El desempeño de las empresas transnacionales: evidencia para la industria manufacturera de Chile

En este artículo se analiza el desempeño de las empresas transnacionales en la industria manufacturera chilena. Los resultados muestran que las subsidiarias de empresas con capital extranjero poseen mayor nivel de productividad que las empresas locales, pero no así en su crecimiento. Asimismo, que entre las empresas transnacionales y locales no existen diferencias significativas de sobrevivencia en el mercado. Empero, aquellas de propiedad mayoritariamente extranjera, pequeñas y de baja productividad sí presentan una probabilidad más elevada de salida, evidenciando un comportamiento de tipo footloose respecto de sus contrapartes locales. Esto se vincula a menores niveles de rentabilidad para este grupo de empresas transnacionales. Por último, los resultados sugieren que las empresas transnacionales no siempre tienen más altos niveles de rentabilidad respecto de las firmas locales. Más aún, pareciera que pueden explotar sus ventajas —en términos relativos a las empresas locales— solo en los mayores cuantiles de la distribución de rentabilidad.

Exportaciones del sector automotor brasileño al Mercado Común del Sur: ¿desviación de comercio o reducción de costos?

El sector automotor es uno de los sectores donde más ha crecido el comercio entre los miembros del mercosur. Aquí se examina la eventual desviación de comercio en ese sector durante el período 1991-2010, suponiendo la reducción de costos de los productos dada la expansión del mercado. El análisis se basa en los conceptos de reducción de costos y supresión de comercio acuñados por Corden (1972), con que se captan los efectos de las economías de escala. Para verificar si el bloque evoluciona de acuerdo con las ventajas comparativas, se utilizan los índices de orientación regional y de ventajas comparativas reveladas en forma conjunta. Los resultados sugieren un aumento de la eficiencia en el caso de los productos del sector automotor, cuyas exportaciones desde el Brasil al mercosur fueron más dinámicas, pues el mercado ampliado y relativamente protegido permitió aprovechar las economías de escala características de la industria automotriz.

Competitividade e coordenação na avicultura de corte: análise de empresas (São Paulo-Brasil e Lima-Peru)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Redes, território e competitividade: a estratégia das empresas de telefonia celular no Estado do Pará

Neste trabalho investigamos as territorialidades das empresas de telefonia móvel celular que operam no Estado do Pará (Vivo, Tim, Amazônia Celular e Oi). Para atingir esse objetivo, fazemos uso de um caminho teórico que aborda duas categorias analíticas: a rede e o território, que são permeados por outros dois conceitos derivados: a territorialidade e o que denominamos circuitos de poder. Utilizamos como corpus os dados obtidos junto as operadoras de telefonia móvel e os dados oficiais da Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações (ANATEL), com destaque ao cadastro nacional de Estações Radiobase (2007). A metodologia utilizada consiste no levantamento de dados secundários, seguido da elaboração de mapas, gráficos e quadros com base no estado do Pará. Esses instrumentos são analisados com intuito de definir o cenário da competição, os circuitos de poder e as áreas privilegiadas. Verificamos que as empresas de telefonia móvel utilizam o território como segmento de mercado, equiparando o cidadão à figura do consumidor. As operadoras selecionam suas áreas de atuação através de critérios eminentemente econômicos, privilegiando as áreas de maior atrativo para a acumulação da capitais e, também, as localidades geridas por grandes grupos econômicos, como a Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (CVDR).

Pós-graduação e mercado de trabalho: exigência de formação continuada como qualificação docente

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Competitividade inter-regional de sistemas de produção de bovinocultura de corte

O trabalho apresenta uma metodologia de avaliação de sistemas de produção através da mensuração da competitividade interna na bovinocultura de corte. Durante o primeiro trimestre de 2010, foram aplicados 65 questionários com pecuaristas, sendo 36 entrevistas na Região Sul (Estado do Rio Grande do Sul) e 29 na Região Norte (Estados do Pará e Rondônia). Foram definidos os principais direcionadores que afetam a competitividade interna - tecnologia, gestão, relações de mercado e ambiente institucional, sendo atribuído um peso específico para cada direcionador, a fim de obter o índice de competitividade. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente pela teoria de resposta ao item e pela análise de correspondência (ANACOR) com o software SPSS®. A Região Sul apresentou uma maior competitividade que a Região Norte. Independente da região, os fatores críticos de competitividade foram: integração lavoura-pecuária, planejamento estratégico, cálculo de indicadores financeiros, formação de preços, acesso a inovações tecnológicas e organização dos produtores.

