Situaci??n profesional y necesidades formativas de los titulados universitarios de Asturias

A. Conocer cual es la situaci??n laboral en que se encuentran los titulados por la Universidad de Oviedo. B. Identificar los campos profesionales a los que se dirigen los egresados de la Universidad, as?? como constatar en qu?? medida estas tendencias est??n relacionadas con las caracter??sticas acad??micas. C. Poner de manifiesto las opiniones que tienen, aquellos que han terminado sus Estudios Superiores, respecto de la formaci??n recibida y de la instituci??n encargada de la misma. D. Establecer un canal informativo que permita adoptar pautas de acci??n basadas en las necesidades percibidas. E. Conocer el punto de vista de los empleadores y de las agrupaciones profesionales sobre las necesidades formativas de los titulados. 1143 titulados universitarios del distrito de Oviedo que han terminado sus estudios en los ultimos seis a??os (1984-1989), 150 empleadores y un grupo de profesionales vinculados a estudios sobre el tema. Esta investigaci??n: 1. Se plantea en torno a dos aspectos relativos a los titulados universitarios de Asturias: 1. Su situaci??n profesional y 2. Sus necesidades formativas. A. Es de tipo descriptivo. B. Se analizan cuestiones metodol??gicas, cuestiones relativas al ejercicio profesional, el empleo y la universidad. C. Se revisan las necesidades formativas en universitarios. D. La muestra de titulados ha sido seleccionada atendiendo al sexo, el a??o de graduaci??n y la titulaci??n universitaria. E. Las variables estudiadas son, entre otras, la situaci??n socioecon??mica de los titulados, su situaci??n laboral, v??as de acceso al empleo, etc. Cuestionarios: a) Qu?? opinan los titulados universitarios. b) De evaluaci??n. c) Necesidades formativas de t??cnicos y titulados universitarios. Porcentajes y gr??ficos. Respecto a la situaci??n laboral de los titulados, se observan diferencias en funci??n de la carrera estudiada y del sexo: la inserci??n profesional es m??s r??pida y existe una mejor retribuci??n en el caso de los titulados en carreras tecnol??gicas y experimentales que en los de Humanidades y Sociales y resulta menos dificil para los varones que para las mujeres. En general, los graduados, especialmente los de Humanidades y Sociales, piensan que una titulaci??n universitaria no capacita para ejercer una profesi??n y son partidarios de un reciclaje en su formaci??n. Tanto para los titulados como para los empleadores los problemas principales que se plantean son la masificaci??n, las dificultades para realizar pr??cticas y la separaci??n entre la universidad y la empresa. Desde esta perspectiva, las necesidades formativas que se detectan son el reciclaje, cursos de postgrado y la pr??ctica laboral.

Un estudio sobre un cuestionario de personalidad : VTC.

1)Constatar la importancia que tienen los componentes o factores de la personalidad en Pedagogía. 2) Agrupar y analizar aquellos términos que Reimplein ha creado para designar los distintos fenómenos anímicos propios de la personalidad humana. Estudio empírico de tres dimensiones de la personalidad: vitalidad, temperamento y carácter. Este trabajo no hace excesivo hincapié en términos generales de vitalidad, temperamento y carácter, sino que se centra más directamente en el análisis de sus diversas manifestaciones (cualidades básicas y secundarias explicadas en sus rasgos positivo y negativo), que recoge bajo el nombre de variables. Partiendo de los resultados dados, de la aplicación del cuestionario V.T.C. a estudiantes de Magisterio, y de las correlaciones que el ordenador da, a través de la correlación de Pearson, se dedica principalmente a ver las relaciones que existen entre esas cualidades básicas y secundarias, así como su continuidad psíquica. 1) La vitalidad se confirma como dimensión sustitutiva, es decir, en ella se encuentran las raíces existenciales constitutivas del vivir personal. 2) El temperamento se reafirma como dimensión reactiva, que dispone a la comunicación, y a la presencia de la persona en el mundo. 3) El carácter corrobora como dimensión intencional-operativa ante los valores. Es decir, el aspirar, sentir y querer esos valores. 4) Estas tres dimensiones se manifiestan o presentan interrelacionadas e interdependientes en la formación de esa unidad superior que constituyen. 5) Las correlaciones vienen a expresar y a poner de manifiesto cómo nuestra vida anímica no se acaba con lo que queda reflejado en la superficie de la conciencia (carácter), sino que esto tiene sus trasfondos y sus subfondos que llegan hasta las sombras del inconsciente (vitalidad y temperamento).6) El análisis factorial recoge la presencia simultánea de vitalidad, temperamento y carácter en diversos factores. Esto confirma una unidad tridimensional de la personalidad, con el consiguiente recíproco condicionamiento entre los niveles de personalidad.

