Characterization of the clients retention in the tlecommunications companies

The ability of a company to be able to do a precisely churn prediction, so it can act on it, is paramount. For this reason, Deloitte addressed me the challenge of characterizing the client’s retention in the telecom companies. To do so, it was created a comprehensive tool that enables Deloitte to evaluate the churn management maturity level of a telecom operator and highlight its strengths and weaknesses. The development of this matrix was based on a depth churn research, a market research based on 40 interviews and 2 focus group and the valuable feedback from Deloitte consultants.

Letter - John Ralston Saul to Donald Ziraldo, 2002

A letter from His Excellency John Ralston Saul 2 May, 2002. He comments on the efforts made by Mr. Ziraldo to protect the agricultural land of Niagara. He also discusses the role of Canadian wine in the international market and tourism in the area.

La gouvernance des réseaux de politique publique : le cas du programme VIH en Haïti

Cette thèse concerne la gouvernance des réseaux de politique publique. Elle cherche à mieux comprendre le phénomène par l’analyse des caractéristiques du réseau d’acteurs impliqués, les défis qui se posent relativement au processus de gouverne, et l’influence qui en résulte pour les interventions. Le cadre d’analyse s’appuie essentiellement sur deux théories de la sociologie des organisations, en l’occurrence la théorie de l’acteur stratégique (Crozier et Friedberg 1977), et la théorie des réseaux de politique publique (Rhodes 1997). Il s’agit d’une étude de cas portant sur le programme VIH/Sida en Haïti, celui-ci étant documenté à partir de données d’entretiens, d’observations et de groupes de discussion. Les résultats de la recherche sont structurés en quatre articles. Le premier article rend compte de l’étape préliminaire, mais non moins importante, de la recherche, c’est-à-dire le travail de terrain. Il présente les défis méthodologiques et éthiques inhérents à la rencontre entre chercheur et participants pour la coconstruction des savoirs, notamment dans le contexte de la recherche en santé mondiale. Le deuxième article analyse les caractéristiques du réseau d’acteurs et montre la nécessité de prendre en compte les attributs propres des acteurs en plus de la structure de leurs interactions pour comprendre la gouvernance des réseaux de politique publique. La plupart des analyses, surtout celles s’appuyant sur l’approche réseau, cherchent à comprendre comment la structure des relations entre les acteurs influence la gouverne, le contenu ou les résultats de politiques. Or, dans le cas du programme VIH en Haïti, il apparaît que ce sont en réalité les attributs des acteurs en termes de ressources et de pouvoir, qui orientent leurs interactions avec les autres acteurs. Le troisième article présente un cadre d’analyse et illustre, à partir de celui-ci, l’influence des outils et des structures, ainsi que du contexte sociopolitique et économique sur la gouvernance du programme VIH/Sida en Haïti. Il argumente ensuite sur les défis que cela pose à la coordination des interventions et à la mise en place des relations de partenariat au sein du réseau d’acteurs. Le quatrième article se penche sur l’émergence de besoins nouveaux chez les personnes vivant avec le VIH (PVVIH) et met en lumière la faiblesse des processus de planification à les cibler. Il renouvelle l’intérêt de l’approche participative, notamment dans le contexte des pays en développement, où il devient crucial d’adapter les interventions au contexte local en utilisant le potentiel et les ressources des communautés. L’étude a donc permis de montrer : 1) les liens qui existent entre les attributs des acteurs, la configuration particulière de leurs interactions et le processus de gouverne; 2) les défis qui résultent de l’influence des outils et structures mis en place, ainsi que des facteurs socioéconomiques et politiques sur le processus de gouverne, et enfin; 3) le lien qui existe entre le mode de gouvernance – via la participation - et la prise en compte des besoins émergents des PVVIH.

