location specific evolution. The markers resulting from this autolysis were compared directly to those that evolved in a comparable 16 h on-tissue trypsin digest, and the markers that evolved in the two studies were seen to be substantially different. These changes offer an important additional level of location-dependent information for mapping changes and seeking disease-dependent biomarkers in the tissue. They also indicate that considerable care is required to allow comparison of biomarkers between MALDI-MSI experiments and also has implications for the standard practice of thaw-mounting multiple tissue sections onto MALDI-MS targets.

Prediction of Klason lignin and lignin thermal degradation products by Py-GC/MS in a collection of Lolium and Festuca grasses

A rapid method for the analysis of biomass feedstocks was established to identify the quality of the pyrolysis products likely to impact on bio-oil production. A total of 15 Lolium and Festuca grasses known to exhibit a range of Klason lignin contents were analysed by pyroprobe-GC/MS (Py-GC/MS) to determine the composition of the thermal degradation products of lignin. The identification of key marker compounds which are the derivatives of the three major lignin subunits (G, H, and S) allowed pyroprobe-GC/MS to be statistically correlated to the Klason lignin content of the biomass using the partial least-square method to produce a calibration model. Data from this multivariate modelling procedure was then applied to identify likely "key marker" ions representative of the lignin subunits from the mass spectral data. The combined total abundance of the identified key markers for the lignin subunits exhibited a linear relationship with the Klason lignin content. In addition the effect of alkali metal concentration on optimum pyrolysis characteristics was also examined. Washing of the grass samples removed approximately 70% of the metals and changed the characteristics of the thermal degradation process and products. Overall the data indicate that both the organic and inorganic specification of the biofuel impacts on the pyrolysis process and that pyroprobe-GC/MS is a suitable analytical technique to asses lignin composition. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Multiple frequency functional connectivity in the hand somatosensory network:an EEG study

Objective: To investigate the dynamics of communication within the primary somatosensory neuronal network. Methods: Multichannel EEG responses evoked by median nerve stimulation were recorded from six healthy participants. We investigated the directional connectivity of the evoked responses by assessing the Partial Directed Coherence (PDC) among five neuronal nodes (brainstem, thalamus and three in the primary sensorimotor cortex), which had been identified by using the Functional Source Separation (FSS) algorithm. We analyzed directional connectivity separately in the low (1-200. Hz, LF) and high (450-750. Hz, HF) frequency ranges. Results: LF forward connectivity showed peaks at 16, 20, 30 and 50. ms post-stimulus. An estimate of the strength of connectivity was modulated by feedback involving cortical and subcortical nodes. In HF, forward connectivity showed peaks at 20, 30 and 50. ms, with no apparent feedback-related strength changes. Conclusions: In this first non-invasive study in humans, we documented directional connectivity across subcortical and cortical somatosensory pathway, discriminating transmission properties within LF and HF ranges. Significance: The combined use of FSS and PDC in a simple protocol such as median nerve stimulation sheds light on how high and low frequency components of the somatosensory evoked response are functionally interrelated in sustaining somatosensory perception in healthy individuals. Thus, these components may potentially be explored as biomarkers of pathological conditions. © 2012 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.

Intermediate pyrolysis and product identification by TGA and Py-GC/MS of green microalgae and their extracted protein and lipid components

The thermo-chemical conversion of green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii wild type (CCAP 11/32C), its cell wall deficient mutant C. reinhardtii CW15 (CCAP 11/32CW15) and Chlorella vulgaris (CCAP 211/11B) as well as their proteins and lipids was studied under conditions of intermediate pyrolysis. The microalgae were characterised for ultimate and gross chemical composition, lipid composition and extracted products were analysed by Thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) and Pyrolysis-gaschromatography/mass-spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Proteins accounted for almost 50% and lipids 16-22 % of dry weight of cells with little difference in the lipid compositions between the C. reinhardtii wild type and the cell wall mutant. During TGA analysis, each biomass exhibited three stages of decomposition, namely dehydration, devolatilization and decomposition of carbonaceous solids. Py-GC/MS analysis revealed significant protein derived compounds from all algae including toluene, phenol, 4-methylphenol, 1H-indole, 1H-indole-3methyl. Lipid pyrolysis products derived from C. reinhardtii wild type and C. reinhardtii CW15 were almost identical and reflected the close similarity of the fatty acid profiles of both strains. Major products identified were phytol and phytol derivatives formed from the terpenoid chain of chlorophyll, benzoic acid alkyl ester derivative, benzenedicarboxylic acid alkyl ester derivative and squalene. In addition, octadecanoic acid octyl ester, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester and hydrocarbons including heptadecane, 1-nonadecene and heneicosane were detected from C. vulgaris pyrolysed lipids. These results contrast sharply with the types of pyrolytic products obtained from terrestrial lignocellulosic feedstocks and reveal that intermediate pyrolysis of algal biomass generates a range of useful products with wide ranging applications including bio fuels.