Pol??gono Sur de Alcal?? de Guadaira

Motivar a los padres por la educaci??n de sus hijos, as?? como elevar su nivel cultural que contribuya a la integraci??n de sus padres en un proceso asociativo que fomente acci??n tendentes a dar soluci??n a los problemas del barrio en materia educacional y a su participaci??n en el funcionamiento del centro escolar a trav??s de las asociaciones de padres y consejos escolares. Incrementar el n??mero de servicios que presta el colegio con el fin de aumentar el inter??s de los padres por la asistencia de sus hijos al colegio as?? como de ??stos, a trav??s de una serie de actividades l??dicas y formativas, al margen del car??cter te??rico de la educaci??n actual, que fomente la participaci??n de los ni??os en su centro escolar. Mejorar la realidad socio-familiar de los ni??os en situaci??n de alto riesgo que favorezca su normalizaci??n a todos los niveles (educativo, personal, etc). Muestra de 871 alumnos, un 12 por ciento con absentismo escolar y un 30 por ciento con fracaso escolar. Etapa de concienciaci??n a los padres a trav??s de circulares, carteles anunciadores una emisora, y reuniones. Para los ni??os una vez realizada la ??tapa de concienciaci??n talleres: manualidades y dibujo, competiciones deportivas, proyecci??n de pel??culas, representaciones teatrales, excursiones. Material visual, cassettes, v??deo-c??mara y proyector de diapositivas, 7 aulas acondicionadas, 6 ordenadores, 6 m??quinas de escribir. Disminuci??n del ??ndice de absentismo escolar en un 2 por ciento. Aumentar la participaci??n de los padres en el proyecto educativo. Fomento de la creatividad de los ni??os. La participaci??n de los padres fue importante pero quedaba reducida a un 12-15 por ciento del total. Los problemas socio-familiares de fondo siguen constituyendo un freno para la plena escolarizaci??n e integraci??n de los ni??os en el colegio. Por ello una pol??tica adecuada de protecci??n de menores en la que se interviniera sobre ni??os en situaci??n de alto riesgo, y, con ello, la potenciaci??n de las familias de acogida y hogares funcionales como medidas de presi??n para los padres, quiz??s podr??a reducir la situaci??n de abandono y desamparo que sufren muchos ni??os de la zona.

El alfabeto ib??rico

Se analiza una de las lagunas del mundo ib??rico: su lengua. Por ahora no ha sido descifrada y se desconoce su origen. Aunque los tres grupos principales del alfabeto ib??rico (la escritura del suroeste, la meridional y la levantina) coinciden en sus rasgos b??sicos, se observan algunas diferencias. Los textos m??s antiguos se remontan al siglo V a.C. y los m??s recientes llegan hasta principios de nuestra era. La lengua ??bera se escribi?? en tres escrituras diferentes: Alfabeto griego, Alfabeto latino y Alfabeto ??bero. Su variante levantina fue descifrada en 1922 por Manuel G??mez-Moreno Mart??nez, mientras que las primeras lecturas correctas del meridional fueron realizadas por Ulrich Schmoll en 1961. La romanizaci??n propici?? que el empleo de la escritura ib??rica fuera desapareciendo junto con una progresiva latinizaci??n.

