Modeling of the cooling process on the runout table of a hot strip mill - A parallel approach

This paper deals with the development of a new model for the cooling process on the runout table of hot strip mills, The suitability of different numerical methods for the solution of the proposed model equation from the point of view of accuracy and computation time are studied, Parallel solutions for the model equation are proposed.

Cavitation in holographic sQGP

We study the possibility of cavitation in the non-conformal N = 2* SU(N) theory which is a mass deformation of N = 4 SU(N) Yang-Mills theory. The second order transport coefficients are known from the numerical work using AdS/CFT by Buchel and collaborators. Using these and the approach of Rajagopal and Tripuraneni, we investigate the flow equations in a (1 + 1)-dimensional boost invariant set up. We find that the string theory model does not exhibit cavitation before phase transition is reached. We give a semi-analytic explanation of this finding. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Withania somnifera reverses Alzheimer's disease pathology by enhancing low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein in liver

A 30-d course of oral administration of a semipurified extract of the root of Withania somnifera consisting predominantly of withanolides and withanosides reversed behavioral deficits, plaque pathology, accumulation of beta-amyloid peptides (A beta) and oligomers in the brains of middle-aged and old APP/PS1 Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice. It was similarly effective in reversing behavioral deficits and plaque load in APPSwInd mice (line J20). The temporal sequence involved an increase in plasma A beta and a decrease in brain A beta monomer after 7 d, indicating increased transport of A beta from the brain to the periphery. Enhanced expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) in brain microvessels and the A beta-degrading protease neprilysin (NEP) occurred 14-21 d after a substantial decrease in brain A beta levels. However, significant increase in liver LRP and NEP occurred much earlier, at 7 d, and were accompanied by a rise in plasma sLRP, a peripheral sink for brain A beta. In WT mice, the extract induced liver, but not brain, LRP and NEP and decreased plasma and brain A beta, indicating that increase in liver LRP and sLRP occurring independent of A beta concentration could result in clearance of A beta. Selective down-regulation of liver LRP, but not NEP, abrogated the therapeutic effects of the extract. The remarkable therapeutic effect of W. somnifera mediated through up-regulation of liver LRP indicates that targeting the periphery offers a unique mechanism for A beta clearance and reverses the behavioral deficits and pathology seen in Alzheimer's disease models.

Shear sum rules at finite chemical potential

We derive sum rules which constrain the spectral density corresponding to the retarded propagator of the T-xy component of the stress tensor for three gravitational duals. The shear sum rule is obtained for the gravitational dual of the N = 4 Yang-Mills, theory of the M2-branes and M5-branes all at finite chemical potential. We show that at finite chemical potential there are additional terms in the sum rule which involve the chemical potential. These modifications are shown to be due to the presence of scalars in the operator product expansion of the stress tensor which have non-trivial vacuum expectation values at finite chemical potential.

Application of a modified jogged-screw model for creep of titanium aluminides: evaluation of the key substructural parameters

A modification of the jogged-screw model has been adopted recently by the authors to explain observations of 1/2[110]-type jogged-screw dislocations in equiaxed Ti-48Al under creep conditions. The aim of this study has been to verify and validate the parameters and functional dependencies that have been assumed in this previous work. The original solution has been reformulated to take into account the finite length of the moving jog. This is a better approximation of the tall jog. The substructural model parameters have been further investigated in light of the Finite Length Moving Line (FLML) source approximation. The original model assumes that the critical jog height (beyond which the jog is not dragged) is inversely proportional to the applied stress. By accounting for the fact that there are three competing mechanisms (jog dragging, dipole dragging, dipole bypass) possible, we can arrive at a modified critical jog height. The critical jog height was found to be more strongly stress dependent than assumed previously. The original model assumes the jog spacing to be invariant over the stress range. However, dynamic simulation using a line tension model has shown that the jog spacing is inversely proportional to the applied stress. This has also been confirmed by TEM measurements of jog spacings over a range of stresses. Taylor's expression assumed previously to provide the dependence of dislocation density on the applied stress, has now been confirmed by actual dislocation density measurements. Combining all of these parameters and dependencies, derived both from experiment and theory, leads to an excellent prediction of creep rates and stress exponents. The further application of this model to other materials, and the important role of atomistic and dislocation dynamics simulations in its continued development is also discussed.

EFFECT OF OFF-STOICHIOMETRY AND TERNARY ADDITIONS ON PLANAR FAULT ENERGIES IN Ni3Al

First principles calculations were done to evaluate the lattice parameter, cohesive energy and stacking fault energies of ordered gamma' (Ll(2)) precipitates in superalloys as a function of composition. It was found that addition of Ti and Ta lead to an increase in lattice parameter and decrease in cohesive energy, while Ni antisites had the opposite effect. Ta and Ti addition to stoichiometric Ni3Al resulted in an initial increase in the energies of APB((111)), CSF(111), APB((001)) and SISF(111). However, at higher concentrations, the fault energies decreased. Addition of Ni antisites decreased the energy of all four faults monotonically. A model based on nearest neighbor bonding was used for Ni-3(Al, Ta), Ni-3(Al, Ti) and Ni-3(Al, Ni) pseudo-binary systems and extended to pseudo- ternary Ni-3(Al, Ta, Ni) and Ni-3(Al, Ti, Ni) systems. Recipes were developed for predicting lattice parameters, cohesive energies and fault energies in pseudo- ternary systems on the basis of coefficients derived from simpler pseudobinary systems. The model predictions were found to be in good agreement with first principles calculations for lattice parameters, cohesive energies, and energies of APB((111)) and CSF(111).

