904 resultados para Gamification,User experience,Tecnologie Web,Mobile devices,Web app,Beni culturali,Casa Bufalini


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Esta tesis doctoral está enmarcada en dos diferentes pero complementarias áreas de investigación: las redes de Publicación/Subscripción y los servicios móviles distribuidos. Con el paso de los años las redes de Publicación/Subscripción han ido ofreciendo el soporte de comunicaciones desacopladas y ligeras que a su vez, han mejorado la distribución de la información en muchos escenarios de aplicación como lo son la ejecución de servicios distribuidos en entornos fijos. Los servicios móviles distribuidos han de ser desplegados en ambientes inalámbricos en donde los dispositivos móviles deben confiar en las mismas características que las redes de Publicación/Subscripción han estado ofreciendo a sus contrapartes fijos. En este contexto, una de las líneas de investigación pendientes consiste en cómo tomar ventaja de estas características, y cómo avanzar hacia nuevas soluciones no existentes con el fin de mejorar la integración entre los dispositivos fijos y móviles, y la ejecución de los servicios móviles distribuidos. En esta tesis doctoral se pretende avanzar en los mecanismos de integración y coordinación de los servicios móviles distribuidos en el contexto de las redes de Publicación/Subscripción. Los objetivos específicos de esta disertación están enfocados en lograr la integración de los sistemas de Publicación/Suscripción fijos y móviles, y la pro-visión de una versión de red de Publicación/Subscripción específica y uniforme que cuente con mecanismos de coordinación que mejoren la ejecución de los servicios móviles distribuidos. Los resultados de esta tesis doctoral están enmarcados en una versión específica de una red de Publicación/Subscripción que integra brokers fijos y móviles, y permite una coordinación totalmente desacoplada y mejorada entre dispositivos móviles que ejecutan fragmentos de servicios. Las contribuciones específicas son las siguientes: una nueva arquitectura de broker móvil que he llamado Rendezvous Mobile broker, un modelo abstracto de servicios móviles distribuidos coordinados sobre una red de Publicación/Subscripción, mejoras en los mecanismos de enrutamiento epidémicos para diseminar eventos de control producidos por fragmentos de servicios, una solución para soportar servicios altamente fragmentados y geográficamente dispersos, y finalmente una solución de interconexión entre dos dominios de red basados en Publicación/Subscripción: una red basada en el protocolo PubSubHubbub y otro en una red basada en el Publish/Subscribe Internet Routing Paradigm (PSIRP). Los experimentos llevados a cabo confirman que la versión específica de red de Pu-blicación/Subscripción propuesta incrementa el rendimiento de la red en términos de tiempo de espera entre nodos finales, permite una coordinación de los servicios móviles distribuidos más resistente a interrupciones y un mejor uso de los recursos de red, y finalmente logra exitosamente, con variaciones mínimas en el rendimiento de las comunicaciones, la interconexión entre estos dominios de Publicación/Subscripción diferentes. ABSTRACT This dissertation is made up of two different but complementary research areas: Publish/Subscribe networks and mobile distributed services. Over the years, Publish/Subscribe networks have been offering the lightweight and decoupled communication characteristics to improve the information distribution in several application domains such as the execution of distributed services. Mobile distributed services are set to be deployed in wireless environments where mobile devices must rely on the same features Publish/Subscribe networks can offer; so one of the pending research directions consists of how to take advantage of these features and further advance to-wards new un-existing solutions that enhance the integration between mobile and fixed systems and the execution of mobile distributed services. This dissertation seeks to advance the integration and coordination mechanisms of mobile distributed services in the context of Publish/Subscribe networks. The specific objectives aim to enable the integration of mobile and fixed Publish/Subscribe systems and provide a uniform and specific version of a Publish/Subscribe network with new coordination mechanisms that improve the execution of mobile distributed services. The results of this dissertation are enclosed in one specific version of a Publish/Subscribe network that integrates mobile and fixed brokers and coordinates the execution of mobile distributed services. These specific contributions are: a new architecture of a mobile broker I called Rendezvous Mobile Broker, an abstract model for coordinating mobile distributed services executions using a Publish/Subscribe net-work, new gossip routing solutions to disseminate events of services, mechanisms to support highly partitioned and geographically dispersed services and finally, an inter-networking solution between two Publish/Subscribe domains: a PubSubHubbub-based network and the Publish/Subscribe Internet Routing Paradigm (PSIRP)-based network. The experimental efforts confirm that the specific version of the Publish/Subscribe proposed in this dissertation improves the performance of the overall network in terms of end-to-end delay, enables a more resilience execution of mobile distributed services, a better usage of the existing network resources, and finally successfully achieves, with minor variations in the network performance, the internetworking between two different Publish/Subscribe domains.

