Consequences of adolescent's evening preference on psychological functioning: a review

This review provides an overview of the role of circadian preference in psychological functioning of adolescents taking into account their shift to eveningness during this stage of life. After a brief explanation about morningness/eveningness and other terms related, an overview of the changes that occur on three of the most important areas in the adolescent���s life is presented: school performance, personality styles, and health. Consequences of evening preference on school achievement are considered from the analysis of the relevance of sleep debt and time-of-day in cognition and mood aspects. In general, students who are able to choose activity times coinciding with their preferred times may have a greater opportunity to optimize their performance. The personality styles and health of morning and evening types are also important factors related to school and family adaptation. At last, some recommendations and conclusions in order to promote a healthy psychological functioning are described.

Qualidade de vida: o papel do estado nutricional e da percep����o do relacionamento familiar de crian��as do munic��pio de Indaiatuba/SP

Introdu����o: A import��ncia da investiga����o da qualidade de vida de crian��as est�� diretamente relacionada ao fato de que muitos problemas na vida adulta t��m sua origem na inf��ncia. Objetivo: analisar a contribui����o da percep����o do relacionamento familiar e do estado nutricional sobre a qualidade de vida de crian��as do munic��pio de Indaiatuba. Metodologia: Na etapa 1 foi realizado o estudo de validade do instrumento APGAR Familiar adaptado �� crian��as de 7 a 11 anos, utilizando como medida de confiabilidade a t��cnica do Teste-Reteste e para a avalia����o da validade convergente foi utilizada a Escala de Avalia����o de Qualidade de Vida Infantil. Na etapa 2 foram avaliados os determinantes da Qualidade de Vida de crian��as sob aspectos familiares, estado nutricional e socioecon��micos e demogr��ficos. Os dados foram analisados por meio de Regress��o Linear M��ltipla com m��todo dos M��nimos Quadrados Ordin��rios. Resultados: Na etapa 1 a an��lise de confiabilidade obteve a correla����o de 0,764 do coeficiente de Spearman-Brown. Na an��lise de Validade Convergente o coeficiente de correla����o de R�� de Spearman entre os escores dos dois instrumentos foi de 0,570 (p<0,01). Na etapa 2 foi estimado um modelo dos determinantes da qualidade de vida a partir de uma amostra de 1028 crian��as de 7 a 11 anos de ambos os sexos. As vari��veis independentes foram capazes de explicar a Qualidade de Vida de crian��as a uma signific��ncia de 1% (Z = 8,417), sendo o R�� ajustado de 0,104. A idade da crian��a e a percep����o do relacionamento familiar foram as vari��veis estatisticamente significativas, ao passo que o estado nutricional, o tamanho da fam��lia, o sexo da crian��a, a classe social e a escolaridade do respons��vel, n��o foram estatisticamente significantes. Conclus��o: O instrumento APGAR Familiar apresentou ��ndices preliminares de validade e precis��o; a idade e o relacionamento familiar foram as vari��veis que explicaram a qualidade de vida percebida sob a perspectiva subjetiva de bem-estar.

Family Coping as a Protective Factor for Poor Children

This study examined family influences on coping and adjustment among 90 low-income Latino middle school children (46% Female; Average age = 11.38, SD = .66) and their primary caregivers (93% Female; Average age = 36.12, SD = 6.13). All participants identified as Hispanic/Latino, with 75% of families identifying as Mexican-origin Latino, 77% of parents identifying as immigrants, and 32% of children identifying immigrants. All children participating in the study were receiving free or reduced lunch, a poverty indicator. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses revealed that family reframing is related to fewer symptoms of psychopathology and that familism enhances the protective effect of family reframing, while passive appraisal is linked to worse functioning. Path analyses showed that family reframing also has indirect effects on symptoms through child primary control coping. Additional analyses identified family mobilizing support and family ethnic socialization as potential contributors to child secondary control coping. Family mobilizing support may also be helpful for single-parent families, while family spiritual support is helpful for immigrant families. Qualitative findings from an initial focus group and from the larger sample are also discussed. Results are discussed with regard to the implications of this research for preventive interventions with families in poverty. Understanding the protective links of family coping and cultural strengths to mental health outcomes of poor children can influence intervention or prevention programming and policy targeting at-risk youth and families.

