Brasilia Declaration: Second Regional Intergovernmental Conference on Ageing in Latin America and the Caribbean: towards a society for all ages and rights-based social protection

Spanish version available at the Library

Report on the Expert Group Meeting on the Comprehensive and Integral International Convention to Promote and Protect the Rights and Dignity of Persons with Disabilities

The main objective of the meeting was to present recommendations to the Ad Hoc Committee established by the United Nations to consider proposals and elements for inclusion in an international convention aimed at protecting and promoting the rights and dignity of persons with disabilities. Attending the meeting were key stakeholders from the human rights and disabled community, public and private sector, the academic community, and members of the United Nations system.

The rights-based approach to social protection in Latin America: From rhetoric to practice

This paper aims to contribute to developing the normative framework for rights-based social protection systems and discusses lessons learned in some emblematic programmes implemented in Latin America which have sought to advance a rights approach. The paper emphasizes the added value of the rights-based approach and describes the normative content of the right to social security. It then describes the basic elements of a rights-based approach and examines how it is operationalized in the design, implementation and evaluation of landmark social protection programmes in the region. The paper seeks to demonstrate that, despite the large gap that still exists between the rhetoric of a human rights approach and its implementation in specific policies, there have been significant achievements in some countries in Latin America. It argues that some of the good practices in the region can serve as policy examples to follow elsewhere. The paper concludes with a number of public policy recommendations with a view to consolidating the rights perspective in social protection programmes.

Regional implementation meeting on access rights and sustainable development in the Caribbean. Workshop on enhancing access to information on climate change, natural disasters and coastal vulnerability: leaving no one behind

This document summarizes the regional implementation meeting on access rights and sustainable development in the Caribbean and the workshop on enhancing access to information on climate change, natural disasters and coastal vulnerability: leaving no one behind held in Rodney’s Bay, Saint Lucia, from 24 to 26 August 2015.

Bem jurídico e princípio da proporcionalidade: uma análise crítica da pena em abstrato

A pesquisa constata a existência de dispositivos na legislação penal brasileira em que a pena em abstrato encontra-se desproporcional, seja pela ausência de um bem jurídico merecedor da tutela penal, seja porque o quantum da pena não condiz com os parâmetros da proporcionalidade. Para tanto, apresenta o bem jurídico penal, expondo sua síntese evolutiva, seu conceito, os princípios da intervenção mínima e da ofensividade, bem como as questões pertinentes a existência de bens jurídicos penais supra individuais e a problemática das imposições constitucionais de criminalização. Analisa o principio da proporcionalidade, desenvolvendo seu conceito, conteúdo, sua origem histórica e evolução, a consagração constitucional e a nomenclatura no direito comparado. Quanto ao conteúdo da proporcionalidade, adota a corrente que apresenta os subprincípios da idoneidade, necessidade e proporcionalidade em sentido estrito como elementos formadores da proporcionalidade em sentido amplo. Traz alguns exemplos de normas penais que fogem a regra da proporcionalidade, considerando o bem jurídico sob tutela. Conclui pela necessidade de se adequar a legislação penal brasileira aos parâmetros da proporcionalidade e as imposições da doutrina do bem jurídico penal, descriminalizando condutas ou adequando a pena em abstrato.

Relatos sobre o cotidiano da população pobre e o princípio constitucional da dignidade da pessoa humana

The paper demonstrates the magnitude of the constitutional statement of the dignity of the human person subscribed to the Federal Constitution of 1988 as a fundamental principle. Next, it brings reports on quality of life of residents of Vila Esperança, in the municipality of Cubatão (SP), from an ethnographic approach, descriptive and photographic documentation. We could conclude that the Brazilian legal system is organized hierarchically, so the Principle of Human Dignity cannot be disregard. The vital guarantee of a minimum vital floor is essential for poor people to expand the possibilities for the full exercise of human dignity.

A efetivação do direito humano fundamental ao meio ambiente cibernético do trabalho

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

Il consenso informato come strumento di esercizio del diritto alla salute per i pazienti stranieri?