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With the advancement of Information and Communication Technology ICT which favors increasingly fast, easy, and accessible communication for all and which can reach large groups of people, there have been changes, in recent years in our society that have modified the way we interact, communicate and transmit information. Access to this, it is possible, not only through computers situated in a fixed location, but new mobile devices make it available, wherever the user happens to be located. Now, information "travels" with the user. These forms of communication, transmission and access to information, have also affected the way to conceive and manage business. To these new forms of business that the Internet has brought, is now added the concept of companies in the Cloud Computing ClC. The ClC technology is based on the supply and consumption of services on demand and pay per use, and it gives a 180 degree turn to the business management concept. Small and large businesses may use the latest developments in ICT, to manage their organizations without the need for expensive investments in them. This will enable enterprises to focus more specifically within the scope of their business, leaving the ICT control to the experts. We believe that education can also and should benefit from these new philosophies. ?Due to the global economic crisis in general and each country in particular, economic cutbacks have come to most universities. These are seen in the need to raise tuition rates, which makes increasingly fewer students have the opportunity to pursue higher education?. In this paper we propose using ClC technologies in universities and we make a dissertation on the advantages that it can provide to both: universities and students. For the universities, we expose two focuses, one: ?to reorganize university ICT structures with the ClC philosophy? and the other one, ?to extend the offer of the university education with education on demand?. Regarding the former we propose to use public or private Clouds, to reuse resources across the education community, to save costs on infrastructure investment, in upgrades and in maintenance of ICT, and paying only for what you use and with the ability to scale according to needs. Regarding the latter, we propose an educational model in the ClC, to increase the current university offerings, using educational units in the form of low-cost services and where students pay only for the units consumed on demand. For the students, they could study at any university in the world (virtually), from anywhere, without travel costs: money and time, and what is most important paying only for what they consume. We think that this proposal of education on demand may represent a great change in the current educational model, because strict registration deadlines disappear, and also the problem of economically disadvantaged students, who will not have to raise large amounts of money for an annual tuition. Also it will decrease the problem of loss of the money invested in an enrollment when the student dropout. In summary we think that this proposal is interesting for both, universities and students, we aim for "Higher education from anywhere, with access from any mobile device, at any time, without requiring large investments for students, and with reuse and optimization of resources by universities. Cost by consumption and consumption by service?. We argue for a Universal University "wisdom and knowledge accessible to all?

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Applications based on Wireless Sensor Networks for Internet of Things scenarios are on the rise. The multiple possibilities they offer have spread towards previously hard to imagine fields, like e-health or human physiological monitoring. An application has been developed for its usage in scenarios where data collection is applied to smart spaces, aiming at its usage in fire fighting and sports. This application has been tested in a gymnasium with real, non-simulated nodes and devices. A Graphic User Interface has been implemented to suggest a series of exercises to improve a sportsman/woman s condition, depending on the context and their profile. This system can be adapted to a wide variety of e-health applications with minimum changes, and the user will interact using different devices, like smart phones, smart watches and/or tablets.

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Este documento es una guía para el desarrollo de una aplicación para dispositivos móviles en Android. Dicha aplicación combina las técnicas de visión por computador para calibrar la cámara del dispositivo y localizar un elemento en el espacio en base a esos los parámetros calculados en la calibración. El diseño de la aplicación incluye las decisiones sobre la forma en que se reciben los inputs de la aplicación, que patrones se utilizan en la calibración y en la localización y como se muestran los resultados finales al usuario. También incluye un diagrama de flujo de información que representa el tránsito de esta entre los diferentes módulos. La implementación comienza con la configuración de un entorno para desarrollar aplicaciones con parte nativa en Android, después comenta el código de la aplicación paso por paso incluyendo comentarios sobre los archivos adicionales necesarios para la compilación y finalmente detalla los archivos dedicados a la interfaz. Los experimentos incluyen una breve descripción sobre cómo interpretar los resultados seguidos de una serie de imágenes tomadas de la aplicación con diferentes localizaciones del patrón. En la entrega se incluye también un video. En el capítulo de resultados y conclusiones podemos encontrar observaciones sobre el desarrollo de la práctica, opiniones sobre su utilidad, y posibles mejoras.---ABSTRACT---This document is a guide that describes the development of and application for mobile devices in Android OS. The application combines computer vision techniques to calibrate the device camera and locate an element in the real world based on the parameters of the calibration The design of the application includes the decisions over the way that the application receives its input data, the patterns used in the calibration and localization and how the results are shown to the user. It also includes a flow chart that describes how the information travels along the application modules. The development begins with the steps necessary to configure the environment to develop native Android applications, then it explains the code step by step, including commentaries on the additional files necessary to build the application and details the files of the user interface. The experiments chapter explains the way the results are shown in the experiments before showing samples of different pattern localizations. There is also a video attached. In the conclusions chapter we can find observations on the development of the TFG, opinions about its usefulness, and possibilities of improvement in the future.

