Sistemas de medição de desempenho para projetos de PD&I no Setor de Petróleo e Gás Natural

Organizations are seeking new ideas, tools and methods aiming to improve management process and performance. On the other hand, system performance measurement needs to portray organizational changes and provide managers with a set of true and more appropriate information for the decision-making process. This work aims to propose a performance measurement system in the academic field regarding Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) in the oil and gas industry. The research performed a bibliographic review in a descriptive exploratory manner. A field research was conducted with an expert focus group in order to gather new indicators. As for the validation of these indicators, a survey with experienced professional was also realized. The research surveyed four segments in and outside of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-Brazil such as oil and gas project coordinators, staff at Academic Planning Offices, FUNPEC employees as well as coordinators from Petrobrás. The performance measuring system created from this study features three interrelated performance indicators pointed out as: process indicators, outcome indicators and global indicators. The proposal includes performance indicators that seek to establish more appropriate strategies for effective institution management. It might help policy making of university-industry interaction policies

Desenvolvimento de uma formulação cólon específica visando o tratamento da colite ulcerativa

Micro and nanoparticulate systems as drug delivery carriers have achieved successful therapeutic use by enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity of potent drugs. The improvement of pharmaceutical grade polymers has allowed the development of such therapeutic systems. Microencapsulation is a process in which very thin coatings of inert natural or synthetic polymeric materials are deposited around microsized particles of solids or around droplets. Products thus formed are known as microparticles. Xylan is a natural polymer abundantly found in nature. It is the most common hemicellulose, representing more than 60% of the polysaccharides existing in the cell walls of corn cobs, and is normally degraded by the bacterial enzymes present in the colon of the human body. Therefore, this polymer is an eligible material to produce colon-specific drug carriers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technological potential of xylan for the development of colon delivery systems for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. First, coacervation was evaluated as a feasible method to produce xylan microcapsules. Afterwards, interfacial cross-linking polymerization was studied as a method to produce microcapsules with hydrophilic core. Additionally, magnetic xylan-coated microcapsules were prepared in order to investigate the ability of producing gastroresistant systems. Besides, the influence of the external phase composition on the production and mean diameter of microcapsules produced by interfacial cross-linking polymerization was investigated. Also, technological properties of xylan were determined in order to predict its possible application in other pharmaceutical dosage forms

Avaliação do sistema conservante em formulação com extrato hidroalcóolico de schinus terebinthifolius raddi nacardiaceae

Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi is used in the treatment of skin and mucosal injuries, infections of respiratory, digestive and genitourinary systems. Currently one of the biggest problems faced for the industry of phytopharmaceuticals with regard to the quality of raw materials is the microbial contamination. The aim this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial action of the hidroalcoholic extract of aroeira, beyond testing the effectiveness of the preservative system in hidrogel to the base of this extract. The extracts were prepared by maceration in the ratio of 1:10 of solvent plant/with alcohol 40%. The methods for microbial count were pour plate and test for specific microorganisms, analyzing in third copy each one of the samples. The antimicrobial activity of aroeira extracts was performed using an agar diffusion method, using strains of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, B. subtilis, C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. guilliermondii, T. rubrum, M. gypseum, A. flavus and A. niger. The formula with aroeira was evaluated by the challenge test. This method consisted of artificial contamination the sample with separate inóculos of A. niger, C. albicans, E. coli e S. aureus aeruginosa and determinations of survivors for the method of counting for pour plate , during times 0, 24h, 48h, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days. How much to the results, one verified that the extract of aroeira in the 13,5 concentration mg/mL presented antimicrobial activity for cepas of E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa e S. aureus, producing inhibition zone, on average with 13 mm of diameter. However it did not present no fungi activity. The formula with aroeira containig both methylparaben and propylparaben showed a good efficacy in challenge test front to strains of A. niger, C. albicans, E. coli, S. aureus. The A criteria of European Pharmacopoeia, adopted in this work, was verified that this product revealed the good preservative efficacy for the challenge test, time interval of the 28 days. However, it is interesting to extend this study, in order to carry through the sped up stability and the test of shelf, to establish the validity of this formularization