Qualidade de intera����o entre familiar/cuidador e adulto ou idoso p��s-acidente vascular cerebral (AVC)

Considerando a fam��lia como institui����o prim��ria a qual se tem acesso, e a sua relev��ncia nos diversos processos os quais o ser humano passa durante a vida, um resultado desse movimento s��o as mudan��as na din��mica familiar, quando h��, por exemplo, o adoecimento de algum dos membros e um familiar torna-se cuidador. , atentando-se para as necessidades de cada sistema familiar. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a qualidade da rela����o entre o cuidador familiar e adulto ou idoso p��s-Acidente Vascular Cerebral, que se encontram no processo de reabilita����o. Participaram deste estudo, familiares de 11 pacientes que se encontram em atendimento na Cl��nica de Fonoaudiologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru FOB/USP. Para a coleta de dados foram agendadas entrevistas com a aplica����o de question��rios para caracterizar os aspectos interacionais entre o cuidador familiar e a pessoa cuidada, avaliar o n��vel de depend��ncia na realiza����o de atividades b��sicas e instrumentais di��rias e como esses fatores podem influenciar na sobrecarga do cuidador, considerando o tempo do Acidente Vascular Cerebral (tAVC) e tempo de conviv��ncia di��ria (tCD) e, consequentemente, oferecer uma qualidade da rela����o insatisfat��ria. A m��dia de idade dos participantes foi de 49 anos, houve predomin��ncia do sexo feminino (63,6%), a m��dia de tAVC de 44 meses e a m��dia de tCD foi de 19 horas. Para a an��lise dos dados optou-se por uma an��lise descritiva e abordagem quantitativa para a apresenta����o dos dados, para determinar a correla����o entre as vari��veis foi utilizado o Coeficiente de Correla����o de Spearman e adotado n��vel de signific��ncia de 5% (p<0,05). Os resultados oferecem subs��dios para estudos complementares direcionados ao desenvolvimento de interven����es no ��mbito familiar. A psicologia pode auxiliar nessa tarefa de observar os comportamentos e as intera����es dos indiv��duos, al��m de avaliar o contexto desse paciente, em especial, na descri����o da qualidade da rela����o entre paciente-familiar, partindo da atual situa����o vivenciada.

Post-Conflict Maternal Communication, Children's Understandings, and Child Functioning in Violent and Non-Violent Families

The last two decades have been marked by a growing public awareness of family violence. Research by social scientists has suggested that family violence is widespread (Gelles and Straus, 1988). It is estimated that every year 1.8 to 4 million women are physically abused by their partners (Novello, 1992). In fact, more women are abused by their husbands or boyfriends than are injured in car accidents, muggings, or rapes (Jaffe, Wolfe, and Wilson, 1990). A recent prevalence study by Fantuzzo, Boruch, Beriama, Atkins, and Marcus (1997) found that children were disproportionately present in households where there was a substantial incident of adult female assault. Experts estimate that 3.3 to 10 million children are exposed to marital violence each year (Carlson, 1984; Straus, 1991). Until recently, most researchers did not consider the impact of parental conflict on the children who witness this violence. The early literature in this field primarily focused on the incidence of violence against women and the inadequate response of community agencies (Jaffe et al, 1990). The needs of children were rarely considered. However, researchers have become increasingly aware that children exposed to marital violence are victims of a range of psychological maltreatment (e.g., terrorizing, isolation;Hart, Brassared & Karlson, 1996) and are at serious risk for the development of psychological problems (Fantuzzo, DePaola, Lambert, Martino, Anderson, and Sutton, 1991). Jouriles, Murphy and O'Leary (1989) found that children of battered women were four times more likely to exhibit psychopathology as were children living in non-violent homes. Further, researchers have found associations between childhood exposure to parental violence and the expression of violence in adulthood (Carlson, 1990). Existing research suggests that children who have witnessed marital violence manifest numerous emotional, social, and behavioral problems (Sternberg et al., 1993; Fantuzzo et al., 1991; Jaffe et al, 1990). Studies have found that children of battered women exhibit more internalizing and externalizing behavior problems than non-witnesschildren (Hughes and Fantuzzo, 1994; McCloskey, Figueredo, and Koss, 1995). In addition, children exposed to marital violence have been found to exhibit difficulties with social problem-solving, and have lower levels of social competence than nonwitnesses (Rosenberg, 1987; Moore, Pepler, Weinberg, Hammond, Waddell, & Weiser, 1990). Other reported difficulties include low self esteem (Hughes, 1988), poor school performance (Moore et al., 1990) and problems with aggression (Holden & Ritchie, 1991; Jaffe, Wolfe, Wilson, & Zak, 1986). Further, within the last decade, researchers have found that some children are traumatized by the witnessing experience, showing elevated levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms (Devoe & Graham-Bermann, 1997; Rossman, Bingham, & Emde, 1996; Kilpatrick, Litt, & Williams, 1997). These findings corroborate clinical reports that describe many exposed children as experiencing trauma reactions. It appears that the negative effects of witnessing marital violence are numerous and varied, ranging from mild emotional and behavioral problems to clinically significant levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms. These incidence figures and research findings indicate that children's exposure to violence is a significant problem in our nation today and has serious implications for the future.