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En esta Tesis se plantea una nueva forma de entender la evacuación apoyándonos en tecnologías existentes y accesibles que nos permitirán ver este proceso como un ente dinámico. Se trata de una metodología que implica no solo el uso de herramientas de análisis que permitan la definición de planes de evacuación en tiempo real, sino que también se apunta hacia la creación de una infraestructura física que permita alimentar con información actualizada al sistema de forma que, según la situación y la evolución de la emergencia, sea posible realizar planes alternativos que se adapten a las nuevas circunstancias. En base a esto, el sistema asimilará toda esa información y aportará soluciones que faciliten la toma de decisiones durante toda la evolución del incidente. Las aportaciones originales de esta Tesis son múltiples y muy variadas, pudiéndolas resumir en los siguientes puntos: 1. Estudio completo del estado del arte: a. Detección y análisis de diferentes proyectos a nivel internacional que de forma parcial tratan algunos aspectos desarrollados en la Tesis. b. Completo estudio a nivel mundial del software desarrollado total o parcialmente para la simulación del comportamiento humano y análisis de procesos de evacuación. Se ha generado una base de datos que cataloga de forma exhaustiva estas aplicaciones, permitiendo realizar un completo análisis y posibilitando la evolución futura de los contenidos de la misma. En la tesis se han analizado casi un centenar de desarrollos, pero el objetivo es seguir completando esta base de datos debido a la gran utilidad y a las importantes posibilidades que ofrece. 2. Desarrollo de un importante capítulo que trata sobre la posibilidad de utilizar entornos virtuales como alternativa intermedia al uso de simuladores y simulacros. En esta sección se divide en dos bloques: a. Ensayos en entornos reales y virtuales. b. Ensayos en entornos virtuales (pruebas realizadas con varios entornos virtuales). 3. Desarrollo de e-Flow net design: paquete de herramientas desarrolladas sobre Rhinoceros para el diseño de la red de evacuación basada en los elementos definidos en la tesis: Nodes, paths, Relations y Areas. 4. Desarrollo de e-Flow Simulator: Conjunto de herramientas que transforman Rhinoceros en un simulador 3D de comportamiento humano. Este simulador, de desarrollo propio, incorpora un novedoso algoritmo de comportamiento a nivel de individuo que incluye aspectos que no se han encontrado en otros simuladores. Esta herramienta permite realizar simulaciones programadas de grupos de individuos cuyo comportamiento se basa en el análisis del entorno y en la presencia de referencias dinámicas. Incluye otras importantes novedades como por ejemplo: herramientas para análisis de la señalización, elementos de señalización dinámica, incorporación sencilla de obstáculos, etc. También se ha creado una herramienta que posibilita la implementación del movimiento del propio escenario simulando la oscilación del mismo, con objeto de reflejar la influencia del movimiento del buque en el desplazamiento de los individuos. 5. En una fase avanzada del desarrollo, se incorporó la posibilidad de generar un vídeo de toda la simulación, momento a partir del cual, se han documentado todas las pruebas (y se continúan documentando) en una base de datos que recoge todas las características de las simulaciones, los problemas detectados, etc. Estas pruebas constituyen, en el momento en que se ha cerrado la redacción de la Tesis, un total de 81 GB de datos. Generación y análisis de rutas en base a la red de evacuación creada con e-Flow Net design y las simulaciones realizadas con e-Flow Net simulator. a. Análisis para la optimización de la configuración de la red en base a los nodos por área existentes. b. Definición de procesos previos al cálculo de rutas posibles. c. Cálculo de rutas: i. Análisis de los diferentes algoritmos que existen en la actualidad para la optimización de rutas. ii. Desarrollo de una nueva familia de algoritmos que he denominado “Minimum Decision Algorithm (MDA)”, siendo los algoritmos que componen esta familia: 1. MDA básico. 2. MDA mínimo. 3. MDA de no interferencia espacial. 4. MDA de expansión. 5. MDA de expansión ordenada para un único origen. 6. MDA de expansión ordenada. iii. Todos estos algoritmos se han implementado en la aplicación e-Flow creada en la Tesis para el análisis de rutas y que constituye el núcleo del Sistema de Ayuda al Capitán. d. Determinación de las alternativas para el plan de evacuación. Tras la definición de las rutas posibles, se describen diferentes procesos existentes de análisis por ponderación en base a criterios, para pasar finalmente a definir el método de desarrollo propio propuesto en esta Tesis y cuyo objetivo es responder en base a la población de rutas posibles obtenidas mediante los algoritmos MDA, qué combinación de rutas constituyen el Plan o Planes más adecuados para cada situación. La metodología creada para la selección de combinaciones de rutas que determinan un Plan completo, se basa en cuatro criterios básicos que tras su aplicación ofrecen las mejores alternativas. En esta fase también se incluye un complejo análisis de evolución temporal que incorpora novedosas definiciones y formulaciones. e. Derivado de la definición de la metodología creada en esta Tesis para la realización de los análisis de evolución temporal, se ha podido definir un nuevo teorema matemático que se ha bautizado como “Familia de cuadriláteros de área constante”. 7. Especificación de la infraestructura física del Sistema de Ayuda al Capitán: parte fundamental de sistema es la infraestructura física sobre la que se sustentaría. Esta infraestructura estaría compuesta por sensores, actuadores, aplicaciones para dispositivos móviles, etc. En este capítulo se analizan los diferentes elementos que la constituirían y las tecnologías implicadas. 8. Especificación de la infraestructura de servicios. 9. Creación del Blog Virtual Environments (http://epcinnova-virtualenvironments.blogspot.com.es/) en el que se han publicado todas las pruebas realizadas en el capítulo que analiza los entornos virtuales como alternativa a los simuladores y a los ensayos en laboratorio o los simulacros, incluyendo en muchos casos la posibilidad de que el visitante del blog pueda realizar la simulación en el entorno virtual. Este blog también incluye otras secciones que se han trabajado durante la Tesis: • Recopilación de diferentes entornos virtuales existentes. • Diagrama que recopila información sobre accidentes tanto en el ámbito marítimo como en el terrestre (en desarrollo). • Esquema propuesto para el acopio de información obtenida a partir de un simulacro. 10. Esta Tesis es la base para el proyecto e-Flow (nombre de una de las aplicaciones que desarrolladas en esta obra), un proyecto en el que el autor de esta Tesis ha trabajado como Project Manager. En el proyecto participa un consorcio de empresas y la UPM, y tiene como objetivo trasladar a la realidad gran parte de los planteamientos e ideas presentadas en esta Tesis. Este proyecto incluye el desarrollo de la infraestructura física y de servicios que permitirán, entre otras cosas, implementar en infraestructuras complejas una plataforma que posibilita la evacuación dinámica y un control ubicuo de los sistemas de monitorización y actuación implementados. En estos momentos se está finalizando el proyecto, cuyo objetivo final es la implementación de un piloto en un Hospital. También destacamos los siguientes avances a nivel de difusión científico-tecnológico: • Ponencia en el “52 congreso de la Ingeniería Naval en España” presentando un artículo “e-Flow- Sistema integral inteligente de soporte a la evacuación”. En este artículo se trata tanto el proyecto e-Flow del que soy Project Manager, como esta Tesis Doctoral, al ser temas estrechamente vinculados. En 2014 se publicó en dos números de la Revista Ingeniería Naval el artículo presentado a estas jornadas. • Co-autor en el artículo “E-Flow: A communication system for user notification in dynamic evacuation scenarios” presentado en el 7th International Conference on Ubicuous Computing & Ambient Intelligence (UCAMI) celebrado en Costa Rica. Por último, una de las aportaciones más interesantes, es la definición de un gran número de líneas de investigación futuras en base a todos los avances realizados en esta Tesis. ABSTRACT With this Thesis a new approach for understanding evacuation process is considered, taking advantage of the existing and open technologies that will allow this process to be interpreted as a dynamic entity. The methodology involves not only tools that allows on.-time evacuation plans, but also creates a physical insfrastructure that makes possible to feed the system with information on real time so, considering in each moment the real situation as well as the specific emergency development it will be feasible to generate alternative plans that responds to the current emergency situation. In this respect, the system will store all this information and will feedback with solutions that will help the decision making along the evacuation process. The innovative and singular contributions of this Thesis are numerous and rich, summarised as follows: 1.- Complete state-of-art study: a. Detection and analysis of different projects on an international level that, although partially, deal with some aspects developed in this Thesis. b. Thorough study at a international level of the developed software - total or partially done - for the simulation of the human behaviour and evacuation processes analysis. A database has been generated that classifies in detail these applications allowing to perform a full analysis and leading to future evolution of its contents. Within the Thesis work, almost a hundred of developments have been analysed but the purpose is to keep up updating this database due to the broad applications and possibilities that it involves. 2. Development of an important chapter that studies the possibility of using virtual scenarios as mid-term alternative for the use of simulations. This section is divided in two blocks: a. Trials in virtual and real scenarios b. Trials in virutal scenarios (trials performed with several ones). 3. E-Flow net design development: Set of tools developed under Rhinoceros for the evacuation net design based on the elements defined in the Thesis: Nodes, Paths, Relations, Areas 4. E-Flow simulator development: Set of tools that uses Rhinoceros as a 3D simulator of human behaviour. This simulator, of my own design, includes a new and original algorithm of human behaviour that involves aspects that are not found in other simulators. This tool allows to perform groups programmed simulations which behaviour is based on their enviroment analysis and presence of dynamic references. It includes other important innovations as for example: tools for signals analysis, dynamic signal elements, easy obstacle adding etc... More over, a tool that allows the own scenario movement implementation has been created by simulating the own oscillation movement, with the purpose of playing the vessel movement's influences in the individuals' displacements. 5. In an advanced stage of the development, the possibility of generating a video recording of all the simulation was also integrated, then from that moment all tests have been filed (and keep on doing so) in a database that collects all simulation characteristics, failures detected, etc. These stored tests amounts to a total of 81 GB at the moment of finishing the Thesis work. Generation and analysis of paths regarding the evacuation net created with E-Flow design and the simulations performed with E-Flow net Simulator. a. Analysis for the optimisation of the network configuration based in the existing nodes per area. b. Definition of the processes previous to the calculation of the feasible paths c. Paths calculation: i. Analysis of the different algorithms on existance nowadays for the routes optimisation. ii. Development of a new family of algorithms that I have called “Minimum Decision Algorithm (MDA)”, being composed of: 1. MDA basic 2. MDA minimum 3. MDA of not spacial interference 4. MDA of expansion (es de extenderse) o enlargement ( es de crecimiento) 5. MDA of organised expansion for a single origin (of organised enlargement for a single origin) 6. MDA of organised expansion (of organised enlargement) iii. All these algorithms have been implemented in the E-Flow application created in the Thesis dfor the routes analysis and it is the core of the Captain's support system. d. Determination of the alternatives for the evacuation plan. After defining all possible paths, different processes of analysis existing for weighing-based criteria are described, thus to end defining the own development method proposed in this Thesis and that aims to respond in an agreggation of possible routes basis obtained by means of the MDA algorithms what is the routes' combination more suitable for the Plan or Plans in every situation. The methodology created fot the selection of the combinations of routes that determine a complete Plan is baesd in four basic criteria that after applying, offer the best alternatives. In this stage a complex analysis of the progress along time is also included, that adds original and innovative defintions and formulations. e. Originated from the methodology created in this Thesis for the perfoming of the analysy of the progress along time, a new mathematic theorem has been defined, that has been called as "Family of quadrilateral of constant area". 7. Specification of the physiscal infrastructure of the Captain's help system: essential part is this physical infrastructure that will support it. This system will be made of sensors, actuators, apps for mobile devices etc... Within this chapter the different elements and technologies that make up this infrastructure will be studied. 8. Specification for the services infrastructure. 9. Start up of the Blog. " Virtual Environments (http://epcinnova-virtualenvironments.blogspot.com.es/)" in which all tests performed have been published in terms of analysis of the virtual enviroments as alternative to the simulators as well as to the laboratory experiments or simulations, including in most of the cases the possibility that the visitor can perform the simulation within the virtual enviroment. This blog also includes other sections that have been worked along and within this Thesis: - Collection of different virtual scenarios existent. - Schema that gathers information concerning accidents for maritime and terrestrial areas (under development) - Schema proposed for the collecting of information obtained from a simulation. 10. This Thesis is the basis of the E-Flow project (name of one of the applications developed in this work), a project in which the Thesis' author has worked in as Project Manager. In the project takes part a consortium of firms as well as the UPM and the aim is to bring to real life most part of the approaches and ideas contained in this Thesis. This project includes the development of the physical infrastructure as well as the services that will allow, among others, implement in complex infrastrucutres a platform that will make possible a dynamic evacuation and a continuous control of the monitoring and acting systems implemented. At the moment the project is getting to an end which goal is the implementation of a pilot project in a Hospital. We also would like to highlight the following advances concerning the scientific-technology divulgation: • Talk in the " 52th Congress of the Naval Engineering in Spain" with the article "E-Flow . Intelligent system integrated for supporting evacuation". This paper is about project E-Flow which I am Project Manager of, as well as this Thesis for the Doctorate, being both closely related. Two papers published In 2014 in the Naval Engineering Magazine. • Co-author in the article “E-Flow: A communication system for user notification in dynamic evacuation scenarios” [17] introduced in the 7th International Conference on Ubicuous Computing & Ambient Intelligence (UCAMI) held in Costa Rica. Last, but not least, one of the more interesting contributions is the defintion of several lines of research in the future, based on the advances made in this Thesis.