Télé/visions : les intellectuels canadiens-français et l'avènement de la télévision (1952-1962)

Cette étude s'intéresse à la perception de l'avènement de la télévision (1952-1962) du point de vue des intellectuels canadiens-français. À cette époque, la province du Québec est dirigée par le gouvernement conservateur de l'Union nationale de Maurice Duplessis qui semble indélogeable pendant les années 1950. En même temps, l'Église catholique maintient son contrôle sur la société canadienne-française, plus particulièrement ses idéologies. Dans ce climat, la discordance intellectuelle avec ces deux pouvoirs mène souvent à la marginalité. Pour diverses raisons, la télévision, et plus particulièrement la Société Radio-Canada (SRC), ne sont pas soumises à ces contraintes. Nouveau média, tout doit être crée pour « alimenter le monstre », comme il a été déjà dit. Si l'équivalent anglophone de la SRC peut acheter des émissions sur le marché international, la télévision francophone mondiale est embryonnaire. L'antenne montréalaise de la SRC se retrouve en situation autarcique et doit s'appuyer sur les ressources du Canada français pour créer ses émissions d'actualités et de divertissements. Un déf de taille attend les premiers artisans de la télévision. Dans ce contexte, comment les intellectuels canadiens-français ont-ils perçu l'avènement de la télévision? Cette étude tente d'apporter quelques éléments de réponse en prenant en compte l'idéologie des intellectuels.

Export Development

The main aim of this study is to examine the deficiencies of the export development process and strategy in India and, to suggest, in the light of the findings of the above, measures for improvement. The marine products industry has been chosen as a case for a detailed investigation. The researcher conducts an evaluative study on the export potential for India’s marine products and trends in the international market for marine products. The thesis tries to identify the major hurdles in increasing exports of marine products from India. The evaluation of the adequacy and effectiveness of the measures taken to promote marine products exports is also undertaken

Development of Zero Water Exchange Shrimp Culture System Integrated With Bioremediation of Detritus and Ammonia- Nitrogen

Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food sectors in the world. Amongst the various branches of aquaculture, shrimp culture has expanded rapidly across the globe because of its faster growth rate, short culture period, high export value and demand in the International market. Indian shrimp farming has experienced phenomenal development over the decades due to its excellent commercial viability. Farmers have adopted a number of innovative technologies to improve the production and to maximize the returns per unit area. The culture methods adopted can be classified in to extensive, modified extensive and semi intensive based on the management strategies adopted in terms of pond size, stocking density, feeding and environmental control. In all these systems water exchanges through the natural tidal effects, or pump fed either from creek or from estuaries is a common practice. In all the cases, the systems are prone to epizootics due to the pathogen introduction through the incoming water, either brought by vectors, reservoir hosts, infected tissue debris and free pathogens themselves. In this scenario, measures to prevent the introduction of pathogen have become a necessity to protect the crop from the onslaught of diseases as well as to prevent the discharge of waste water in to the culture environment.The present thesis deals with Standardization of bioremediation technology for zero water exchange shrimp culture system

Median Sets and Median Number of a Graph

A profile is a finite sequence of vertices of a graph. The set of all vertices of the graph which minimises the sum of the distances to the vertices of the profile is the median of the profile. Any subset of the vertex set such that it is the median of some profile is called a median set. The number of median sets of a graph is defined to be the median number of the graph. In this paper, we identify the median sets of various classes of graphs such as Kp − e, Kp,q forP > 2, and wheel graph and so forth. The median numbers of these graphs and hypercubes are found out, and an upper bound for the median number of even cycles is established.We also express the median number of a product graph in terms of the median number of their factors.