��Maternidad y periodismo? La conciliaci��n de la vida familiar y laboral en la prensa diaria valenciana

On the basis of biographical in-depth interviews with female journalists, we researched the issue of work-family relationship with regard to maternity. Work-family integration is a relevant study ambit from both a gender policy. The paper focuses on the daily press industry in eastern Spain. Results suggest both structural factors (e.g. working conditions, resources, age) and normative ones (e.g. stereotypes, organizational model, the meaning of motherhood) affect the decision to have children. Maternity is the result of a strategy of action on integration. These observations raise the debate about health, equality and productivity in the media industries.

El significado de profesi��n y su influencia en la conciliaci��n con la vida familiar: an��lisis sobre la toma de decisiones de las periodistas de la prensa valenciana

The article exposes the meaning of profession for the journalists and how it affects the work-family reconciliation. The paper focuses on the daily press industry in eastern Spain. The information is collected by 38 biographical in-depth interviews with female journalists. The results show two approaches to define the profession: the personnel and the group one. The first approach shows the personal accomplishment. The second one shows the stereotype of journalist. Both approaches demand dedication. In addition, they are linked to other structural factors of the job (ex-. schedules) that define different labor personal situations (also according to professional and vital trajectories of the journalists). That way, the meaning of profession affects the decision making about the reconciliation.

Campa��as de sensibilizaci��n para la conciliaci��n de la vida laboral y familiar: una propuesta de investigaci��n para la igualdad de g��nero

From a gender perspective, protection and advertising political actions about work-family should promote sharing responsibilities between sexes. Next to political action and specific measures, the project of equal opportunities needs a long-term strategy based on the education on equality. This article proposes the methodologic exposition of a study based on these premises. It facilitates and explains the protocol used for the analysis of the audio-visual advertising campaigns on conciliation emitted by the Woman���s Institute. The evaluation of the actions is focused on the effectiveness from the point of view of mass media. It provides some data that illustrates the proposed study. Finally, it considers the difficulties of the available sources of information.

Autopercepci��n del bienestar del cuidador familiar del adulto mayor y caracter��sticas sociodemogr��ficas

Introducci��n: La autopercepci��n del bienestar dimensional se relaciona con caracter��sticas de cuidadoras. Objetivo: Establecer asociaci��n de autopercepci��n en dimensiones de bienestar y caracter��sticas de cuidadores. M��todo: Estudio descriptivo, anal��tico y correlacional. Muestra 300 cuidadores. Matamoros Tamaulipas, M��xico. Cuestionarios: Datos Sociodemogr��ficos, ��ndice Barthel, Calidad Vida: dimensiones f��sica, psicol��gica, social; y espiritual, ��ste con alpha de Cronbach 0.69. Pruebas chi-cuadrada y coeficiente correlaci��n de Pearson. Resultados: Caracter��sticas mayor��a mujeres, 42 a��os, casadas, hija, alfabetizadas, labores hogar, baja escolaridad, sin trabajo o ingresos limitados. Autopercepci��n con significancia en bienestar general, alfabetizaci��n y parentesco; dimensiones f��sica, edad y g��nero; psicol��gica, escolaridad; social, parentesco y espiritual alfabetizaci��n, situaci��n laboral, ocupaci��n y estado civil. Discusi��n: Caracter��sticas vulneran a cuidadoras a efectos adversos del cuidado y determinan mayor percepci��n de carga que altera su bienestar dimensional.