Pressure-jump-induced kinetics reveals a hydration dependent folding/unfolding mechanism of ribonuclease A

Pressure-jump (p-jump)-induced relaxation kinetics was used to explore the energy landscape of protein folding/unfolding of Y115W, a fluorescent variant of ribonuclease A. Pressure-jumps of 40MPa amplitude (5ms dead-time) were conducted both to higher (unfolding) and to lower (folding) pressure, in the range from 100 to 500MPa, between 30 and 50°C. Significant deviations from the expected symmetrical protein relaxation kinetics were observed. Whereas downward p-jumps resulted always in single exponential kinetics, the kinetics induced by upward p-jumps were biphasic in the low pressure range and monophasic at higher pressures. The relative amplitude of the slow phase decreased as a function of both pressure and temperature. At 50°C, only the fast phase remained. These results can be interpreted within the framework of a two-dimensional energy surface containing a pressure- and temperature-dependent barrier between two unfolded states differing in the isomeric state of the Asn-113–Pro-114 bond. Analysis of the activation volume of the fast kinetic phase revealed a temperature-dependent shift of the unfolding transition state to a larger volume. The observed compensation of this effect by glycerol offers an explanation for its protein stabilizing effect

The ERA-40 re-analysis

ERA-40 is a re-analysis of meteorological observations from September 1957 to August 2002 produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) in collaboration with many institutions. The observing system changed considerably over this re-analysis period, with assimilable data provided by a succession of satellite-borne instruments from the 1970s onwards, supplemented by increasing numbers of observations from aircraft, ocean-buoys and other surface platforms, but with a declining number of radiosonde ascents since the late 1980s. The observations used in ERA-40 were accumulated from many sources. The first part of this paper describes the data acquisition and the principal changes in data type and coverage over the period. It also describes the data assimilation system used for ERA-40. This benefited from many of the changes introduced into operational forecasting since the mid-1990s, when the systems used for the 15-year ECMWF re-analysis (ERA-15) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) re-analysis were implemented. Several of the improvements are discussed. General aspects of the production of the analyses are also summarized. A number of results indicative of the overall performance of the data assimilation system, and implicitly of the observing system, are presented and discussed. The comparison of background (short-range) forecasts and analyses with observations, the consistency of the global mass budget, the magnitude of differences between analysis and background fields and the accuracy of medium-range forecasts run from the ERA-40 analyses are illustrated. Several results demonstrate the marked improvement that was made to the observing system for the southern hemisphere in the 1970s, particularly towards the end of the decade. In contrast, the synoptic quality of the analysis for the northern hemisphere is sufficient to provide forecasts that remain skilful well into the medium range for all years. Two particular problems are also examined: excessive precipitation over tropical oceans and a too strong Brewer-Dobson circulation, both of which are pronounced in later years. Several other aspects of the quality of the re-analyses revealed by monitoring and validation studies are summarized. Expectations that the second-generation ERA-40 re-analysis would provide products that are better than those from the firstgeneration ERA-15 and NCEP/NCAR re-analyses are found to have been met in most cases. © Royal Meteorological Society, 2005. The contributions of N. A. Rayner and R. W. Saunders are Crown copyright.

KQQKQQ and the Kasparov-World Game

The 1999 Kasparov-World game for the first time enabled anyone to join a team playing against a World Chess Champion via the web. It included a surprise in the opening, complex middle-game strategy and a deep ending. As the game headed for its mysterious finale, the World Team re-quested a KQQKQQ endgame table and was provided with two by the authors. This paper describes their work, compares the methods used, examines the issues raised and summarises the concepts involved for the benefit of future workers in the endgame field. It also notes the contribution of this endgame to chess itself.

Simultaneous observations of reconnection pulses at Cluster and their effects on the cusp aurora seen at Chinese Yellow River Station

While the Cluster spacecraft were located near the high-latitude magnetopause, between 10:10 and 10:40 UT on 16 January 2004, three typical flux transfer event (FTE) signatures were observed. During this interval, simultaneous and conjugated all-sky camera measurements, recorded at Yellow River Station, Svalbard, are available at 630.0 and 557.7nm that show poleward-moving auroral forms (PMAFs), consistent with magnetic reconnection at dayside magnetopause. Simultaneous FTEs seen at the magnetopause mainly move northward, but having duskward (eastward) and tailward velocity components, roughly consistent with the observed direction of motion of the PMAFs in all-sky images. Between the PMAFs meridional keograms, extracted from the all-sky images, show intervals of lower intensity aurora which migrate equatorward just before the PMAFs intensify. This is strong evidence for an equatorward eroding and poleward moving open-closed boundary (OCB) associated with a variable magnetopause reconnection rate under variable IMF conditions. From the durations of the PMAFs we infer that the evolution time of FTEs is 5-11 minutes from its origin on magnetopause to its addition to the polar cap.