Estudo de pré-formulação para dose fixa combinada dos tuberculostáticos rifampicina, isoniazida, pirazinamida e etambutol (4 em 1)

According to the global framework regarding new cases of tuberculosis, Brazil appears at the 18th place. Thus, the Ministry of Health has defined this disease as a priority in the governmental policies. As a consequence, studies concerning treatment and prevention have increased. Fixed-dose combination formulations (FDC) are recognized as beneficial and are recommended by WHO, but they present instability and loss on rifampicin bioavailability. The main purpose of this work was to carry out a pre-formulation study with the schedule 1 tuberculosis treatment drugs: rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol and pharmaceutical excipients (lactose, cellulose, magnesium stearate and talc), in order to develop an FDC product (150 mg of rifampicin + 75 mg of isoniazid + 400 mg of pyrazinamide + 250 mg of ethambutol). The studies consisted of the determination of particle size and distribution (Ferret s diameter) and shape through optical microscopy, as well as rheological and technological properties (bulk and tapped densities, Hausner Factor, Carr s Index, repose angle and flux rate) and interactions among drugs and drug excipient through thermal analysis (DSC, DTA, TG and your derivate). The results showed that, except isoniazid, the other drugs presented poor rheological properties, determined by the physical characteristics of the particles: small size and rod like particles shape for rifampicin; rectangular shape for pyrazinamide and ethambutol, beyond its low density. The 4 drug mixture also not presented flowability, particularly that one containing drug quantity indicated for the formulation of FDC products. In this mixture, isoniazid, that has the best flowability, was added in a lower concentration. The addition of microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate and talc to the drug mixtures improved flowability properties. In DSC analysis probable interactions among drugs were found, supporting the hypothesis of ethambutol and pyrazinamide catalysis of the rifampicin-isoniazid reaction resulting in 3- formylrifamycin isonicotinyl hydrazone (HYD) as a degradation product. In the mixtures containing lactose Supertab® DSC curves evidenced incompatibility among drugs and excipient. In the DSC curves of mixtures containing cellulose MC101®, magnesium stearate and talc, no alterations were observed comparing to the drug profiles. The TG/DTG of the binary and ternary mixtures curves showed different thermogravimetrics profiles relating that observed to the drug isolated, with the thermal decomposition early supporting the evidences of incompatibilities showed in the DSC and DTA curves

Juventude rural e projetos de vida: a experiência do consórcio social da juventude rural em São João do Sabugi

The presented research however has as object to apprehend the contribution of the Social Trust of Agricultural Youth in Is João of the Sabugi, in the individual and collective projects of life of the agricultural young. In it interests to know them which are the dreams and desires of these young, its relation with familiar agriculture, its desires of permanence in the field, as well as the relation of the trust with the fortalecimento of its projects of life. Thus, the general objective is to argue the contribution and influence of the Social Trust of Agricultural Youth in Is João of the Sabugi, in the individual and collective projects of life of the young of the city. The construction of the subject on agricultural youth to the contact with the land and the work in familiar agriculture were one strong expression identified in this research, exactly leading in consideration that nor all possess the desire to remain young agricultural , or at least young agriculturists. For the young, agricultural being is express through not only the contact with the agricultural work, but also the process of sociability, formation of affective bows, possibilities of new learnings, valuation of the agricultural way and its potentialities, of that the corporeal property and cultural is possible to be young in the agricultural way with access, historicamente denied

Tecendo os fios de rede: juventude e produção de si em projetos sociais.

The study is about youthful subjectivities in quarters, of the West Zone of Natal-RN, marked for lacks and contingencies that constitute the everyday life of the social existence of its young inhabitants. For this purpose the researchers selected two youth groups: the Association of Youths Constructing Dreams (in the quarter of Felipe Camarão) and Lelo Melodia Crew (Quarter of Guarapes). Both are articulated through the strategy of coalition in regional and national nets. The hypothesis is that inside the groups and nets new youthful citizens arises. That would be a change in the representation of poor youth: from 1980 s street children - young whose social stigma associated poverty and crime to late 1990 s kids of project (pointing their trajectory in social projects) or, in present days, called as young peripherals - for the enrollment in cultural movements, as the hip hop movement - These new young citizens are contributing to new social imagery significations on poor youths. The methodology encloses: a) focal group; b) participant research analyzing the making arts (ways to think, social daily practices, actions engaged in a diversity plans) of youth groups; c) life stories of some of the youngs produced in workshops; d) not structuralized interviews. d) several documents of the groups; e) local and national surveys. Results emphasize a feeling of opening to a project of autonomy in relation to a social system that leaves them in a situation of social precariousness. Conclusion remarks that such practices of the youthful groups through the art, leisure, sport and culture unfold politics effect so that can point innovative forms of politics participation on the part of this specific segment of poor youths of Brasilian country, although conflicts and paradoxes crosses individual citizens, youth groups and youth nets.