Elemental analysis and forensic comparison of soils by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)

The elemental analysis of soil is useful in forensic and environmental sciences. Methods were developed and optimized for two laser-based multi-element analysis techniques: laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). This work represents the first use of a 266 nm laser for forensic soil analysis by LIBS. Sample preparation methods were developed and optimized for a variety of sample types, including pellets for large bulk soil specimens (470 mg) and sediment-laden filters (47 mg), and tape-mounting for small transfer evidence specimens (10 mg). Analytical performance for sediment filter pellets and tape-mounted soils was similar to that achieved with bulk pellets. An inter-laboratory comparison exercise was designed to evaluate the performance of the LA-ICP-MS and LIBS methods, as well as for micro X-ray fluorescence (μXRF), across multiple laboratories. Limits of detection (LODs) were 0.01-23 ppm for LA-ICP-MS, 0.25-574 ppm for LIBS, 16-4400 ppm for μXRF, and well below the levels normally seen in soils. Good intra-laboratory precision (≤ 6 % relative standard deviation (RSD) for LA-ICP-MS; ≤ 8 % for μXRF; ≤ 17 % for LIBS) and inter-laboratory precision (≤ 19 % for LA-ICP-MS; ≤ 25 % for μXRF) were achieved for most elements, which is encouraging for a first inter-laboratory exercise. While LIBS generally has higher LODs and RSDs than LA-ICP-MS, both were capable of generating good quality multi-element data sufficient for discrimination purposes. Multivariate methods using principal components analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were developed for discriminations of soils from different sources. Specimens from different sites that were indistinguishable by color alone were discriminated by elemental analysis. Correct classification rates of 94.5 % or better were achieved in a simulated forensic discrimination of three similar sites for both LIBS and LA-ICP-MS. Results for tape-mounted specimens were nearly identical to those achieved with pellets. Methods were tested on soils from USA, Canada and Tanzania. Within-site heterogeneity was site-specific. Elemental differences were greatest for specimens separated by large distances, even within the same lithology. Elemental profiles can be used to discriminate soils from different locations and narrow down locations even when mineralogy is similar.

(Table 1) Comparison between bulk ICP-OES measurements and LA-ICP-MS analyses for Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios of Globigerinoides sacculifer from ODP Hole 165-1000A

We constructed a high-resolution Mg/Ca record on the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides sacculifer in order to explore the change in sea surface temperature (SST) due to the shoaling of the Isthmus of Panama as well as the impact of secondary factors like diagenesis and large salinity fluctuations. The study covers the latest Miocene and the early Pliocene (5.6-3.9 Ma) and was combined with d18O to isolate changes in sea surface salinity (SSS). Before 4.5 Ma, SSTMg/Ca and SSS show moderate fluctuations, indicating a free exchange of surface ocean water masses between the Pacific and the Atlantic. The increase in d18O after 4.5 Ma represents increasing salinities in the Caribbean due to the progressive closure of the Panamanian Gateway. The increase in Mg/Ca toward values of maximum 7 mmol/mol suggests that secondary influences have played a significant role. Evidence of crystalline overgrowths on the foraminiferal tests in correlation with aragonite, Sr/Ca, and productivity cyclicities indicates a diagenetic overprint on the foraminiferal tests. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analyses, however, do not show significantly increased Mg/Ca ratios in the crystalline overgrowths, and neither do calculations based on pore water data conclusively result in significantly elevated Mg/Ca ratios in the crystalline overgrowths. Alternatively, the elevated Mg/Ca ratios might have been caused by salinity as the d18O record of Site 1000 has been interpreted to represent large fluctuations in SSS, and cultivating experiments have shown an increase in Mg/Ca with increasing salinity. We conclude that the Mg/Ca record <4.5 Ma can only reliably be considered for paleoceanographical purposes when the minimum values, not showing any evidence of secondary influences, are used, resulting in a warming of central Caribbean surface water masses after 4.5 Ma of ~2°C.