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Las personas con discapacidad a menudo se encuentran con problemas de acceso a las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), debido a diseños y desarrollos que no tienen en cuenta sus diferencias funcionales, y en consecuencia se encuentran en riesgo de exclusión social. Cada vez es más común encontrar productos de apoyo que permitan utilizar diferentes tecnologías (ordenadores, Internet, dispositivos móviles), pero muchos de ellos no se encuentran integrados debido a que funcionan esencialmente modificando la plataforma donde están instalados, siendo soluciones de acceso de segunda generación. Más allá del desarrollo de los productos de apoyo, que sin duda ha evolucionado positivamente en los últimos años, cabe resaltar que existe una falta de herramientas y de aproximación holística que ayuden a los desarrolladores y diseñadores hacer las TIC accesibles. Esta tesis doctoral pretende validar la hipótesis de que una metodología holística de desarrollo de aplicaciones y productos de apoyo TIC, llamada Marco Abierto Accesible, facilita el desarrollo y la integración de modo nativo de la accesibilidad en las aplicaciones y productos apoyo, independientemente de la tecnología utilizada, dando lugar a soluciones de acceso de tercera generación que permitan mejorar la utilización de dichas aplicaciones por parte de personas con discapacidad. Este trabajo se ha desarrollado en el marco del proyecto AEGIS (del inglés, open Accessibility Everywhere: Groundwork, Infrastructure, Standards), que fue parcialmente financiado por la Comisión Europea (CE) bajo el VII Programa Marco y tuvo una duración de cuatro años. La metodología para el diseño, desarrollo y validación seguida en esta tesis es una adaptación de dos metodologías de diseño existentes (el Diseño Centrado en el Usuario y el Diseño Orientado a Metas), la implementación del Marco Abierto Accesible y el uso de diferentes técnicas de validación. Además se ha desarrollado un marco metodológico de entrenamiento para minimizar el efecto que tiene la curva de aprendizaje cuando los usuarios prueban por primera vez las soluciones desarrolladas. En esta tesis se presenta el Marco Abierto Accesible aplicado a las TIC en las tres áreas en las que se desarrolla este trabajo: ordenadores, Internet y dispositivos móviles, partiendo de las necesidades y problemas que tienen los usuarios con discapacidad en el uso de las TIC. Diferentes instanciaciones del Marco Abierto Accesible se definen en las tres áreas TIC mencionadas anteriormente y se describen varios ejemplos de sus implementaciones particulares. Los resultados de las evaluaciones de las implementaciones particulares con usuarios finales y expertos, una vez discutidos y contrastados con las hipótesis, sirven para probar la validez del Marco Abierto Accesible para la integración nativa de productos de apoyo en Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación. Finalmente, se presentan las líneas de investigación y trabajo futuro en el área de la accesibilidad en las TIC. ABSTRACT People with disabilities often encounter problems of access to Information and Communications Technology (ICT), due to design and developments that do not take into account their functional differences and therefore put them at risk of social exclusion. It is increasingly common to find assistive products that allow to use different technologies (computers, Internet, mobile devices), but many of them are not well integrated because they work essentially modifying the platform where they are installed, beeing the second-generation access solutions. Beyond the assistive product development, which has certainly evolved positively in recent years, it is notable that there is a lack of tools and holistic approach to help developers and designers make accessible ICT. This doctoral thesis aims to validate the hypothesis that a holistic approach to application development and assistive ICT products, called Open Accessibility Framework, facilitates the development and integration of native accessible applications and assistive products, regardless of the technology used, resulting in third-generation access solutions that improve the use of such applications by people with disabilities. This work was developed under the AEGIS project (open Accessibility Everywhere: Groundwork, Infrastructure, Standards), which was partially funded by the European Commission (EC) under the Seventh Framework Programme and lasted four years. The methodology for the design, development and validation followed in this thesis is an adaptation of two existing design methodologies (User Centered Design and Goal Oriented Design), the implementation of the Open Accessibility Framework and the usage of different validation techniques. A training methodological framework ha also been developed to minimize the effect of the learning curve when users first try the solutions developed. This thesis presents the Open Accessibility Framework applied to ICT in three areas in which this work is developed: computers, Internet and mobile devices, based on the needs and problems of the disabled users in the use of ICT. Different instantiations of the Open Accessibility Framework are defined in the three aforementioned ICT areas and various examples of its particular implementations are described. The results of the evaluations of the particular implementations which have been carried with end users and experts, once discussed and contrasted with the hypotheses, have been used to test the validity of the Open Accessibility Framework for the native integration of assistive products in Information and Communications Technology. Finally, the future research lines and future work in the area of ICT accessibility are presented.

