Preservação do alvéolo pós-extracção: indicações, alterações biológicas, resultados clínicos

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz

Preditores socio-demográficos, clínicos e de saúde oral auto-percebida nos idosos

Poster apresentado nas XXIV Jornadas Internacionais de Medicina Dentária do ISCSEM, 4-5 Março 2015, Egas Moniz, Caparica, Portugal.

Benefícios clínicos da terapia de ressincronização cardíaca em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca e fibrilhação auricular

Objetivo: Verificar se os benefícios da TRC nos pacientes em FA são semelhantes aos benefícios nos pacientes em RS. População e Métodos: Estudaram-se 397 pacientes (137 em FA e 260 em RS), com ICC refratária à terapêutica médica, nos quais foi implantado um sistema para TRC, em 4 centros distintos. Incluíram-se os pacientes que, antes do procedimento, apresentavam FEVE ≤ 35% e perturbação da condução, com um QRS≥ 120ms e estivessem em Classe NYHA II a IV. Foram recolhidos os dados relativos às diversas características clínicas, eletrocardiográficas e ecocardiográficas dos pacientes antes da implantação e após o período de seguimento. Registaram-se ainda o número de internamentos por descompensação de IC, mortes e de MACE, ocorridos no período de seguimento. Avaliou-se a ocorrência de resposta ecocardiográfica e clínica (melhoria ≥ 1 classe NYHA). Resultados: Ambos os grupos apresentaram melhorias significativas e comparáveis a nível ecocardiográfico na remodelagem inversa e função ventricular e a nível clínico na classe funcional NYHA. Os pacientes com RS apresentaram redução significativa nos internamentos e maior sobrevida. Nos pacientes em FA, observou-se uma maior ocorrência de MACE. Quando se procedeu a ablação NAV nos pacientes em FA, obteve-se uma sobrevida para mortalidade total comparável à do RS. Por análise univariada, a presença de FA, a ausência de ablação NAV, género masculino, história familiar de morte súbita são preditores de mortalidade total e MACE. A história familiar de morte súbita e a HTP foram preditores de morte cardíaca. Na análise multivariada, apenas a idade, presença de FA, FEVE e NYHA pós-TRC foram preditores de mortalidade total. Os preditores de mortalidade cardíaca foram a FEVE, NYHA e diâmetro TD do VE pós-TRC. A FEVE e o diâmetro e volumes telesistólicos após a TRC revelaram-se capazes de predizer a resposta clínica pela melhoria da classe funcional NYHA Conclusão: Os pacientes em FA submetidos a TRC têm uma sobrevida semelhante aos pacientes em RS, se forem submetidos a ablação NAV. Porém, os benefícios na capacidade funcional e a nível ecocardiográfico são semelhantes aos pacientes em RS, independentemente da preseça da ablação NAV.

Acidente vascular cerebral perinatal: 11 casos clínicos

Introdução: Os acidentes vasculares cerebrais (AVC) são causa de epilepsia e perturbações do neurodesenvolvimento. Têm tido uma incidencia crescente atribuível em parte à melhoria das tecnicas de imagens cerebrais. Alguns diagnósticos são efectuados retrospectivamente após o periodo neonatal. O objectivo da presente serie de casos clínicos foi identificar factores comuns que possam facilitar o diagnóstico no período neonatal. Material e métodos: Estudo retrospectivo efectuado com base na consulta dos processos clinicos dos recém-nascidos, com diagnóstico de AVC entre um de Janeiro de 2003 e 31 de Dezembro de 2013. Resultados: Foram identificados onze casos de AVC perinatal, num total 28382 nados-vivos. Dois casos foram diagnosticados no periodo fetal e nove no periodo neonatal. As convulsões foram a manifestação clinica mais frequente (8 em 11 casos). A mediana da idade de diagnóstico foi um dia e variou entre um e nove dias. A ecografia transfontanelar mostrou alterações em sete casos. A ressonancia magnetica nuclear cranio-encefalica mostrou alterações em todos os casos. Cinco AVC foram arteriais isquemicos, quatro hemorragicos e dois tromboses dos seios venosos. Em seis casos foram identificadas possiveis causas. Foram observadas complicações e sequelas em quatro dos casos. Discussão: As convulsões foram a manifestação clinica mais frequentemente encontrada.Em recém-nascidos de termo com convulsões sem historia de asfixia intraparto o AVC perinatal deverá ser diagnóstico de exclusão, mesmo na ausencia de alterações na ecografia transfontanelar.

De la inflamación y sus principales especies demostradas por hechos clínicos [Manuscrito]/

Tesis de doctorado presentada en la Universidad Central en 1865 (No constan miembros del tribunal ni calificación obtenida)

Preliminares clínicos ó introduccion a la práctica de la medicina /

Contiene: T. 1 (X, 228, [2] p.)