Effects of biosolids from tomato processing on soil fertility and wheat growth in a Greek alfisol

The effects of biosolids from tomato processing on soil properties and wheat growth were investigated in an Alfisol from central Greece. Biosolids were mixed with soil from the surface (Ap) or subsurface (Bt) horizon in plastic containers at rates of 1%, 5%, and 10% by dry weight (d.w.; equivalent to 10, 50, and 100 Mg ha–1). Biosolid treatments were compared to an NH4Cl application (50 mg N kg–1) and an untreated control in (1) a 102 d incubation experiment at 28°C to determine biosolid nitrification potential and (2) a 45 d outdoor experiment to evaluate effects on soil fertility and wheat growth. Mineralization of biosolids in the incubation experiment resulted in accumulation of nitrate-N and indicated that biosolids were able to supply N that was in excess of crop needs in treatments of 5% and 10%. After 45 d of wheat growth, available soil nutrients (N, P) and P uptake by wheat were distinctly lower in the Bt than in the Ap horizon. However, soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, total N, nitrate-N, extractable P, and exchangeable K increased with increasing rate of biosolid application in both soils. These were followed by corresponding increases in wheat nutrient uptake and biomass production, thus demonstrating the importance of this organic material for sustaining production in soils of low immediate fertility. Compared to the NH4Cl treatment (50 kg N ha–1 equivalent), biosolid application rates of 5% and 10% had higher available soil nutrients, similar or higher nutrient uptake and higher wheat biomass. But only an application of 10% biosolids provided sufficient N levels for wheat in the surface soil, and even higher applications were required for providing sufficient N and P in the Bt horizon.

In vitro cumulative gas production techniques: History, methodological considerations and challenges

Methodology used to measure in vitro gas production is reviewed to determine impacts of sources of variation on resultant gas production profiles (GPP). Current methods include measurement of gas production at constant pressure (e.g., use of gas tight syringes), a system that is inexpensive, but may be less sensitive than others thereby affecting its suitability in some situations. Automated systems that measure gas production at constant volume allow pressure to accumulate in the bottle, which is recorded at different times to produce a GPP, and may result in sufficiently high pressure that solubility of evolved gases in the medium is affected, thereby resulting in a recorded volume of gas that is lower than that predicted from stoichiometric calculations. Several other methods measure gas production at constant pressure and volume with either pressure transducers or sensors, and these may be manual, semi-automated or fully automated in operation. In these systems, gas is released as pressure increases, and vented gas is recorded. Agitating the medium does not consistently produce more gas with automated systems, and little or no effect of agitation was observed with manual systems. The apparatus affects GPP, but mathematical manipulation may enable effects of apparatus to be removed. The amount of substrate affects the volume of gas produced, but not rate of gas production, provided there is sufficient buffering capacity in the medium. Systems that use a very small amount of substrate are prone to experimental error in sample weighing. Effect of sample preparation on GPP has been found to be important, but further research is required to determine the optimum preparation that mimics animal chewing. Inoculum is the single largest source of variation in measuring GPP, as rumen fluid is variable and sampling schedules, diets fed to donor animals and ratios of rumen fluid/medium must be selected such that microbial activity is sufficiently high that it does not affect rate and extent of fermentation. Species of donor animal may also cause differences in GPP. End point measures can be mathematically manipulated to account for species differences, but rates of fermentation are not related. Other sources of inocula that have been used include caecal fluid (primarily for investigating hindgut fermentation in monogastrics), effluent from simulated rumen fermentation (e.g., 'Rusitec', which was as variable as rumen fluid), faeces, and frozen or freeze-dried rumen fluid (which were both less active than fresh rumen fluid). Use of mixtures of cell-free enzymes, or pure cultures of bacteria, may be a way of increasing GPP reproducibility, while reducing reliance on surgically modified animals. However, more research is required to develop these inocula. A number of media have been developed which buffer the incubation and provide relevant micro-nutrients to the microorganisms. To date, little research has been completed on relationships between the composition of the medium and measured GPP. However, comparing GPP from media either rich in N or N-free, allows assessment of contributions of N containing compounds in the sample. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Inter-laboratory variation of in vitro cumulative gas production profiles of feeds using manual and automated methods