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Este proyecto de fin de grado pretende demostrar la importancia y la utilidad de la creación de redes de dispositivos móviles conectados entre sí. Para ello se explicarán varios tipos de redes inalámbricas que permiten estas conexiones directas entre dispositivos sin la necesidad de un servidor. En estas redes inalámbricas se destacan las redes P2P y las redes Ad-hoc, las cuales se explicarán posteriormente. El despliegue de estas redes se puede encontrar en un amplio rango de campos como puede ser la agricultura, la medicina e incluso en el ámbito militar. Es objetivo de este proyecto, además, el estudio de la tecnología Wi-Fi Direct creada por la Wi-Fi Alliance. Como se explicará a lo largo del proyecto, Wi-Fi Direct está basado en las redes P2P. Esta tecnología permite a los dispositivos cercanos crear redes P2P a través de la red Wi-Fi sin la necesidad de un punto de acceso a Internet. Por otro lado, una gran cantidad de los dispositivos móviles que existen actualmente poseen el sistema operativo Android. Android ha incorporado en sus dispositivos más recientes la tecnología Wi-Fi Direct. Debido a ello han ido surgiendo aplicaciones que usando esta tecnología consiguen desde enviar ficheros hasta indicar la localización de un usuario. Esta tecnología combinada con este tipo de dispositivos puede ser muy útil para utilizar en casos de emergencia donde las infraestructuras de comunicaciones no estén disponibles ya que al no necesitar un punto de acceso a internet es posible la comunicación entre un usuario en peligro y otro que se encuentre dentro de un radio cercano. Por estos motivos otro de los principales objetivos de este proyecto es la implementación de una aplicación para dispositivos Android que use la tecnología Wi-Fi Direct para realizar varias funcionalidades diferentes, como es el intercambio de ficheros entre dispositivos y la creación de un chat para la comunicación simultanea entre dos dispositivos. Con esto se pretende conocer mejor el funcionamiento de la tecnología Wi-Fi Direct y demostrar su utilidad en los dispositivos móviles como son los dispositivos Android. ABSTRACT. This final degree Project tries to demonstrate the importance and utility of networking mobile devices. For this purpose several types of wireless networks will be explained. These networks allow direct connections between devices. The most prominent Wireless networks are P2P and Ad-hoc which will be explained later. The use of these networks can be found in a wide range of fields such as agriculture medicine, and even in the military sector. Besides, other aim of this project is the study of Wi-Fi Direct Technology which is created by Wi-Fi Alliance. As it explained along the project, Wi-Fi Direct is based on P2P networks. This technology lets nearby devices create P2P networks through Wi-Fi network without an Internet access point. On the other hand, a large number of mobile devices have the Android OS. Android has integrated Wi-Fi Direct technology in its latest devices. Because of this applications have emerged that using this technology they get from sending files to send the user’s location. This technology combined with these devices can be very useful to use in emergencies where communications infrastructures are not available. Since not need an Internet access point, communication between a user in danger and another within close radius is possible. For these reasons another of the main aims of this project is the implementation of an application for Android devices which use Wi-Fi Direct technology to perform several different functionalities, such as file exchange or chat for simultaneous communication between devices. This is intended to better understand the operation of Wi-Fi Direct technology and prove its utility on mobile devices such as Android devices.

