Gender-preferential intergenerational patterns in primary education attainment : a quantitative analysis of a case of rural Mindanao, the Philippines

The Philippines has achieved a relatively high standard of education. Previous researches, most of which deal with Luzon Island, have indicated that rural poverty alleviation began partly due to the increased investment in education. However, the suburban areas beyond Luzon Island have rarely been studied. This study examines a case from rural Mindanao, and investigates the determinants and factors associated with children's education, with a special focus on delays in schooling, which may be a cause of dropout and holdover incidences, as well as exploring gender-specific differential patterns. The result shows that after controlling other socioeconomic attributes, (1) delays in schooling, as well as years completed, are more favorable for girls than boys; (2) the level of maternal education is equally associated with the child(ren)’s education level regardless of their gender; and (3) paternal education is preferentially and favorably influential to the same-gender child(ren), i.e., son(s). To reduce the boy-unfriendly gender bias in primary education, this study suggests two future tasks, i.e., providing boy-specific interventions to enhance the magnitude of the father-son educational virtuous circle, and comparing the magnitude of gender-equal maternal education influence and boy-preferential paternal education influence to specify which effect is larger.

Análisis de las medidas agroambientales orientadas a la protección de aves en sistemas extensivos de secano

Las especies de aves ligadas a los sistemas tradicionales agrarios constituyen una de las poblaciones más amenazadas de la comunidad ornitológica europea. El territorio español alberga el 90% de las poblaciones europeas de ocho especies de aves recogidas en el EFBI (European Farmland Bird Index). Las medidas agroambientales en España deben respon- der pues a un importante reto de conservación ambiental que trasciende más allá de nuestras fronteras. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el incentivo a participar y realizar un análisis comparativo de las medidas dirigidas a la protección de las aves esteparias en las comunidades autónomas de Aragón, Castilla La Mancha, Castilla y León, Cataluña y Extremadura. La caracterización y el análisis económico de los requisitos exigidos permite concluir que en la mayoría de las medidas analizadas, los costes más importantes son aquellos relacionados con el coste de oportunidad o lucro cesante. Finalmente, se establecen recomendaciones para incrementar el alcance de las medidas agroambientales en zonas extensivas. PALABRAS CLAVE: Programa agroambiental, sistemas agrarios extensivos, biodiversidad, aves esteparias, análisis de costes. CÓDIGOS JEL:Q57.

Energy-driven subunit rotation at the interface between subunit a and the c oligomer in the FO sector of Escherichia coli ATP synthase

Subunit rotation within the F1 catalytic sector of the ATP synthase has been well documented, identifying the synthase as the smallest known rotary motor. In the membrane-embedded FO sector, it is thought that proton transport occurs at a rotor/stator interface between the oligomeric ring of c subunits (rotor) and the single-copy a subunit (stator). Here we report evidence for an energy-dependent rotation at this interface. FOF1 was expressed with a pair of substituted cysteines positioned to allow an intersubunit disulfide crosslink between subunit a and a c subunit [aN214C/cM65C; Jiang, W. & Fillingame, R. H. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 6607–6612]. Membranes were treated with N,N′-dicyclohexyl-[14C]carbodiimide to radiolabel the D61 residue on less than 20% of the c subunits. After oxidation to form an a–c crosslink, the c subunit properly aligned to crosslink to subunit a was found to contain very little 14C label relative to other members of the c ring. However, exposure to MgATP before oxidation significantly increased the radiolabel in the a–c crosslink, indicating that a different c subunit was now aligned with subunit a. This increase was not induced by exposure to MgADP/Pi. Furthermore, preincubation with MgADP and azide to inhibit F1 or with high concentrations of N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide to label most c subunits prevented the ATP effect. These results provide evidence for an energy-dependent rotation of the c ring relative to subunit a.

Du duche de savoie : etat de ce pays en 1833 accompagne de l'origine de peuple ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Die philosophie der gegenwart in selbstdarstellungen /

2. aufl. verb.

Essai sur la philosophie des religions /

Mode of access: Internet.

Histoire de la langue et de la littérature des Slaves, Russes, Serbes, Bohèmes, Polonais et Lettons, considérées dans leur origine indienne, Leurs anciens monuments, et leur état présent /

Mode of access: Internet.

Histoire de Concile de Trente /

Mode of access: Internet.

Crime in the National Capital : hearings ... Ninety-first Congress, first [and second] session[s].

Pt.5: Hearings before the Public Health, Education, Welfare, and Safety Subcommittee.

Water pollution in the National Capital region : hearings ... Ninety-first Congress, second session.

Hearings held Mar. 25-June 25, 1970.

Election reform in the District of Columbia : hearing ... Ninety-second Congress, first session.

Hearings held Aug. 24 and Oct. 11, 1971.

District of Columbia revenue act of 1975 : hearings, Ninety-fourth Congress, first session.

Hearings held Sept 8-11, 1975.

Information, Wildlife Valuation, Conservation: Experiments and Policy

The authors use experimental surveys to investigate the association between individuals' knowledge of particular wildlife species and their stated willingness to allocate funds to conserve each. The nature of variations in these allocations between species (e.g., their dispersion) as participants' knowledge increases is examined. Factors influencing these changes are suggested. Willingness-to-pay allocations are found not to measure the economic value of species, but are shown to be policy relevant. The results indicate that poorly known species, e.g., in remote areas, may obtain relatively less conservation support than they deserve. (JEL Q51, Q57, Q58)

The microstructure of the Irish stock market

This is the first paper to examine the microstructure of the Irish Stock Market empirically and is motivated by the adoption, on June 7th of Xetra the modern pan European auction trading system. Prior to this the exchange utilized an antiquated floor based system. This change was an important event for the market as a rich literature exists to suggest that the trading system exerts a strong influence over the behavior of security returns. We apply the ICSS algorithm of Inclan and Tiao (1994) to discover whether the change to the trading system caused a shift in unconditional volatility at the time Xetra was introduced. Because the trading mechanism can influence volatility in a number of ways we also estimate the partial adjustment coefficients of the Amihud and Mendelson (1987) model prior and subsequent to the introduction of Xetra. Although we find no evidence of volatility changes associated with the introduction of Xetra we do find evidence of an increase in the speed of adjustment (JEL: G15).