Export performancecof Indian spices in the WTO regime: a disaggregated analysis

Export has assumed an important place in the development of any country and considered as the engine of economic growth. India requires huge amount of foreign exchange for its essential import and for achieving rapid growth. Millions of job opportunities have to be created to utilise the youth for nation building. Even though the country has different sources of foreign exchange, export earning is the safe way of obtaining it in the long run. Export of high valued traditional products not only gives foreign exchange, but also employment to large number of people. Spices are the traditional products of India whose production process is highly intensive in semi and unskilled labour, and high domestic and foreign market prices compared to other traditional products. The new world trade scenario with the establishment of WTO has affected India’s spices export considerably. The study examines the export performance of Indian spices in the WTO regime taking the export of major spices from 1985 to 2013 using the growth of export, trend and instability in growth rate, changes in the composition and direction of spices, export performance ratio and the prospects of spices in earning foreign exchange during the WTO period and Pre-WTO period. The analysis reveals that the overall performance of Indian spices exports during the WTO regime are satisfactory. Export volume and value increased much during this period. But the decrease in market share of spices export during the WTO period reflects that, the favourable conditions in the international market are not exploited by India. High Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Value Elasticity (EV) of major spices amidst the low export shares shows that export performance of Indian spices during the WTO regime was not mainly affected by external demand factors as suggested by Ragnar Nurkse in his Demand Deficiency Thesis, but because of internal supply factors as suggested in Supply Deficiency Thesis, (supported by K.S Dhinsha, Dacosta, Goddamwar,etc.). But the fluctuations of export during the recession and prosperity periods show that external demand is also a determinant of Indian spices export. From this one can conclude that both the domestic supply factors and foreign demand factors influence the export performance of Indian spices. The long term performance of Indian spices exports are mainly influenced by domestic supply factors as suggested by Supply Deficiency Thesis and short term performance is mostly influenced by external demand factors as suggested by Demand Deficiency Thesis.

Modell zur Förderung des Wettbewerbs und der Transparenz auf dem Ratingmarkt unter Berücksichtigung der Besonderheiten der deutschen Bankenstruktur

This paper provides a model for the international market of credit ratings in order to promote transparency of rating methodologies and combat the oligopolistic market structure where Standard & Poor‘s, Moody‘s and Fitch Ratings collectively comprise approximately 85 percent of the market. For the German credit market this paper strongly advises the establishment of at least three centralistic credit rating agencies (CRAs), set up and run independently by the large bank institutions – „Großbanken“, „Sparkassen“ and „Genossenschaftsbanken“. By acting as CRAs, universal banks could not only decrease their costs but would also be able to increase competition and transparency. These new credit rating agencies would be subject to the Basel II internal ratings-based (IRB) surveillance standards that go far beyond the Basel II standard approach with its external ratings by the dominating three US-american CRAs. Due to the fact that the new Basle Accord has already been implemented in Europe, this model could be applied all over Europe and possibly even worldwide, assuming the US were to adopt the new capital adequacy rules. This would lead to an increase in the number of CRAs and hence to more competition, as the barriers to entry in the rating industry would not apply to these new institutions because of their expertise in the credit market. The fact that the IRB-criteria already have to be disclosed by law would make the methodologies transparent and subject to approval by national regulators such as the „Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht“ (BaFin) in Germany. Hence the requirement to set up a new monitoring committee in Europe would become obsolete.

The role of ligneous vegetation for livestock nutrition in the sub-Sahelian and Sudanian zones of West Africa: Potential effects of climate change