A política pública de segurança em Mossoró-RN: uma avaliação de processo da implantação da guarda civil (2009-2013)

The subject of public safety is part of the academic and popular discussions, due to several factors that act in society culminating in an increasing criminality. The importance of the evaluation of public policies in this context consists in a possible control tool, monitoring and necessary adjustments to the government to make the necessary changes. Given this reality, it is thought the research problem: how Mossoró (RN) city has implemented his public security policy? In general guideline of the research, we work with the following hypothesis: the own formulation of the National Policy of Public Safety there are elements that hinder the implementation of a public policy of municipal security in Mossoró. The objective of this research is to evaluate the existing security public policy in the city of Mossoró, by the elements that facilitate and/or hamper its implementation, through the actions of municipal government in the activities of the Mossoro Civil Guard (GCM). For this, a review of the implementation process was conducted, specifically its subprocesses of selection, training, and logistical or operational. Was used bibliographical research, documental primary and secondary, and field research, with conducting of interviews. It was found that with a staff of 197 guards, and with five years of creation, the actions developed by this institution refer to an early implementation of the municipal security policy. The guard has the basic pattern selection, part of function relocation and part of public tender. The formation occurs in an introductory way, however, not complete and specific, for the function performance. Its operability is limited by the number of existing effective and by the physical structure that has not matching the demand yet, which touches on the municipal budgetary reality of direct resource intended to safety. It was found the absence of a municipal plan of public security with principles, guidelines and goals that could direct the actions of the guard. It is concluded that despite of the implementation of the GCM Mossoró have not achieved, within the parameters of efficiency, efficacy and effectiveness have played their actions, projects and programs, it could trigger a process of opening for construction of a municipal security policy. As well as break with the paradigm of municipal actions just meant for surveillance of public property, interaction affirmative for the prevention of violence and crime

Desenvolvimento energético e energia eólica na ordem jurídica do Brasil: aspectos Institucionais e Socioambientais

A conformação do desenvolvimento propugnado pela Constituição Federal de 1988 como objetivo fundamental da república, certamente perpassa pela racionalização das questões energéticas e pela diversificação da matriz nacional enquanto estratégia de aprovisionamento. O desenvolvimento energético em toda a sua complexidade deve ser alicerçado não em uma relação de contraposição à sustentabilidade, mas cooperativismo normativo e de projetos sociais que objetivam a melhorias para a população nestes dois seguimentos. O advento das energias renováveis nesse contexto se consolida como uma alternativa viável, apesar do tratamento dado pela Lei Maior ao tema ter sido apenas com relação à geração em pequena escala. A interpretação sistemática dos postulados da ordem econômica e as exigências da sociedade estimulam o aproveitamento dos potenciais renováveis em escala comercial e regional, além do fortalecimento nos segmentos de autoprodução e produção independente. Dentre as energias tratadas como prioritárias neste contexto, a eólica revela-se como carecedora de aprofundamento das estruturas dogmáticas de sua positivação, que envolve um vasto manancial de regras pulverizadas na regulação econômica do setor elétrico e no controle ambiental. Esta textura submete os empreendimentos elioelétricos aos instrumentos da política nacional do meio ambiente e às determinações do poder concedente dos serviços de energia elétrica, responsável pela pormenorização da geração, transmissão, distribuição e comercialização de energia, independentemente da fonte primária utilizada no processo de transformação. Tratar destas questões com o compromisso na formulação de raciocínios críticos e propositivos, especialmente acerca de temas como a liberdade energética e controle de mercado, é imperioso para superar juridicamente as limitações presentes inclusive no discurso da delimitação de marcos normativos adequados. Havendo vantagens ambientais, tecnológicas e comerciais na exploração da energia cinética do vento como propulsora do desenvolvimento no modelo civilizatório estabelecido, cumpre também ao Estado dar a sua contribuição setorial na forma de incentivos, desburocratização e aprimoramento do modelo concorrencial. O estudo adota os métodos histórico-evolutivo, dialético e sistêmico de abordagem, encarando as hipóteses formuladas no aspecto das consequências multilaterais que as soluções encontradas apontam, exigindo que a estabilização de expectativas sociais por parte do ordenamento jurídico não ignorem o sentido material cognitivamente aberto do desenvolvimento. Hodiernamente, a perspectiva de desenvolvimento energético alia tendências econômicas e tecnológicas em favor das fontes alternativas mais eficientes, revelando a energia eólica como uma representante adequada em termos pragmáticos de normatização e preservação ambiental