A study was conducted to estimate variation among laboratories and between manual and automated techniques of measuring pressure on the resulting gas production profiles (GPP). Eight feeds (molassed sugarbeet feed, grass silage, maize silage, soyabean hulls, maize gluten feed, whole crop wheat silage, wheat, glucose) were milled to pass a I mm screen and sent to three laboratories (ADAS Nutritional Sciences Research Unit, UK; Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research (IGER), UK; Wageningen University, The Netherlands). Each laboratory measured GPP over 144 h using standardised procedures with manual pressure transducers (MPT) and automated pressure systems (APS). The APS at ADAS used a pressure transducer and bottles in a shaking water bath, while the APS at Wageningen and IGER used a pressure sensor and bottles held in a stationary rack. Apparent dry matter degradability (ADDM) was estimated at the end of the incubation. GPP were fitted to a modified Michaelis-Menten model assuming a single phase of gas production, and GPP were described in terms of the asymptotic volume of gas produced (A), the time to half A (B), the time of maximum gas production rate (t(RM) (gas)) and maximum gas production rate (R-M (gas)). There were effects (P<0.001) of substrate on all parameters. However, MPT produced more (P<0.001) gas, but with longer (P<0.001) B and t(RM gas) (P<0.05) and lower (P<0.001) R-M gas compared to APS. There was no difference between apparatus in ADDM estimates. Interactions occurred between substrate and apparatus, substrate and laboratory, and laboratory and apparatus. However, when mean values for MPT were regressed from the individual laboratories, relationships were good (i.e., adjusted R-2 = 0.827 or higher). Good relationships were also observed with APS, although they were weaker than for MPT (i.e., adjusted R-2 = 0.723 or higher). The relationships between mean MPT and mean APS data were also good (i.e., adjusted R 2 = 0. 844 or higher). Data suggest that, although laboratory and method of measuring pressure are sources of variation in GPP estimation, it should be possible using appropriate mathematical models to standardise data among laboratories so that data from one laboratory could be extrapolated to others. This would allow development of a database of GPP data from many diverse feeds. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Combinatorial peptide ligand libraries and plant proteomics: a winning strategy at a price

The mechanism of action and properties of a solid-phase ligand library made of hexapeptides (combinatorial peptide ligand libraries or CPLL), for capturing the "hidden proteome", i.e. the low- and very low-abundance proteins constituting the vast majority of species in any proteome, as applied to plant tissues, are reviewed here. Plant tissues are notoriously recalcitrant to protein extraction and to proteome analysis. Firstly, rigid plant cell walls need to be mechanically disrupted to release the cell content and, in addition to their poor protein yield, plant tissues are rich in proteases and oxidative enzymes, contain phenolic compounds, starches, oils, pigments and secondary metabolites that massively contaminate protein extracts. In addition, complex matrices of polysaccharides, including large amount of anionic pectins, are present. All these species compete with the binding of proteins to the CPLL beads, impeding proper capture and identification / detection of low-abundance species. When properly pre-treated, plant tissue extracts are amenable to capture by the CPLL beads revealing thus many new species among them low-abundance proteins. Examples are given on the treatment of leaf proteins, of corn seed extracts and of exudate proteins (latex from Hevea brasiliensis). In all cases, the detection of unique gene products via CPLL capture is at least twice that of control, untreated sample.

The cell wall and secretory proteome of a tobacco cell line synthesising secondary wall

The utility of plant secondary cell wall biomass for industrial and biofuel purposes depends upon improving cellulose amount, availability and extractability. The possibility of engineering such biomass requires much more knowledge of the genes and proteins involved in the synthesis, modification and assembly of cellulose, lignin and xylans. Proteomic data are essential to aid gene annotation and understanding of polymer biosynthesis. Comparative proteomes were determined for secondary walls of stem xylem and transgenic xylogenic cells of tobacco and detected peroxidase, cellulase, chitinase, pectinesterase and a number of defence/cell death related proteins, but not marker proteins of primary walls such as xyloglucan endotransglycosidase and expansins. Only the corresponding detergent soluble proteome of secretory microsomes from the xylogenic cultured cells, subjected to ion-exchange chromatography, could be determined accurately since, xylem-specific membrane yields were of poor quality from stem tissue. Among the 109 proteins analysed, many of the protein markers of the ER such as BiP, HSP70, calreticulin and calnexin were identified, together with some of the biosynthetic enzymes and associated polypeptides involved in polymer synthesis. However 53% of these endomembrane proteins failed identification despite the use of two different MS methods, leaving considerable possibilities for future identification of novel proteins involved in secondary wall polymer synthesis once full genomic data are available.

