Changes in the enterocyte cytoskeleton in newborn rats exposed to ethanol in utero

BACKGROUND: Cytoskeletal changes after longterm exposure to ethanol have been described in a number of cell types in adult rat and humans. These changes can play a key part in the impairment of nutrient assimilation and postnatal growth retardation after prenatal damage of the intestinal epithelium produced by ethanol intake. AIMS: To determine, in the newborn rat, which cytoskeletal proteins are affected by longterm ethanol exposure in utero and to what extent. ANIMALS: The offspring of two experimental groups of female Wistar rats: ethanol treated group receiving up to 25% (w/v) of ethanol in the drinking fluid and control group receiving water as drinking fluid. METHODS: Single and double electron microscopy immunolocalisation and label density estimation of cytoskeletal proteins on sections of proximal small intestine incubated with monoclonal antibodies against actin, alpha-tubulin, cytokeratin (polypeptides 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, and 18), and with a polyclonal antibody anti-beta 1,4-galactosyl transferase as trans golgi (TG) or trans golgi network (TGN) marker, or both. SDS-PAGE technique was also performed on cytoskeletal enriched fractions from small intestine. Western blotting analysis was carried out by incubation with the same antibodies used for immunolocalisation. RESULTS: Intestinal epithelium of newborn rats from the ethanol treated group showed an overexpression of cytoskeletal polypeptides ranging from 39 to 54 kDa, affecting actin and some cytokeratins, but not tubulin. Furthermore, a cytokeratin related polypeptide of 28-29 kDa was identified together with an increase in free ubiquitin in the same group. It was noteworthy that actin and cytokeratin were abnormally located in the TG or the TGN, or both. CONCLUSIONS: Longterm exposure to ethanol in utero causes severe dysfunction in the cytoskeleton of the developing intestinal epithelium. Actin and cytokeratins, which are involved in cytoskeleton anchoring to plasma membrane and cell adhesion, are particularly affected, showing overexpression, impaired proteolysis, and mislocalisation.

FY10 Biodiesel Fuel Revolving Fund Expenditures Report

The Seventy-ninth General Assembly of the State of Iowa, 2001 Regular Session passed Senate File 465, which was signed by the governor April 19, 2001. This act created the biodiesel fuel revolving fund (Fund) to be used to purchase biodiesel for use in the Iowa Department of Transportation’s (DOT) vehicles.

Flexible fuel vehicle registration report, February 1, 2011

Iowa Code section 452A.33(3) requires by Feb. 1 of each year the Iowa Department of transportation shall deliver a report to the governor and legislative services agency regarding flexible fuel vehicles registered in Iowa.

Report on a review of the Fuel Inspection Program administered by the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship for the period July 1, 2005 through June 30, 2009

Report on a review of the Fuel Inspection Program administered by the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship for the period July 1, 2005 through June 30, 2009

Fuel Adjustment, April 2011

Article 2120 of the Standard Specifications for Highway and Bridge Construction Series 2009 provides for a fuel adjustment factor to be applied to payments and partial payments for quantities of certain items of excavation work as the work is done, in accordance with the specification, when indicated in the contract documents. A Current Price Index (CPI), in dollars per gallon (liter), will be established by the DOT for each month. The CPI will be the price of No. 2 High Sulfur Diesel, as reported by Oil Price Information Service using the first weekday for the month and the average of all prices reported for Des Moines. The Base Price Index (BPI) for each contract will be the CPI in effect during the month previous to the month of the letting of that contract. If the contract has metric units, divide the Price Index ($/gal) by 3.785412 to obtain $/liter.

Fuel Adjustment, May 2011

Article 2120 of the Standard Specifications for Highway and Bridge Construction Series 2009 provides for a fuel adjustment factor to be applied to payments and partial payments for quantities of certain items of excavation work as the work is done, in accordance with the specification, when indicated in the contract documents. A Current Price Index (CPI), in dollars per gallon (liter), will be established by the DOT for each month. The CPI will be the price of No. 2 High Sulfur Diesel, as reported by Oil Price Information Service using the first weekday for the month and the average of all prices reported for Des Moines. The Base Price Index (BPI) for each contract will be the CPI in effect during the month previous to the month of the letting of that contract. If the contract has metric units, divide the Price Index ($/gal) by 3.785412 to obtain $/liter.

2010 Retailers Motor Fuel Gallons Annual Report, April 2011

The Department identified 2,706 potential retail locations at which motor fuel may be sold. Reporting forms were mailed to 1,675 locations identified using Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship motor fuel license information and to 305 locations identified through the Department of Revenue motor fuel tax database. In addition, 726 locations were identified for four large motor fuel retailers that submitted their annual sales data electronically. The Department received either forms or electronic files representing 2,324 (85.9%) of the locations. Replies for 115 of the locations indicated that no retail sales of any type of motor fuel were made during 2010. 2,209 locations reported retail motor fuel sales. This report’s primary focus is on biofuel sales. Of the reporting retail locations, 2,075 (93.9%) reported selling E10 blend motor fuel, 165 (7.5%) reported selling the E85 blend motor fuel, and 239 (10.8%) reported selling various blends of biodiesel.

Iowa Motor Fuel Tax Monthly Reports, April 2011

The monthly fuel tax report from Iowa Department of Transportation to the Iowa Department of Revenue and Finance.

Iowa Motor Fuel Tax Monthly Reports, June 2011

The monthly fuel tax report from Iowa Department of Transportation to the Iowa Department of Revenue and Finance.

Iowa Motor Fuel Tax Monthly Reports, July 2011

The monthly fuel tax report from Iowa Department of Transportation to the Iowa Department of Revenue and Finance.

Iowa Motor Fuel Tax Monthly Reports, October 2010

The monthly fuel tax report from Iowa Department of Transportation to the Iowa Department of Revenue and Finance.

Iowa Motor Fuel Tax Monthly Reports, November 2010

The monthly fuel tax report from Iowa Department of Transportation to the Iowa Department of Revenue and Finance.

Iowa Motor Fuel Tax Monthly Reports, January 2011

The monthly fuel tax report from Iowa Department of Transportation to the Iowa Department of Revenue and Finance.

Iowa Motor Fuel Tax Monthly Reports, February 2011

The monthly fuel tax report from Iowa Department of Transportation to the Iowa Department of Revenue and Finance.