Bloque académico 2015/16 : Lineamientos de la propuesta Pegagógico/Curricular para el área Educación Física -Colegio Nacional Rafael Hernández-UNLP

Se presenta, de modo general, el estado de avance de la propuesta pedagógica curricular correspondiente al Bloque académico, destinado a alumnos que cursan el primer y segundo año de estudios, 2015/2016 del Departamento de Educación Física del Colegio Nacional Rafael Hernández - UNLP. La pregunta que dio lugar a el diseño de las acciones que configuran nuestra propuesta fue el siguiente: ¿Sobre qué cuestiones de la Enseñanza deberíamos pensar para que los alumnos de primer y segundo año mejoren sus aprendizajes motores y corporales? Entendemos que, una enseñanza adecuada y de calidad brinda a los alumnos más oportunidad de mejores aprendizajes, y para dar respuesta a la categoría adecuación los ejes de trabajo deberían ser la inclusión y el respeto de las características, los trayectos escolares previos y las dificultades de los alumnos. En un primer momento, presentamos los aspectos históricos, disciplinares y las características de los alumnos del colegio, que cursan primer y segundo año, que nos ayudaron a diseñar nuestra propuesta; en un segundo momento explicitamos el programa y las metas de aprendizaje para cada uno de los seis trimestres que conforman el bloque pedagógico, correspondientes al área de Educación Física; dispositivos que nos permitirán aunar estrategias y de trabajo para la acción pedagógica

Bloque académico 2015/16 : Lineamientos de la propuesta Pegagógico/Curricular para el área Educación Física -Colegio Nacional Rafael Hernández-UNLP

Se presenta, de modo general, el estado de avance de la propuesta pedagógica curricular correspondiente al Bloque académico, destinado a alumnos que cursan el primer y segundo año de estudios, 2015/2016 del Departamento de Educación Física del Colegio Nacional Rafael Hernández - UNLP. La pregunta que dio lugar a el diseño de las acciones que configuran nuestra propuesta fue el siguiente: ¿Sobre qué cuestiones de la Enseñanza deberíamos pensar para que los alumnos de primer y segundo año mejoren sus aprendizajes motores y corporales? Entendemos que, una enseñanza adecuada y de calidad brinda a los alumnos más oportunidad de mejores aprendizajes, y para dar respuesta a la categoría adecuación los ejes de trabajo deberían ser la inclusión y el respeto de las características, los trayectos escolares previos y las dificultades de los alumnos. En un primer momento, presentamos los aspectos históricos, disciplinares y las características de los alumnos del colegio, que cursan primer y segundo año, que nos ayudaron a diseñar nuestra propuesta; en un segundo momento explicitamos el programa y las metas de aprendizaje para cada uno de los seis trimestres que conforman el bloque pedagógico, correspondientes al área de Educación Física; dispositivos que nos permitirán aunar estrategias y de trabajo para la acción pedagógica

Bloque académico 2015/16 : Lineamientos de la propuesta Pegagógico/Curricular para el área Educación Física -Colegio Nacional Rafael Hernández-UNLP

Se presenta, de modo general, el estado de avance de la propuesta pedagógica curricular correspondiente al Bloque académico, destinado a alumnos que cursan el primer y segundo año de estudios, 2015/2016 del Departamento de Educación Física del Colegio Nacional Rafael Hernández - UNLP. La pregunta que dio lugar a el diseño de las acciones que configuran nuestra propuesta fue el siguiente: ¿Sobre qué cuestiones de la Enseñanza deberíamos pensar para que los alumnos de primer y segundo año mejoren sus aprendizajes motores y corporales? Entendemos que, una enseñanza adecuada y de calidad brinda a los alumnos más oportunidad de mejores aprendizajes, y para dar respuesta a la categoría adecuación los ejes de trabajo deberían ser la inclusión y el respeto de las características, los trayectos escolares previos y las dificultades de los alumnos. En un primer momento, presentamos los aspectos históricos, disciplinares y las características de los alumnos del colegio, que cursan primer y segundo año, que nos ayudaron a diseñar nuestra propuesta; en un segundo momento explicitamos el programa y las metas de aprendizaje para cada uno de los seis trimestres que conforman el bloque pedagógico, correspondientes al área de Educación Física; dispositivos que nos permitirán aunar estrategias y de trabajo para la acción pedagógica