El Programa de Educaci��n en Alimentaci��n y Nutrici��n (1961-1982) y la capacitaci��n de las amas de casa como responsables del bienestar familiar

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar desde una perspectiva de g��nero, a trav��s del ejemplo del Programa de Educaci��n en Alimentaci��n y Nutrici��n (EDALNU) que se desarroll�� en Espa��a en las d��cadas finales del siglo XX, los mensajes y estrategias de educaci��n alimentaria nutricional que iban dirigidos a mejorar la capacitaci��n de las amas de casa como garantes del bienestar familiar y como expertas en la gesti��n de los diversos aspectos del hogar. Su acci��n espec��fica sobre las amas de casa y los argumentos sobre los que se sosten��a dicha intervenci��n afianzaron el modelo social de g��nero en el que los hombres eran los ��nicos responsables de los recursos econ��micos del hogar y las mujeres las proveedoras de cuidados familiares y en concreto los relacionados con la alimentaci��n y la nutrici��n.

Estigma social y adopci��n internacional en Espa��a. ��Es la familia adoptiva un modelo familiar menos ��aut��ntico�� que los basados en lazos biol��gicos?

En Espa��a, el fen��meno de las adopciones internacionales irrumpe en la d��cada de 1990. En 2004, se convirti�� en el segundo pa��s del mundo que las llevaba a cabo. Con el objetivo de incrementar el conocimiento sociol��gico sobre la familia adoptiva internacional espa��ola, se realiz�� la encuesta a trav��s de web titulada Las familias adoptivas y sus estilos de vida. A partir de las respuestas ofrecidas por 230 madres y padres adoptivos, se dibuja el perfil sociodemogr��fico de sus hogares. Estos se caracterizar��an por contar con progenitores con elevado nivel formativo, no adscritos a ninguna religi��n, que defienden pol��ticas de izquierdas y que comparten un sistema de valores posmodernos respecto a la instituci��n familiar. La identificaci��n de la estructura dom��stica seg��n su tipo de alianza (biparental o monoparental) y su tipo de filiaci��n (adoptiva o mixta) nos permite situar a la adopci��n contempor��nea como una opci��n de filiaci��n elegida y no, exclusivamente, como alternativa ante la imposibilidad de tener hijos biol��gicos. Adicionalmente, los resultados arrojados por la encuesta nos permiten adentrarnos en uno de los aspectos menos abordados en el estudio sociol��gico de la familia adoptiva: el papel de las actitudes sociales hacia la adopci��n y su impacto en aquella. La mayor��a de los encuestados perciben el estigma social del que es objeto su familia adoptiva, pues, desde su punto de vista, la sociedad las considera como una forma de hogar menos satisfactoria que la basada en lazos biol��gicos.

Is video-case an efficient tool to complement the practical learning in real contexts? Effects on satisfaction and performance in Social Work Degree students

Este documento es un art��culo in��dito que ha sido aceptado para su publicaci��n. Como un servicio a sus autores y lectores, Alternativas. Cuadernos de trabajo social proporciona online esta edici��n preliminar. El manuscrito puede sufrir alteraciones tras la edici��n y correcci��n de pruebas, antes de su publicaci��n definitiva. Los posibles cambios no afectar��n en ning��n caso a la informaci��n contenida en esta hoja, ni a lo esencial del contenido del art��culo.

Satisfa����o familiar com os cuidados prestados numa unidade de cuidados intensivos : uma an��lise quantitativa e qualitativa

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Moocs desenvolvidos no ensino superior portugu��s : an��lise de modelos pedag��gicos e estrat��gias de funcionamento utilizados

Disserta����o de mestrado, Educa����o e Forma����o (��rea de especialidade E-learning e Forma����o a Dist��ncia), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educa����o, 2016

Enfermeiro de Sa��de Familiar e a comunica����o: transi����o para a parentalidade

Relat��rio de Estagio apresentado para obten����o do grau de Mestre na ��rea de Enfermagem de Sa��de Familiar