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Actualmente existen varios dispositivos que aceptan gestos sobre superficies táctiles, sean celulares, tabletas, computadores, etc. a los cuales las personas se acostumbran rápidamente a su uso y los aceptan como herramientas necesarias en su vida. Del mismo modo existen algunas aplicaciones que manejan entornos en 3D, y permiten captar gestos realizados con las manos, cuerpo, cabeza. Estas técnicas se han desarrollado mucho por separado pero se ha podido evidenciar en base a los artículos revisados que no existen muchos estudios que combinen las aplicaciones táctiles con las 3D manejadas por gestos en el aire. El presente trabajo muestra un prototipo que permite la comunicación y coordinación entre dos aplicaciones, una que muestra documentos representados por esferas en una aplicación con interacción táctil desarrollada en Unity que funciona sobre Android, y una segunda aplicación desarrollada también en Unity que maneja un entorno 3D con el que se interactúa mediante gestos realizados en el aire. Luego de algunos intentos la interacción entre ambas aplicaciones fue lograda implementando comunicación por sockets entre la aplicación en el dispositivo Android y la aplicación 3D que se encuentra alojada en un computador con Windows 7. La captura de gestos en el aire se realiza mediante el sistema Tracking Tools desarrollado por la compañía Optitrack que captura los movimientos con cámaras infrarrojas y marcadores en los dedos. Este sistema envía los datos de los gestos a nuestra aplicación 3D. Estos equipos son de propiedad del laboratorio Decoroso Crespo de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Una vez lograda la implementación e interacción entre las aplicaciones se han realizado pruebas de usabilidad con nueve estudiantes del Máster Universitario en Software y Sistemas de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Cada uno ha respondido una serie de encuestas para poder obtener resultados sobre cuán usable es el prototipo, la experiencia del usuario y qué mejoras se podrían realizar sobre éste. En la parte final de este documento se presentan los resultados de las encuestas y se muestran las conclusiones y trabajo futuro.---ABSTRACT---Currently there are several devices that accept gestures on touch surfaces like phones, tablets, computers, etc. to which people quickly become accustomed to their use and accept them as necessary tools in their life. Similarly there are some applications that handle 3D environments and like televisions, holograms and allow capture gestures made with hands, body, and head. These techniques have been developed on a separated way but based on some research we may say that the are not many studies that combine touch with 3D applications handled by gestures in the air. This paper presents a prototype of the interaction of two issues of a 2D showing documents represented by spheres on a touch application developed in Unity that works on Android and allows communicating with the second application also developed in Unity that handles a 3D environment interaction of gestures made in air. After some attempts interaction was achieved by implementing communication sockets between the application on the Android device and 3D application that is hosted on a computer with windows 7, and gestures capturing in the air is done by the system Tracking Tools developed by the Optitrack company it captures movements with infrared cameras and markers on the fingers, which sends data to this application gestures, these equipment are owned by the Decoroso Crespo laboratory of the Polytechnic University of Madrid. Once achieved the interaction of applications has been conducted performance tests with ten students of the university master of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, each has answered a series of surveys to get results on how usable is the prototype, the user experience and that improvements could be made on this.