L’elaborato propone una riflessione rispetto all’atto giuridico del consenso informato quale strumento garante dell’esercizio del diritto alla salute per i migranti. Attraverso una riflessione antropologica rispetto alla natura, alla costruzione e alla logica dei diritti universali, verranno analizzate le normative nazionali, europee ed internazionali a tutela del diritto alla salute per i migranti; l’obiettivo della ricerca è indagare l’eventuale scarto tra normative e politiche garantiste nei confronti della salute migrante e l’esistenza di barriere strutturali che impediscono un pieno esercizio del diritto alla salute. L’ipotesi di ricerca si basa sulla reale capacità performativa del consenso informato, proposto solitamente sia come strumento volto ad assicurare la piena professionalità dell’operatore sanitario nell’informare il paziente circa i rischi e i benefici di un determinato trattamento sanitario, sia come garante del principio di autonomia. La ricerca, attraverso un’analisi quanti-qualitativa, ha interrogato il proprio campo, rappresentato da un reparto di ginecologia ed ostetrica, rispetto alle modalità pratiche di porre in essere la firma nei moduli del consenso informato, con particolare attenzione alle specificità proprie delle pazienti migranti. Attraverso l’osservazione partecipante è stato quindi possibile riflettere su aspetti rilevanti, quali le dinamiche quotidiane che vengono a crearsi tra personale sanitario e pazienti, le caratteristiche e i limiti del servizio di mediazione sanitaria, le azioni pratiche della medicina difensiva. In questo senso il tema del “consenso informato”, indagato facendo interagire discipline quali l’antropologia, la bioetica, la filosofia e la sociologia, si è posto sia come lente di lettura privilegiata per comprendere le dinamiche relazionali ad oggi esistenti tra professionisti sanitari e popolazione migrante, ancora vittima di diseguaglianze strutturali, ma altresì come “innesco potenziale” di nuove modalità di intendere la relazione medico-paziente.

Sui Generis Rights for the Protection of Traditional Cultural Expressions Policy Implications

Within the international community there have been many calls for better protection of traditional cultural expressions (TCEs), for which classic instruments of intellectual property rights do not seem to fit. In response, at least five model laws have been advanced within the last 40 years. These are referred to as sui generis because, though they generally belong to the realm of intellectual property they structurally depart from classic copyright law to accommodate the needs of the holders of TCEs. The purpose of this paper is to provide a well-founded basis for national policy makers who wish to implement protection for TCEs within their country. This is achieved by systematically comparing and evaluating economic effects that can be expected to result from these regulatory alternatives and a related system or private ordering. Specifically, we compare if and how protection preferences of local communities are met as well as the social costs that are likely to arise from the different model laws.

Impulses for an Effective and Modern Data Protection System

A substantial reform of data protection law is on the agenda of the European Commission as it is widely agreed that data protection law is faced by lots of challenges, due to fundamental technical and social changes or even revolutions. Therefore, the authors have issued draft new provisions on data protection law that would work in both Germany and Europe. The draft is intended to provide a new approach and deal with the consequences of such an approach. This article contains some key theses on the main legislatory changes that appear both necessary and adequate.

Privacy as human flourishing: Could a shift towards virtue ethics strengthen privacy protection in the age of Big Data?

Privacy is commonly seen as an instrumental value in relation to negative freedom, human dignity and personal autonomy. Article 8 ECHR, protecting the right to privacy, was originally coined as a doctrine protecting the negative freedom of citizens in vertical relations, that is between citizen and state. Over the years, the Court has extended privacy protection to horizontal relations and has gradually accepted that individual autonomy is an equally important value underlying the right to privacy. However, in most of the recent cases regarding Article 8 ECHR, the Court goes beyond the protection of negative freedom and individual autonomy and instead focuses self-expression, personal development and human flourishing. Accepting this virtue ethical notion, in addition to the traditional Kantian focus on individual autonomy and human dignity, as a core value of Article 8 ECHR may prove vital for the protection of privacy in the age of Big Data.