Climate change and variability in sub-Saharan West Africa is expected to have negative consequences for crop and livestock farming due to the strong dependence of these sectors on rainfall and natural resources, and the low adaptive capacity of crops farmers, agro-pastoralist and pastoralists in the region. The objective of this PhD research was to investigate the anticipated impacts of expected future climate change and variability on nutrition and grazing management of livestock in the prevailing extensive agro-pastoral and pastoral systems of the Sahelian and Sudanian zones of Burkina Faso. To achieve this, three studies were undertaken in selected village territories (100 km² each) in the southern Sahelian (Taffogo), northern Sudanian (Nobere, Safane) and southern Sudanian (Sokouraba) zone of the country during 2009 and 2010. The choice of two villages in the northern Sudanian zone was guided by the dichotomy between intense agricultural land use and high population density near Safane, and lower agricultural land use in the tampon zone between the village of Nobere and the National Park Kaboré Tambi of Pô. Using global positioning and geographical information systems tools, the spatio-temporal variation in the use of grazing areas by cattle, sheep and goats, and in their foraging behaviour in the four villages was assessed by monitoring three herds each per species during a one-year cycle (Chapter 2). Maximum itinerary lengths (km/d) were observed in the hot dry season (March-May); they were longer for sheep (18.8) and cattle (17.4) than for goats (10.5, p<0.05). Daily total grazing time spent on pasture ranged from 6 - 11 h with cattle staying longer on pasture than small ruminants (p<0.05). Feeding time accounted for 52% - 72% of daily time on pasture, irrespective of species. Herds spent longer time on pasture and walked farther distances in the southern Sahelian than the two Sudanian zones (p<0.01), while daily feeding time was longer in the southern Sudanian than in the other two zones (p>0.05). Proportional time spent resting decreased from the rainy (June - October) to the cool (November - February) and hot dry season (p<0.05), while in parallel the proportion of walking time increased. Feeding time of all species was to a significantly high proportion spent on wooded land (tree crown cover 5-10%, or shrub cover >10%) in the southern Sahelian zone, and on forest land (tree crown cover >10%) in the two Sudanian zones, irrespective of season. It is concluded that with the expansion of cropland in the whole region, remaining islands of wooded land, including also fields fallowed for three or more years with their considerable shrub cover, are particularly valuable pasturing areas for ruminant stock. Measures must be taken that counteract the shrinking of wooded land and forests across the whole region, including also active protection and (re)establishment of drought-tolerant fodder trees. Observation of the selection behaviour of the above herds of cattle and small ruminant as far as browse species were concerned, and interviews with 75 of Fulani livestock keepers on use of browse as feed by their ruminant stock and as remedies for animal disease treatment was undertaken (Chapter 3) in order to evaluate the consequence of climate change for the contribution of browse to livestock nutrition and animal health in the extensive grazing-based livestock systems. The results indicated that grazing cattle and small ruminants do make considerable use of browse species on pasture across the studied agro-ecological zones. Goats spent more time (p<0.01) feeding on browse species than sheep and cattle, which spent a low to moderate proportion of their feeding time on browsing in any of the study sites. As far as the agro-ecological zones were concerned, the contribution of browse species to livestock nutrition was more important in the southern Sahelian and northern Sudanian zone than the southern Sudanian zone, and this contribution is higher during the cold and hot dry season than during the rainy season. A total of 75 browse species were selected on pasture year around, whereby cattle strongly preferred Afzelia africana, Pterocarpus erinaceus and Piliostigma sp., while sheep and goats primarily fed on Balanites aegyptiaca, Ziziphus mauritiana and Acacia sp. Crude protein concentration (in DM) of pods or fruits of the most important browse species selected by goats, sheep and cattle ranged from 7% to 13% for pods, and from 10% to 18% for foliage. The concentration of digestible organic matter of preferred browse species mostly ranged from 40% to 60%, and the concentrations of total phenols, condensed tannins and acid detergent lignin were low. Linear regression analyses showed that browse preference on pasture is strongly related to its contents (% of DM) of CP, ADF, NDF and OM digestibility. Interviewed livestock keepers reported that browse species are increasingly use by their grazing animals, while for animal health care use of tree- and shrub-based remedies decreased over the last two decades. It is concluded that due to climate change with expected negative impact on the productivity of the herbaceous layer of communal pastures browse fodder will gain in importance for animal nutrition. Therefore re-establishment and dissemination of locally adapted browse species preferred by ruminants is needed to increase the nutritional situation of ruminant stock in the region and contribute to species diversity and soil fertility restoration in degraded pasture areas. In Chapter 4 a combination of household surveys and participatory research approaches was used in the four villages, and additionally in the village of Zogoré (southern Sahelian zone) and of Karangasso Vigué (northern Sudanian zone) to investigate pastoralists’ (n= 76) and agro-pastoralists’ (n= 83) perception of climate change, and their adaptation strategies in crop and livestock production at farm level. Across the three agro-ecological zones, the majority of the interviewees perceived an increase in maximum day temperatures and decrease of total annual rainfall over the last two decades. Perceptions of change in climate patterns were in line with meteorological data for increased temperatures while for total rainfall farmers’ views contrasted the rainfall records which showed a slight increase of precipitation. According to all interviewees climate change and variability have negative impacts on their crop and animal husbandry, and most of them already adopted some coping and adaptation strategies at farm level to secure their livelihoods and reduce negative impacts on their farming system. Although these strategies are valuable and can help crop and livestock farmers to cope with the recurrent droughts and climate variability, they are not effective against expected extreme climate events. Governmental and non-governmental organisations should develop effective policies and strategies at local, regional and national level to support farmers in their endeavours to cope with climate change phenomena; measures should be site-specific and take into account farmers’ experiences and strategies already in place.