Estudios clínicos de cirujía [sic.] /

Mode of access: Internet.

Estudios clínicos sobre la acción que ejerce el cloroformo por la vía gástrica en el tratamiento de las fiebres intermitentes /

Mode of access: Internet.

Transplantes de córneas no estado do Rio Grande do Norte: aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos

This study aimed to characterize in a clinical and epidemiological way the patients who are on a waiting list for transplantation and the patients transplanted with corneal tissue in a corneal transplants reference service in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. It is an epidemiological study of a quantitative approach, with cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical cut including all patients on the waiting list for transplantation (population A) and the patients already transplanted with a corneal tissue (population B) in a reference service. In population A, there was a census conducted of patients on the waiting list for corneal transplantation (n=62 patients). In population B, the sample was non-probabilistic and corresponded to all corneal transplants performed in the service in the period from 2010 to 2014 (n=258). This study is approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, in Opinion 876 177 and CAAE 37533014.8.0000.5537. Data were collected in full in the period from January to April 2015, by two instruments built to systematize the necessary data collection. After being coded and tabulated, data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software, version 20.0. The definition of variables and their distribution patterns were presented as frequencies and measures of central tendency while, for multivariate analysis, the effect of magnitude measures were applied (prevalence ratio) and measures of association (chi-square test or Fisher's exact test) for a 0.05 significance level. The results are shown in two scientific articles coming from the field survey data. It was found that the epidemiological profile of patients on the waiting list (n=62) showed a prevalence of individuals aged over 50 years old, female (54.84%) and residents of the middle region of East Rio Grande do Norte (66.13%). The clinical profile of patients with corneal transplantation (n=258) was characterized by being male (51.16%) with an average age of 49.33 years old and 57.75% were coming from East Rio Grande do Norte. The average time on the waiting list was 172.63 days in elective transplants and 9.03 days in urgent transplants. Keratoconus was the main indicator condition to perform the transplant. For patients on the waiting list, the variable “type of disorder of the cornea” showed statistically significant association with gender and age. For patients with corneal transplants, the variable "type of disorder of the cornea" was associated with the variables gender, age, previous surgery, failure of previous graft, classification of the eye and glaucoma. By characterizing the clinical and epidemiological profile of corneal transplants, it is possible to question the reality, pointing about the care that should be offered and develop targeted interventions to collective and individual needs intrinsic to patients who need this surgery as a treatment option.

Efeitos do Kinesio Taping® sobre os marcadores clínicos indiretos de dano muscular induzido pelo exercício excêntrico: ensaio clínico randomizado

Objective: analyze the effect of Kinesio Taping (KT) on the indirect clinical markers of muscle damage induced by eccentric exercises in the elbow flexors in healthy individuals. Materials and methods: It is a randomized controlled trial involving sixty volunteers at age group between 18 and 28 years randomly selected. The sample into three groups with twenty participants: control group (CG) – eccentric protocol without KT, KT group – eccentric with tensioned KT, placebo group – eccentric protocol KT with no tension. The evaluations took place at four moments; the first one was the basis line (AV1), after the second protocol (AV2) and the following two groups 24 (AV3) and 48 hours (AV4) after the intervention protocol. The muscle damage was induced by sixteen maximum eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors from the non-dominant limb, divided in two sets of eight repetitions, at 60º/s, with two minutes interval. The variables analyzed were: the joint amplitude in rest, the level of pain, the joint position sense (JPS) followed of isokinetic checking with electromyographic sign capitation. These data were analyzed in software SPSS 20.0. The normality was identified by Kolmogorov-Smimov examination and then, being used the ANOVA mixed model with significance of 5%. Outcomes: a decrease was observed at joint amplitude moreover, an immediate increase of pain wich increased after 24 and remained until 48 hours at all groups searched. There was not difference at the JPS. The variables peak torque, average peak torque, total work and mean power mean reduced until 48 hours after muscle lesion in all groups. Among the groups, there was no difference in EMG values and for any of the variables. Conclusion: The KT did not influence at the indirect clinical markers of muscle lesion induced by eccentric exercises in the elbow flexors in healthy people.