Pedagogia de projetos e etnomatemática: caminhos e diálogos na zona rural de Mossoró - RN

Teaching Mathematics in a contextualized and significant manner, in the world of the child and the adolescent, requires a solid theoretical and methodological basis on the part of the researcher. The present work found this foundation in two ways: teaching with projects and ethnomathematics. It is understood that these ways have points in common, such as: the real, interdisciplinarity, teaching methods, flexibility in sequencing the curriculum and interactive learning. This makes possible a theoretical cross-fertilization, which is important for the teaching/learning of Mathematics. Those points are merged in the present proposal, making possible new strategies, distinct from those of the Traditional Teaching Methodology and giving raise to an Alternative Teaching Methodology, which is to be lived in the Mathematics classrooms. This work gives a new direction to teaching, going beyond the traditional forms of education by allowing the teaching of Mathematics to become integrated with other school subjects, resulting in significant learning. In order to implement the proposal, it is necessary to form partnerships with teachers, pupils and the whole community, so that the way can be traced by continual dialogue

Professoras e projetos: concepções e práticas no ensino fundamental

The discussion we have established in this study is about how the practice is developing educational projects based on work with because the methodological choice of the teacher. The study of an ethnographic qualitative approach was conducted with a group of six teachers in two public schools in School Administrative Zone north of the city of Natal / RN. Data were constructed from semi-structured, reinforced by the direct observation of the practice of teaching of teachers. The goals outlined were to identify the reasons why the option for the project, listing the benchmarks that subsidized their construction, the observation of everyday experience in educational planning and development of projects developed. In the light of information we can notice a complex and even contradictory, which is confusing the concepts and practices are weakened. The analysis revealed inconsistencies between theory and practice in working with projects, the fruit of little theoretical development of teachers. The adoption of the project as a methodological option has meant a change in direction of the effective action didactic. Reflects on this situation, it was concluded that there is a need to broaden the understanding of the significance of this type of work, covering the different dimensions that involve the practice of research, research and training of teachers. Even preventing the intentions and initiatives of the teachers, it must be emphasized is the process of learning within an approach that focuses the process of learning in multiple dimensions, inter-relational, both the capabilities of students in the areas of knowledge.

Eficácia de uma nova formulação de glifosato para o controle de grama-seda (Cynodon dactylon), em pomar de citros.

Avaliou-se a eficácia do herbicida glifosato potássico, comparado ao sulfosato e ao glifosato amínico, utilizados como padrões comerciais. Os herbicidas foram aplicados em um pomar de laranja da variedade Pêra-rio, infestado por grama-seda (Cynodon dactylon) com aproximadamente 25 cm de altura, em 70% da área. O experimento foi instalado no município de Taiúva-SP, em solo Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo, distrófico, de textura arenosa, com relevo suave ondulado. Os tratamentos testados foram: glifosato potássico (ZAPP Qi) a 1,05; 2,10 e 2,50 kg e.a./ha, sulfosato (ZAPP) e glifosato amínico (ROUNDUP CS) a 1,98 e 2,16 kg e.a./ha, respectivamente, além da testemunha sem capina. Os herbicidas foram aplicados em pós-emergência da planta daninha, com pulverizador costal, à pressão constante (mantida por CO2 comprimido) de 2,5 kg/cm², munido de barra com seis bicos de jato plano (leque) DG 11002, com um consumo de calda equivalente a 200 L/ha. Os melhores resultados de controle foram obtidos com 2,5 kg e.a./ha do glifosato potássico, que também garantiu menor brotação da grama-seda. No entanto, a dosagem de 2,10 kg e.a./ha deste mesmo herbicida não foi menos eficaz que o sulfosato e o glifosato, com 1,98 e 2,16 kg e.a./ha, respectivamente.

