928 resultados para Fuel switching


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA

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The purpose of this study was to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of pure or mixed chemicals for Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus fermentum in the samples isolated from distilleries with serious bacterial contamination problems. The biocides, which showed the best results were: 3,4,4' trichlorocarbanilide (TCC), tested at pH 4.0 (MIC = 3.12 mg/l), TCC with benzethonium chloride (CBe) at pH 6.0 (MIC = 3.12 mg/l) and TCC mixed with benzalkonium chloride (CBa) at pH 6.0 (MIC = 1.53 mg /l). If CBa was used in sugar cane milling in 1:1 ratio with TCC, a 8 times reduction of CBa was possible. This formulation also should be tested in fermentation steps since it was more difficult for the bacterium to develop resistance to biocide. There was no inhibition of S. cerevisiae and there were only antibiotics as an option to bacterial control of fuel ethanol fermentation by S. cerevisiae.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Perovskite, single multiferroic bismuth ferrite was prepared by two chemical methods: auto-combustion and soft chemical route. Influence of different fuels and complexing agents and thermal treatment on purity of bismuth ferrite powders and density of bismuth ferrite ceramics were investigated. X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) indicated that optimal temperatures and times for calcination and sintering are 600 degrees C for 2 h and 800 degrees C for 1 h with quenching, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that soft route synthesized samples formed softer agglomerates and smaller grains with less secondary phases. Powders and pellets were characterized by Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) specific surface area analysis, particle size distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dilatometry, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), dielectric and magnetic measurements. Resistivity and origin of electrical resistance were studied by means of impedance measurements. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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CeO2-based materials doped with rare earth (TR +3) can be used as alternative to traditional NiO-YSZ anodes in solid oxide fuel cells as they have higher ionic conductivity and lower ohmic losses compared to YSZ. Moreover, they allow fuel cell operation at lower temperatures (500-800°C). In the anode composition, the concentration of NiO acting as catalyst in YSZ provides high electrical conductivity and high electrochemical activity of reactions, promoting internal reform in the cell. In this work, NiO - Ce1-xEuxO2-δ compounds (x = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) have been synthesized by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The materials were characterized by TG, XRD, TPR and SEM-FEG techniques. The refinement of data obtained by X-ray diffraction showed the presence of ceria doped with europium crystallized in a cubic phase with fluorite structure, in addition to the presence of NiO. The microwave-assisted hydrothermal method showed significant reduction in the average particle size and good mass control of phase compositions compared to other chemical synthesis techniques.