Efeitos do Kinesio Taping® sobre os marcadores clínicos indiretos de dano muscular induzido pelo exercício excêntrico: ensaio clínico randomizado

Objective: analyze the effect of Kinesio Taping (KT) on the indirect clinical markers of muscle damage induced by eccentric exercises in the elbow flexors in healthy individuals. Materials and methods: It is a randomized controlled trial involving sixty volunteers at age group between 18 and 28 years randomly selected. The sample into three groups with twenty participants: control group (CG) – eccentric protocol without KT, KT group – eccentric with tensioned KT, placebo group – eccentric protocol KT with no tension. The evaluations took place at four moments; the first one was the basis line (AV1), after the second protocol (AV2) and the following two groups 24 (AV3) and 48 hours (AV4) after the intervention protocol. The muscle damage was induced by sixteen maximum eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors from the non-dominant limb, divided in two sets of eight repetitions, at 60º/s, with two minutes interval. The variables analyzed were: the joint amplitude in rest, the level of pain, the joint position sense (JPS) followed of isokinetic checking with electromyographic sign capitation. These data were analyzed in software SPSS 20.0. The normality was identified by Kolmogorov-Smimov examination and then, being used the ANOVA mixed model with significance of 5%. Outcomes: a decrease was observed at joint amplitude moreover, an immediate increase of pain wich increased after 24 and remained until 48 hours at all groups searched. There was not difference at the JPS. The variables peak torque, average peak torque, total work and mean power mean reduced until 48 hours after muscle lesion in all groups. Among the groups, there was no difference in EMG values and for any of the variables. Conclusion: The KT did not influence at the indirect clinical markers of muscle lesion induced by eccentric exercises in the elbow flexors in healthy people.

Acurácia dos indicadores clínicos do diagnóstico de enfermagem falta de adesão em pessoas vivendo com AIDS

In the early 1990s, a major milestone in the treatment of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome was the development of highly active combination antiretroviral therapy. The great benefit generated by the use of this therapy was prolonging the survival of the people who got this disease, since it is no longer considered fatal, becoming a chronic condition. Despite improvements generated by this therapy, there are still many difficulties to be overcome. One is the patient adherence to their treatment, bringing challenges to services and health professionals. Hence the need for early identification of nursing diagnosis Lack of Accession so that solutions are sought by the nurse with the patient and his family. With this problem, adds to the difficulty of hospital nurses in inferring that diagnosis, especially in identifying their defining characteristics. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the accuracy of clinical indicators of nursing diagnosis Lack of Adherence to antiretroviral treatment for people living with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. The research took place in two stages. The first consists of the evaluation of the diagnostic indicators in the study; and second, the diagnostic inference performed by specialist nurses. The first step took place in a referral hospital in the treatment of infectious diseases in the Northeast of Brazil, and data were collected through an instrument for carrying out history and physical examination and analyzed for the presence or absence of the diagnostic indicators. In the second stage, the data were sent to experts, who judged the presence or absence of the diagnosis in the studied clientele. The project was submitted to the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, obtaining approval with the General Certificate for Ethics Assessment (CAAE) No 46206215.3.0000.5537. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Test were used Fisher's exact, chi-square test of Pearson and logistic regression. Since the accuracy of clinical indicators was measured by sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios. As a result, we identified the presence of diagnosis Lack of Accession on 69% (n = 78) of the study patients. The defining characteristics that showed statistically significant association with the diagnosis studied were: lack of adherence behavior, complications related to development, missing scheduled appointments, failure to achieve results, and exacerbation of symptoms. The characteristic with greater sensitivity was missing scheduled appointments and the highest specificity behavior of noncompliance. The logistic regression showed as predictors for the diagnosis Lack of Accession: lack of adherence behavior, missing scheduled appointments, failure to achieve results, and exacerbation of symptoms. It was concluded that the identification of clinical indicators accurately enabled a good prediction of the nursing diagnosis Lack of Accession on people living with the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, helping nurses develop early on strategies for promoting adherence to the use of antiretrovirals.

Acurácia dos indicadores clínicos do diagnóstico de enfermagem falta de adesão em pessoas vivendo com AIDS

In the early 1990s, a major milestone in the treatment of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome was the development of highly active combination antiretroviral therapy. The great benefit generated by the use of this therapy was prolonging the survival of the people who got this disease, since it is no longer considered fatal, becoming a chronic condition. Despite improvements generated by this therapy, there are still many difficulties to be overcome. One is the patient adherence to their treatment, bringing challenges to services and health professionals. Hence the need for early identification of nursing diagnosis Lack of Accession so that solutions are sought by the nurse with the patient and his family. With this problem, adds to the difficulty of hospital nurses in inferring that diagnosis, especially in identifying their defining characteristics. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the accuracy of clinical indicators of nursing diagnosis Lack of Adherence to antiretroviral treatment for people living with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. The research took place in two stages. The first consists of the evaluation of the diagnostic indicators in the study; and second, the diagnostic inference performed by specialist nurses. The first step took place in a referral hospital in the treatment of infectious diseases in the Northeast of Brazil, and data were collected through an instrument for carrying out history and physical examination and analyzed for the presence or absence of the diagnostic indicators. In the second stage, the data were sent to experts, who judged the presence or absence of the diagnosis in the studied clientele. The project was submitted to the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, obtaining approval with the General Certificate for Ethics Assessment (CAAE) No 46206215.3.0000.5537. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Test were used Fisher's exact, chi-square test of Pearson and logistic regression. Since the accuracy of clinical indicators was measured by sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios. As a result, we identified the presence of diagnosis Lack of Accession on 69% (n = 78) of the study patients. The defining characteristics that showed statistically significant association with the diagnosis studied were: lack of adherence behavior, complications related to development, missing scheduled appointments, failure to achieve results, and exacerbation of symptoms. The characteristic with greater sensitivity was missing scheduled appointments and the highest specificity behavior of noncompliance. The logistic regression showed as predictors for the diagnosis Lack of Accession: lack of adherence behavior, missing scheduled appointments, failure to achieve results, and exacerbation of symptoms. It was concluded that the identification of clinical indicators accurately enabled a good prediction of the nursing diagnosis Lack of Accession on people living with the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, helping nurses develop early on strategies for promoting adherence to the use of antiretrovirals.