Experimental Markets for Product Concepts

Market prices are well known to efficiently collect and aggregate diverse information regarding the value of commodities and assets. The role of markets has been particularly suitable to pricing financial securities. This article provides an alternative application of the pricing mechanism to marketing research - using pseudo-securities markets to measure preferences over new product concepts. Surveys, focus groups, concept tests and conjoint studies are methods traditionally used to measure individual and aggregate preferences. Unfortunately, these methods can be biased, costly and time-consuming to conduct. The present research is motivated by the desire to efficiently measure preferences and more accurately predict new product success, based on the efficiency and incentive-compatibility of security trading markets. The article describes a novel market research method, pro-vides insight into why the method should work, and compares the results of several trading experiments against other methodologies such as concept testing and conjoint analysis.

Plan de negocio para la comercialización de un producto innovador de cuidado personal en el mercado colombiano

Las relaciones comerciales entre países del mundo han venido aumentando recientemente, mejorando a través de tratados y acuerdos, entre estos países. China ha sido una potencia económica fuerte en sus relaciones comerciales y de negocios establecidos con países del mundo. En lo que a Colombia se refiere, se han venido planteando posibles negociaciones para el logro de acuerdos en un futuro cercano que permitan un intercambio libre de productos y servicios. Aprovechando las relaciones entre estos países surge la idea de un negocio para la importación de un producto chino novedoso orientado al sector de belleza en Colombia. Este producto es un aparato electrotérmico inalámbrico, el cual aun no existe en el mercado colombiano, razón por la cual podría tener una muy buena aceptación por parte de la mujer colombiana, pues es un producto que le permitirá ahorrar tiempo y eliminar la dependencia al uso de una toma corriente para utilizar este aparato electrotérmico. Para evaluar la factibilidad de negocio, se realizo un estudio de mercado del cual se obtuvieron buenos resultados, pues un porcentaje alto aceptaron que comprarían este producto al precio que esta dentro del rango del precio de venta en Colombia. Se estudiaron también las inversiones necesarias para iniciar el negocio y los costos de funcionamiento de este. Se realizo una proyección a cinco años del funcionamiento del negocio, y los resultados de este fueron que la empresa siempre tendrá liquidez para solventarse en el transcurso de estos cinco años. Para realizar la inversión inicial del negocio se requiere capital de los socios y obtención de un crédito por parte de estos. Un crédito que será pagado en su totalidad en el tercer año. Se realizo el cálculo del costo de venta del producto para determinar su precio final el cual, no resultó mayor al promedio de los aparatos electrotérmicos actuales del mercado con el valor agregado que el producto que se pretende importar es inalámbrico. Lo anterior es una ventaja del producto del mercado, junto con la garantía y calidad que se pretende tener en este producto. Dado que el negocio el viable, según lo descrito anteriormente, se investigaron los papeles y costos necesarios en cámara y comercio para la constitución de una empresa.

Plan Exportador Telar Arte y Diseño

Este trabajo de grado se realiza gracias al esfuerzo de La Secretaría de Desarrollo Económico, Maloka, CIDEM, Universidad del Rosario y de la coordinadora al colaborar y participar con el aprendizaje y desarrollo de las PYMES colombianas, con el objetivo de mejorar los procesos internos de la empresa en sus diferentes departamentos y así poder penetrar exitosamente en el mercado internacional con el fin de aumentar ser más competitivos no solo en el mercado interno si no también en el externo. Este proyecto se dividió en cinco etapas: Inteligencia de Mercados, Costos, Logística, Comercialización y Plan Exportador que sirvieron como base para la estrategia a seguir en el proceso de penetración de mercados internacionales. En consecuencia se realizó un diagnóstico de la empresa de Telar Arte y Diseño. En conclusión se identificaron tres mercados potenciales Costa Rica, Estados Unidos y España.