Diferentes critérios de formulação de rações para frangos de corte no período de 1 a 21 dias de idade

Dois experimentos foram realizados com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes critérios de formulação de rações, baseados em aminoácidos totais e digestíveis, para frangos de corte no período de 1 a 21 dias de idade. As dietas foram formuladas para atender às exigências de metionina, metionina+cistina, lisina e treonina. No primeiro experimento, foram utilizados 800 pintos machos, Hubbard, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 4 critérios de formulação, para atender às exigências em aminoácidos totais - NRC (1994), Rostagno et al. (1992), Degussa (1997) e AEC (1993), com 4 repetições de 50 aves. No segundo experimento, foram utilizados 600 pintos machos, Cobb, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 3 critérios de formulação, para atender às exigências em aminoácidos digestíveis - Rostagno et al. (2000), Baker & Han (1994) e Degussa (1997), com 4 repetições de 50 aves. Foram avaliados ganho de peso, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram não haver diferença no desempenho das aves ao serem alimentadas com diferentes critérios de formulação baseados em aminoácidos totais. Ao formular dietas com aminoácidos digestíveis, o padrão estabelecido por Baker & Han (1994) resultaram em melhor desempenho das aves no período avaliado.

Construindo um modelo de referência ao despertar do interesse dos sujeitos em projetos educativos em ambiente on-line

This dissertation was written for the making of a model to be used as reference to the construction and diagnoses of educational projects in on-line environments. The model approaches a series of characteristics, technical and humans, which if considered can increase the potential of awake the interests to the active use of these projects for the students and build conditions to the development of an active posture by the students, fundamental factor to the educational advances. Focused in the students, not in the technology in use, we propose this model as a guide, reference to be used in a critical way in relation with every educational context. This research was made from the qualitative category, trough the method of study of case, using as reference to the analysis the use of the website guanabara.info - website outside of the school context - by it users, heard through the internet, by the use of semi-opened interview, in a data taken of the primary type. We follow as theoretical references Paulo Freire´s work, considering his vision of education and the building of knowledge as a process which occurs between man, and Celestín Freinet, in his pedagogy of humanized and critical insertion of the technologies in the school. At the end, we show the practical utilization of the model constructed using it for the diagnostics of an educational project in the on-line educational environmental moodle

Por trás de links, sempre existem pessoas: o anonimato como fator de pertencimento no uso de redes sociais on-line em projetos educacionais

The thesis investigated how social networks online that allows anonymous postings can be used by teachers and students to promote the meeting between the sexual education and the needs and expectations of young people face a crosscutting theme, remarkably a taboo. It needs teaching strategies more efficient than those traditionally defended. With this experience, found in a short course about sexuality and health, we sought to go beyond the use of social networks for social entertainment, showing they can be an field that favors the process of teaching and learning. The research was based on the convergence of the communication concepts from Paulo Frere and another from Jürgen Habermas, as well as the philosophical concepts of utopia, ideology and dialectic are interrelated not only among themselves, but also inside an education field. Methodologically in this thesis, we adopted the category of qualitative research; the method is a combination of case study with action research. The technique was the use of questionnaires, data collection was in attendance and the types of data were primary. Finally, we present, then, the idea the communication is not in the middle, but in the trusty relationship established between the interlocutors. In this way, we can think when a student has met their need to be able answer his questions about sex with their teacher through an online social network that allows anonymity and through which the student knows who responds is their teacher, but the teacher can not distinguish the identity of his students, this dialogic relationship serves to get claims of the validity that are characterized as potential communicative action

Redução do nível protéico da dieta, através da formulação baseada em aminoácidos digestíveis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)