Parámetros clínicos de chimpancé ("Pan troglodytes") en programas de rehabilitación y reintroducción en su medio natural

Genéticamente, los chimpancés y los bonobos son los parientes vivos más cercanos a los seres humanos, que comparten un ancestro común que vivió hace unos seis millones de años. Los chimpancés se consideran en peligro de extinción por la IUCN y numerosos programas de conservación en África trabajan hacia la protección de la especie y su hábitat. Amenazado por la caza furtiva y la destrucción del hábitat, las cifras de población de chimpancés salvajes siguen disminuyendo. Como consecuencia, un importante flujo de chimpancés en vivo que son víctimas de la caza furtiva son enviados a centros de rehabilitación en África donde viven en semilibertad y en ocasiones son reintroducidos en el medio natural. Un objetivo primordial en estos centros de rescate y rehabilitación es proporcionar a los primates en cautividad con altos estándares de bienestar. La realización de tratamientos médicos adecuados y una gestión cuidadosa contribuye a su buen estado de salud, que a su vez permite a estos centros para garantizar el bienestar óptimo chimpancé. A un nivel veterinaria, la implementación de un tratamiento rápido y efectivo para una enfermedad requiere las herramientas de diagnóstico adecuadas, así como los valores de referencia correctos correspondientes a la especie. El objetivo de la presente tesis es establecer rangos de referencia de los diferentes parámetros clínicos para el chimpancé común (Pan troglodytes), que viven en semi-libertad en su hábitat natural. A fin de establecer valores de referencia, hemos utilizado los datos obtenidos durante los controles de rutina del brezo en chimpancés realizados durante diez años, en Tchimpounga Centro de Rehabilitación de chimpancé. Todos los chimpancés en el Centro de Rehabilitación Tchimpounga someten a controles de salud a su llegada al centro y en adelante cada tres años. Los análisis se llevan a cabo para asegurar la buena salud de la comunidad, y mejorar el control de la transmisión de enfermedades infecciosas, como la tuberculosis. Los análisis incluyen la recogida de sangre de la muestra, electrocardiogramas, radiografías de tórax, ecografía abdominal y pruebas serológicas y bacteriológicas. Estos análisis requieren la inmovilización química del individuo. A su vez, otros controles de salud que no requieren inmovilización química se realizan a diario en el centro por personal cualificado. Estos incluyen el análisis de las heces y la orina, y la exploración física general. La exploración global incluye tomar la temperatura corporal diaria de los chimpancés menores de 10 años en virtud de condicionamiento positivo...

Comportamentos dos Enfermeiros Perante os Alarmes Clínicos em Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos: uma Revisão Integrativa

O presente estudo tem como propósito refletir sobre a prática de enfermagem no que concerne à temática da monitorização hemodinâmica. Pretendemos identificar a evidência empírica produzida sobre o comportamento dos enfermeiros perante os alarmes clínicos e, consequentemente, incentivar a adoção de estratégias que promovam um ambiente de cuidados intensivos menos ruidoso. Perspetivou-se um estudo de revisão sistemática da literatura. Selecionámos um conjunto de dezoito bases de dados eletrónicas, tendo recorrido a três idiomas. A colheita de informação decorreu entre dezembro de 2011 e janeiro de 2012 e, através de uma estratégia de cruzamento dos descritores selecionados, foram incluídos 5 artigos. Face a todo o corpo de discussão salientamos três categorias essenciais: opinião dos profissionais de saúde acerca dos alarmes clínicos; comportamento dos profissionais; estratégias promotoras de um ambiente menos ruidoso. Constatamos que os profissionais de saúde têm presente a bipolaridade dos alarmes clínicos e identificam limitações na sua gestão. Verificamos ainda que o comportamento dos profissionais nos estudos analisados não é linear, variando entre alterar os parâmetros no início de cada turno até ignorar uma grande maioria deles. Cientes desta realidade, os profissionais sugerem diversas estratégias passíveis de implementar, com vista a alarmes e comportamentos mais eficazes.