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Il lavoro presentato in questa tesi di Dottorato è incentrato sullo sviluppo di strategie analitiche innovative basate sulla sensoristica e su tecniche di spettrometria di massa in ambito biologico e della sicurezza alimentare. Il primo capitolo tratta lo studio di aspetti metodologici ed applicativi di procedure sensoristiche per l’identificazione e la determinazione di biomarkers associati alla malattia celiaca. In tale ambito, sono stati sviluppati due immunosensori, uno a trasduzione piezoelettrica e uno a trasduzione amperometrica, per la rivelazione di anticorpi anti-transglutaminasi tissutale associati a questa malattia. L’innovazione di questi dispositivi riguarda l’immobilizzazione dell’enzima tTG nella conformazione aperta (Open-tTG), che è stato dimostrato essere quella principalmente coinvolta nella patogenesi. Sulla base dei risultati ottenuti, entrambi i sistemi sviluppati si sono dimostrati una valida alternativa ai test di screening attualmente in uso per la diagnosi della celiachia. Rimanendo sempre nel contesto della malattia celiaca, ulteriore ricerca oggetto di questa tesi di Dottorato, ha riguardato lo sviluppo di metodi affidabili per il controllo di prodotti “gluten-free”. Il secondo capitolo tratta lo sviluppo di un metodo di spettrometria di massa e di un immunosensore competitivo per la rivelazione di prolammine in alimenti “gluten-free”. E’ stato sviluppato un metodo LC-ESI-MS/MS basato su un’analisi target con modalità di acquisizione del segnale selected reaction monitoring per l’identificazione di glutine in diversi cereali potenzialmente tossici per i celiaci. Inoltre ci si è focalizzati su un immunosensore competitivo per la rivelazione di gliadina, come metodo di screening rapido di farine. Entrambi i sistemi sono stati ottimizzati impiegando miscele di farina di riso addizionata di gliadina, avenine, ordeine e secaline nel caso del sistema LC-MS/MS e con sola gliadina nel caso del sensore. Infine i sistemi analitici sono stati validati analizzando sia materie prime (farine) che alimenti (biscotti, pasta, pane, etc.). L’approccio sviluppato in spettrometria di massa apre la strada alla possibilità di sviluppare un test di screening multiplo per la valutazione della sicurezza di prodotti dichiarati “gluten-free”, mentre ulteriori studi dovranno essere svolti per ricercare condizioni di estrazione compatibili con l’immunosaggio competitivo, per ora applicabile solo all’analisi di farine estratte con etanolo. Terzo capitolo di questa tesi riguarda lo sviluppo di nuovi metodi per la rivelazione di HPV, Chlamydia e Gonorrhoeae in fluidi biologici. Si è scelto un substrato costituito da strips di carta in quanto possono costituire una valida piattaforma di rivelazione, offrendo vantaggi grazie al basso costo, alla possibilità di generare dispositivi portatili e di poter visualizzare il risultato visivamente senza la necessità di strumentazioni. La metodologia sviluppata è molto semplice, non prevede l’uso di strumentazione complessa e si basa sull’uso della isothermal rolling-circle amplification per l’amplificazione del target. Inoltre, di fondamentale importanza, è l’utilizzo di nanoparticelle colorate che, essendo state funzionalizzate con una sequenza di DNA complementare al target amplificato derivante dalla RCA, ne permettono la rivelazione a occhio nudo mediante l’uso di filtri di carta. Queste strips sono state testate su campioni reali permettendo una discriminazione tra campioni positivi e negativi in tempi rapidi (10-15 minuti), aprendo una nuova via verso nuovi test altamente competitivi con quelli attualmente sul mercato.