The effects of spatial and temporal heterogeneity on the population dynamics of four animal species in a Danish landscape

Background: Variation in carrying capacity and population return rates is generally ignored in traditional studies of population dynamics. Variation is hard to study in the field because of difficulties controlling the environment in order to obtain statistical replicates, and because of the scale and expense of experimenting on populations. There may also be ethical issues. To circumvent these problems we used detailed simulations of the simultaneous behaviours of interacting animals in an accurate facsimile of a real Danish landscape. The models incorporate as much as possible of the behaviour and ecology of skylarks Alauda arvensis, voles Microtus agrestis, a ground beetle Bembidion lampros and a linyphiid spider Erigone atra. This allows us to quantify and evaluate the importance of spatial and temporal heterogeneity on the population dynamics of the four species. Results: Both spatial and temporal heterogeneity affected the relationship between population growth rate and population density in all four species. Spatial heterogeneity accounted for 23–30% of the variance in population growth rate after accounting for the effects of density, reflecting big differences in local carrying capacity associated with the landscape features important to individual species. Temporal heterogeneity accounted for 3–13% of the variance in vole, skylark and spider, but 43% in beetles. The associated temporal variation in carrying capacity would be problematic in traditional analyses of density dependence. Return rates were less than one in all species and essentially invariant in skylarks, spiders and beetles. Return rates varied over the landscape in voles, being slower where there were larger fluctuations in local population sizes. Conclusion: Our analyses estimated the traditional parameters of carrying capacities and return rates, but these are now seen as varying continuously over the landscape depending on habitat quality and the mechanisms of density dependence. The importance of our results lies in our demonstration that the effects of spatial and temporal heterogeneity must be accounted for if we are to have accurate predictive models for use in management and conservation. This is an area which until now has lacked an adequate theoretical framework and methodology.

Influence of mutations affecting gonadotropin production or responsiveness on expression of inhibin subunit mRNA and protein in the mouse ovary

Measurement of inhibins A and B in the serum of normal cyclic rodents has implicated FSH in the regulation of these peptides within the ovary. To extend these observations we have used a panel of mutant mice carrying mutations which affect either the production of, or the ability to respond to, FSH and LH. As a consequence, the females are infertile and show different degrees of follicular development. The aim of this study was to measure inhibin gene transcription in the ovaries of these mutant females together with inhibin protein levels in ovaries and serum and to relate these to follicular development within the ovary. Comparison was made with a pool of normal/heterozygous females. In hpg females where lack of GnRH production results in the absence of gonadotropin synthesis, in FSHbeta knockout (FSHbetaKO) females where disruption of the gene encoding FSHbeta results in the absence of FSH production, and in FSH receptor knockout (FSHRKO) females which are unable to respond to circulating FSH, follicular development remains at the pre-antral stage in these three mutants. Only in the hpg females were common inhibin alpha subunit mRNA levels significantly lower than normal. In these three mutants, however, mRNA levels for both the betaA and betaB subunits were extremely low compared with normal mice. At the protein level, neither inhibin A nor B was detected in the serum of these three mutants; however inhibin B, albeit at very low levels, was detectable within the ovaries. These observations confirm a major role for FSH in the control of transcription of the RA and betaB genes but suggest that the constitutive transcription of the alpha subunit is less dependent on FSH. In contrast, in LH receptor knockout (LuRKO) female mice inhibin betaA subunit mRNA levels were similar to those measured in normal/heterozygous females but levels of inhibin alpha and betaB subunit mRNAs were significantly higher than in the normal group. This was reflected in significantly higher inhibin B protein levels in ovaries and serum. An inability to respond to LH combined with high circulating levels of FSH leads to a high proportion of antral follicles in LuRKO females, with granulosa cells constituting the major cell type within the ovary. The high percentage of antral granulosa cells is likely to account for the significantly higher levels of inhibin B production in these ovaries.