Aplicación y desarrollo modelo de internacionalización : Jushi Design Limitada

El estudio de caso a desarrollar va a comprender la viabilidad de exportación de una empresa Colombiana llamada Jushi Design Limitada, la cual lleva 35 años en el mercado Colombiano con un gran reconocimiento en sus clientes y en el mercado mismo. Los casos de internacionalización de las empresa son hoy en día muy bien visto y de gran ejecución en las empresas colombianas debido al entorno en cual estamos viviendo, después de la apertura económica en el país las empresas se han puesto en la tarea de abrir sus mercados a otros países, como de igual manera importar productos de otros países, generando un comercio mucho más libre, sin fronteras u obstáculos. La globalización ha generado el intercambio de muchos productos ayudando al desarrollo de los países. Hoy en día el consumidor tiene la oportunidad de poder encontrar gran variedad de un solo producto en el mercado teniendo la posibilidad de elegir a sus necesidades la mejor opción. La ropa de moda femenina es un artículo en el cual las mujeres están muy al tanto de lo que sale y se comercializa sin olvidar las últimas tendencias y prendas que están a la moda. Es por esto que una empresa como Jushi Design Limitada con mucho tiempo en el mercado nacional está interesada en el desarrollo del plan exportador, así mismo el estar posesionado en las principales ciudades del país colombiano es de gran ayuda para el desarrollo de los objetivos planteados ya que se a preocupado por expandirse en el territorio nacional con sus prendas de últimas tendencias y gustos en las mujeres. No solo se realizara un estudio de viabilidad de exportación hacia la empresa Jushi Design Limitada si no también se buscara fortalezas y debilidades de la organización con el fin de poder contribuirle de alguna forma a la empresa sus problemas en los cuales frecuentan internamente y externamente. De esta forma entenderán cual es la salida a las diferentes debilidades que frecuentan dado el caso que las tengan. Es importante dar entender que por más que una empresa este en las mejores condiciones y posicionamiento en el mercado hay ciertas variables de las cuales toda empresa depende para el gran éxito y perdurabilidad en el tiempo, como lo son los aspectos políticos, sociales, económicos culturales entre otros. Todos estos son de gran fundamento para la consecución de los objetivos, buscar un país que cumpla con todas estas expectativas es muy importante para poder conseguir los objetivos planteados. Sin embargo nos basaremos en el aspecto comercial de Colombia frente al otro país ya que en este caso sería el primordial para encontrar el país indicado a realizar el estudio. Se realizara el diagnostico e investigación de mercados, con el fin de determinar tanto la situación de la empresa como la viabilidad en la que se encuentra, para la obtención del planteamiento del problema. Se buscara penetrar otros mercados con las diferentes colecciones que Jushi Design Limitada obtiene en el ano, de esta forma mostrara las últimas tendencias de la moda femeninas y sus diferentes y nuevos diseños en el mercado exterior. Las colecciones estarán fundamentas de acuerdo a la ocasión, clima y gusto de la persona, teniendo en cuenta aspectos como clima, moda, y ocasión en el cual este último está fundamentado mediante la época o momento en el cual está viviendo el cliente siendo en este caso la mujer.

Plan exportador piña perolera

Teniendo en cuenta las características del mercado europeo en el cual se va a incursionar, se desarrolló un plan exportador donde el producto a comercializar es la piña perolera, una fruta que se cultiva de manera óptima dentro del territorio colombiano teniendo como departamento Santander el cual concentra el 100% de su producción al cultivo y cosecha de esta fruta. Como primera fase para la elaboración de este trabajo, se realizó el estudio y la recopilación de información de la parte técnica de la piña perolera. La segunda fase consta del estudio de la piña en el mundo y su posicionamiento. La fase tres se basa en el estudio de mercados para Alemania, Bélgica y Holanda, encontrando como país objetivo este último. La cuarta fase, es el estudio logístico para determinar los tiempos de producción, empaque y transporte de la fruta. La quinta y última fase es el análisis financiero para evidenciar la viabilidad del proyecto y su finalidad. El alcance que tiene este plan exportador es una de las principales conclusiones que arroja el proyecto, de igual manera para su debida consecución es necesario tener estrategias claras para que los planes propuestos tengan la funcionalidad y finalidad deseada.