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A percepção de presença (PP), evolução do conceito de telepresença, pode ser definida como ilusão perceptiva de não mediação e/ou a percepção ilusória da realidade. O método mais utilizado para a avaliação da PP faz uso de questionários aplicados aos sujeitos, após sua participação numa experiência. Além de não fornecer informações em tempo real esse método sofre muitas interferências advindas tanto dos sujeitos submetidos ao experimento como dos avaliadores dos questionários. Os métodos que poderiam ser mais efetivos para a avaliação da PP, em tempo real, fazem uso de sinais fisiológicos que variam independentemente da vontade dos sujeitos, como batimento cardíaco, eletrocardiograma, eletroencefalograma, resistividade e umidade da pele. Os sinais fisiológicos, no entanto, só variam de forma significativa em situações de estresse, inviabilizando sua utilização em atividades normais, sem estresse. Outra forma de avaliar a PP é utilizar sistemas de rastreamento do olhar. Estudados e desenvolvidos desde o século 19, os sistemas de rastreamento do olhar fornecem um mapeamento do movimento dos olhos. Além de indicar para onde os sujeitos estão olhando, podem também monitorar a dilatação da pupila e as piscadas. Atualmente existem sistemas de rastreamento do olhar comerciais de baixo custo, que apesar de terem menos precisão e frequência que os equipamentos de alto custo são mais práticos e possuem software de plataforma aberta. No futuro serão tão comuns e simples de usar como são hoje as câmeras em dispositivos móveis e computadores, o que viabilizará a aplicação das técnicas e métodos aqui propostos em larga escala, principalmente para monitorar a atenção e envolvimento de atividades mediadas por vídeo. É apresentada uma ferramenta que faz uso do rastreamento do olhar para avaliar a percepção de presença em atividades mediadas por vídeo (com estímulos sonoros). Dois experimentos foram realizados para validar as hipóteses da pesquisa e a ferramenta. Um terceiro experimento foi executado para verificar a capacidade da ferramenta em avaliar a percepção de presença em atividades não estressantes mediadas por vídeo.

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The development of applications as well as the services for mobile systems faces a varied range of devices with very heterogeneous capabilities whose response times are difficult to predict. The research described in this work aims to respond to this issue by developing a computational model that formalizes the problem and that defines adjusting computing methods. The described proposal combines imprecise computing strategies with cloud computing paradigms in order to provide flexible implementation frameworks for embedded or mobile devices. As a result, the imprecise computation scheduling method on the workload of the embedded system is the solution to move computing to the cloud according to the priority and response time of the tasks to be executed and hereby be able to meet productivity and quality of desired services. A technique to estimate network delays and to schedule more accurately tasks is illustrated in this paper. An application example in which this technique is experimented in running contexts with heterogeneous work loading for checking the validity of the proposed model is described.

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Tese de mestrado, Engenharia Informática (Sistemas de Informação), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2016

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The ability to view and interact with 3D models has been happening for a long time. However, vision-based 3D modeling has only seen limited success in applications, as it faces many technical challenges. Hand-held mobile devices have changed the way we interact with virtual reality environments. Their high mobility and technical features, such as inertial sensors, cameras and fast processors, are especially attractive for advancing the state of the art in virtual reality systems. Also, their ubiquity and fast Internet connection open a path to distributed and collaborative development. However, such path has not been fully explored in many domains. VR systems for real world engineering contexts are still difficult to use, especially when geographically dispersed engineering teams need to collaboratively visualize and review 3D CAD models. Another challenge is the ability to rendering these environments at the required interactive rates and with high fidelity. In this document it is presented a virtual reality system mobile for visualization, navigation and reviewing large scale 3D CAD models, held under the CEDAR (Collaborative Engineering Design and Review) project. It’s focused on interaction using different navigation modes. The system uses the mobile device's inertial sensors and camera to allow users to navigate through large scale models. IT professionals, architects, civil engineers and oil industry experts were involved in a qualitative assessment of the CEDAR system, in the form of direct user interaction with the prototypes and audio-recorded interviews about the prototypes. The lessons learned are valuable and are presented on this document. Subsequently it was prepared a quantitative study on the different navigation modes to analyze the best mode to use it in a given situation.

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Ao final do ano de 2004 o Brasil atingiu o número de mais de 50 milhões de aparelhos celulares, ultrapassando inclusive o número de telefones fixos. No mesmo período, as operadoras de telefonia móvel lançaram o sinal de televisão para serem recebidos nestes aparelhos, que são pessoais e portáteis. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se em virtude deste crescimento na base de usuários e da alta tecnologia o aparelho de telefone celular tem potencial como mídia publicitária, sendo capaz de segmentar suas mensagens de acordo com o perfil dos clientes.

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In emerging markets, the amount of mobile communication and the number of occasions mobile phones are used are increasing. More and more settings appropriate or not for mobile phone usage are being exposed. Although prohibited by many governments, there is evidence that use of new mobile devices while driving are somehow becoming current everyday practice, hence legitimatizing usage for many users. Dominant dangerous behavior in the absence of enforced legal framework is being deployed and has become routine for many m-users. This chapter adopts a qualitative case study approach (20 cases) to examine the public transport drivers' motives, logic and legitimacy processes. The question which these issues raise in the light of advancing m-technologies is: How do, in the context of emerging market, undesired emerging routines enactment get to be reflected upon and voluntarily disregarded to maximize the benefits of m-technologies while minimizing their drawbacks? Findings point out at multiple motives for usage including external social pressure through the ubiquitous 24/7 usage of mtechnology, lack of alternative communication protocol, real time need for action and from an internal perspectives boredoms, lack of danger awareness, blurring of the boundaries between personal and business life and lack of job fulfillment are uncovered as key factors. As secondary dynamic factors such as education, drivers work' histories, impunity, lack of strong consumer opposition appear central in shaping the development of the routines. © 2011, IGI Global.