A matrix model for QCD

Gribov's observation that global gauge fixing is impossible has led to suggestions that there may be a deep connection between gauge fixing and confinement. We find an unexpected relation between the topological nontriviality of the gauge bundle and colored states in SU(N) Yang-Mills theory, and show that such states are necessarily impure. We approximate QCD by a rectangular matrix model that captures the essential topological features of the gauge bundle, and demonstrate the impure nature of colored states explicitly. Our matrix model also allows the inclusion of the QCD theta-term, as well as to perform explicit computations of low-lying glueball masses. This mass spectrum is gapped. Since an impure state cannot evolve to a pure one by a unitary transformation, our result shows that the solution to the confinement problem in pure QCD is fundamentally quantum information-theoretic.

Conformal perturbation theory and higher spin entanglement entropy on the torus

We study the free fermion theory in 1+1 dimensions deformed by chemical potentials for holomorphic, conserved currents at finite temperature and on a spatial circle. For a spin-three chemical potential mu, the deformation is related at high temperatures to a higher spin black hole in hs0] theory on AdS(3) spacetime. We calculate the order mu(2) corrections to the single interval Renyi and entanglement entropies on the torus using the bosonized formulation. A consistent result, satisfying all checks, emerges upon carefully accounting for both perturbative and winding mode contributions in the bosonized language. The order mu(2) corrections involve integrals that are finite but potentially sensitive to contact term singularities. We propose and apply a prescription for defining such integrals which matches the Hamiltonian picture and passes several non-trivial checks for both thermal corrections and the Renyi entropies at this order. The thermal corrections are given by a weight six quasi-modular form, whilst the Renyi entropies are controlled by quasi-elliptic functions of the interval length with modular weight six. We also point out the well known connection between the perturbative expansion of the partition function in powers of the spin-three chemical potential and the Gross-Taylor genus expansion of large-N Yang-Mills theory on the torus. We note the absence of winding mode contributions in this connection, which suggests qualitatively different entanglement entropies for the two systems.

Direct numerical test of the B-G-K model equation by the DSMC method

In the present paper the rarefied gas how caused by the sudden change of the wall temperature and the Rayleigh problem are simulated by the DSMC method which has been validated by experiments both in global flour field and velocity distribution function level. The comparison of the simulated results with the accurate numerical solutions of the B-G-K model equation shows that near equilibrium the BG-K equation with corrected collision frequency can give accurate result but as farther away from equilibrium the B-G-K equation is not accurate. This is for the first time that the error caused by the B-G-K model equation has been revealed.

Teorías de elección racional : el caso del Frente Amplio y las plantas de celulosa

El presente artículo hace foco sobre la campaña electoral del Frente Amplio de 2004, y busca determinar en qué medida las estrategias electorales adoptadas impactaron sobre la forma en que esa fuerza política se definió, a lo largo de ella, acerca de la posible instalación de dos plantas de celulosa en las cercanías de Fray Bentos. En ese sentido, se afirma que se habrían implementado dos estrategias complementarias. Por un lado, una moderación de posiciones con el fin de ampliar la tradicional base electoral de izquierda. Por otro lado, una estrategia de indefinición frente a determinadas cuestiones con el fin de no activar diversas contradicciones internas. Este rumbo de acción fue el escogido frente a la cuestión de las plantas de celulosa. La ausencia de una postura oficial permitió que los distintos elementos constituyentes de la coalición se expidieran libremente sobre la cuestión. Si bien eran mayoritarios los sectores favorables a los emprendimientos, sus detractores sostendrían un papel mucho más activo, dando posteriormente lugar a interpretaciones erróneas acerca de la posición asumida por el Frente Amplio a lo largo del período estudiado.

Nancy Cartwright, millian and/or aristotelian

Abstract: Nancy Cartwright understands scientific explanation in terms of stable causes which she calls “capacities” or “natures”. She has been criticized for her interpretation of Mill’s tendencies, for her stress on individual causes, for the contrast between her empiricism and her metaphysical approach, and for her “local realism”. This paper will analyze those criticisms and will argue that a greater reliance on Aristotle might help to answer them and consolidate her proposals. Note that Cartwright is more skeptical about the possibilities of causal explanation in the social realm than about its possibilities in natural science. The paper thus also examines Aristotelian social capacities and provides some Aristotelian arguments for Cartwright’s skepticism about our knowledge of them and our using them to arrive at social scientific explanations.

缺陷连续统理论及其在本构方程研究中的应用 Ⅱ.缺陷的规范场理论

详细评述了缺陷连续统的规范场理论,该理论是近代材料科学和固体力学中新发展起来颇有意义的一个分支。首先强调了Noether定理及其逆定理在构造缺陷规范场理论中的重要性。同时基于Yang-Mills普适规范场构造,包括对SO(3)T(3)群的最小替换和最小耦合原理,系统地介绍了Golebiewska-Lasota,Edelen,Kadic和Edelen等人的原始性工作及他们的贡献。本文表明,Kadic和Edelen的理论是基于一组缺陷动力学的线性连续性方程发展起来的,不能和关于缺陷场的现有几何理论完全协调起来。考虑到这一点,本文提供了另一种方法来建立非线性弹性规范场的相应理论,这里考虑了Poincaré规范群SO(3)T(3).采用类似于研究引力场理论的Kibble方法,导出了缺陷连续统的拉氏密度。非完整坐标变换和非欧联络系数在数学上完全等价于子Poincaré群SO(3)T(3)的规范场。因此,本文的规范场理论和4维物质流形的缺陷场的非线性几何理论是完全一致的,并证明在弱缺陷条件下,可以简化到Kadic和Edelen的结果。