Estratégia de sobrevivência dos desempregados da indústria calçadista de Franca - SP

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

A escola pública e as competências para o mercado: realidade e mitos

Discussing skill issues is dealing with what is most recent and usual in the field of education. Skill teaching has already entered the classroom, influenced teachers's vocabulary and has been a fixture in the educational projects and curriculum proposals. But in what aspect is pedagogy focused on skills different from other pedagogical theories to become so fundamental to schooling? Why do governments increasingly adopt skill teaching as a strategy and as goals of state education? Somehow we will treat these questions by looking at the concrete fundamentals of Skill Pedagogy Skill, its philosophical, political and economic bases to enable its incorporation into contemporary school practice.

Dimensões de competitividade para a empresa Brasileira: informação e conhecimento, qualidade, tecnologia e meio ambiente

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação de qualidade de amidos de mandioca modificados utilizados na fabricação de pão de queijo

The food industry looks for new ways and strategies to standardize the marketing products in the customer market. The modification of the cornflour that are produced in the manufacturing of the cheese bread has been one of the these ways, since some raw materials that are used to make the cornflour present different features in each supplyed allotment. The present research had as a main purpose to analyse such features looking forward to improving the quality of the final product. Thus, some tests were done to verify the pH, humidity and acidity; it was checked the percentage of carbonyl and carboxylic groups and the power of expansion to five different allotments and to farina, for example: pre-gel, natural, expandex farina as the combination of the three cited kinds. After diversifying the allotments, different results were acquired, even to an unique kind of farina and it was not possible to correlate the results of acidity, the percentage of carbonyl and carboxylic groups and the power of expansion. The pH and humidity are proper for each kind of farina. This way, the raw materials that are used for each cheese bread manufacturing must be analysed in each allotment

Identificação e análise da relação entre a utilização de construtos da qualidade e o desempenho e competitividade organizacional

A growing number of companies is adopting quality management systems to achieve better performance and remain competitive in the market. These systems, however, can prove quite complex because they involve different practices and factors. This paper seeks to identify and analyze how each of these factors and practices, defined as quality constructs, influence the performance and competitiveness in the organizational environment and thus contribute to the strategic decisions in the area of quality. To achieve that, a survey was conducted with industrial companies located in the state of São Paulo, and the data was analyzed by a structural equation software. As a result, it was observed that the constructs Customer Focus and Human Resources are the most influent for the competitive criteria of a company, while the constructs Supplier development and Customer Focus exert greater impact on performance

Projeto de exploração de mercado e desenvolvimento de novos conceitos para segmento cosmético brasileiro: aplicação e avaliação de métodos de pesquisa

The current growth of the cosmetic Brazilian market and the incessant search for innovations requires the company´s Research & Development departments to be efficient and assertive. Therefore this work aimed to approach the process of development of new concepts, since the market exploration using quantitative tools, Survey, until the concept creation by qualitative tools. As results of this project an analysis of the tools and guidelines used nowadays and the creation of new exploration methods were delivered

Redução do tempo de setup de máquinas de usinagem em uma industria automobilística

Continuous improvement of industrial processes is one way to become companies more competitive in the market. For this, a fairly widespread use is the methodology of lean production systems, by eliminating waste. One of the tools of these systems is the method of rapid exchange of die or also called SMED, which will be applied in this study. The study aims to develop proposals for reducing the time of set up of two machines in two machining lines, watching also the ergonomics and safety conditions in this operations. The set up time reduction is justified among others, due to increase the machine productivity. In applying the connecting rod machining line, there were two types of exchange. Reductions in time to set up proposals reached values of 47% to one of them, and 55% to the other. It is important to underline that to reach this result, there was no need for large investments. In the application in block machining line, was developed an improvement in the ergonomic area. It was placed a pulley block that came to increase the time of tool change. Aiming to improve the security of the exchange, without productivity loss, the method was applied to reduce this time. It was developed two proposals.: the first would reduce that time by 19%, and does not require many resources of the company. The second involves the parallelization of the exchange, so that the reduction is 48%. However, this proposal requires one more manpower at the time of exchange and it is not always possible

Analise de desgaste em materiais aplicados em discos de freio

Baja SAE competitions challenge engineering students to design and build offroad vehicles, preparing them for the competitive job market. This monograph aims to study a part of the braking of a Baja SAE vehicle system, the brake disc. Giving attention to the wear suffered by discs of two different materials, steel 1045 and stainless steel 304, helping the team Piratas do Vale Bardahl in the best selection between them. Braking tests were performed on a test bench. Both discs have suffered the same braking conditions. Brake pads material, brake line pressure, braking time, number of braking, were parameters which were repeated in the testing of different types of disk, in order to ensure a high power comparison between the obtained data. Before and after the disk tests were weighed and measured, to make a comparison. After the brake tests, the disks were subjected to hardness and surface roughness testing. With the data collected and observations made in the worn parts, the comparison between these two materials was made, obtaining a selection of the best material for the team. The tests showed that steel 1045 has more advantages, compared to stainless steel 304, when applied to brake discs, on the tested conditions

Avaliação da competitividade e da inserção em redes sociais dos piscicultores da UHE Canoas I

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)