Open Educational Resources: an opportunity for virtual learning institutions

The Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC, Open University of Catalonia) is involved inseveral research projects and educational activities related to the use of Open Educational Resources (OER). Some of the discussed issues in the concept of OER are research issues which are being tackled in two EC projects (OLCOS and SELF). Besides the research part, the UOC aims at developing a virtual centre for analysing and promoting the concept of OERin Europe in the sector of Higher and Further Education. The objectives are to makeinformation and learning services available to provide university management staff,eLearning support centres, faculty and learners with practical information required to create, share and re-use such interoperable digital content, tools and licensing schemes. In the realisation of these objectives, the main activities are the following: to provide organisationaland individual e-learning end-users with orientation; to develop perspectives and useful recommendations in the form of a medium-term Roadmap 2010 for OER in Higher and Further Education in Europe; to offer practical information and support services about how to create, share and re-use open educational content by means of tutorials, guidelines, best practices, and specimen of exemplary open e-learning content; to establish a larger group ofcommitted experts throughout Europe and other continents who not only share theirexpertise but also steer networking, workshops, and clustering efforts; and to foster and support a community of practice in open e-learning content know-how and experiences.

Job accessibility, employment and job-education mismatch in the metropolitan area of Barcelona

This paper analyses the effect of job accessibility by public and private transport on labour market outcomes in the metropolitan area of Barcelona. Beyond employment, we consider the effect of job accessibility on job-education mismatch, which represents a relevant aspect of job quality. We adopt a recursive system of equations that models car availability, employment and mismatch. Public transport accessibility appears as an exogenous variable in the three equations. Even though it may reflect endogenous residential sorting, falsification proofs suggest that the estimated effect of public transport accessibility is not entirely driven by the endogenous nature of residential decisions.

Market Opportunity Analysis of the Finnish Mineral Wool Market

Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on tutkia markkinamahdollisuuksia Suomeneristevillamarkkinoilla. Tutkimuksessa on sekä teoreettinen, että käytännön osuus. Teoreettisessa osiossa luodaan pohja empiiriselle tutkimukselle tutkimalla markkinamahdollisuusanalyysin eri komponenttien sisältöä. Empiirisessä osiossa haastatellaan markkinoiden suurimpia asiakkaita, jotka vastaavat valtaosasta markkinoiden ostovolyymista. Näiden haastattelujen pohjalta pyritään löytämään ne mahdollisuudet mitä eristevillamarkkinoilla on. Tutkimus osoittaa, että markkinamahdollisuusanalyysin eri komponentit ovat tiiviissä keskinäisessä suhteessa. Kattavalla tutkimuksella kyetään osoittamaan eri mahdollisuuksia markkinoilla. Empiirisessä osiossa kyetään osoittamaan, että Suomen eristevillamarkkinoilla on mahdollisuuksia uudelle toimittajalle. Tutkimuksessa esitetään myös joitakin toimenpide-ehdotuksia näiden havaittujen mahdollisuuksien hyödyntämiseksi.

Transnational private authority and the participation of workers' organizations in the regulatory space surrounding the employment relationship

Most corporate codes of conduct and multi-stakeholder sustainability standards guarantee workers' rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining, but many authors are sceptical about the concrete impact of codes and standards of this kind. In this paper we use Hancher and Moran's (1998) concept of 'regulatory space' to assess the potential of private transnational regulation to support the growth of trade union membership and collective bargaining relationships, drawing on some preliminary case study results from a project on the impact of the International Finance Corporation's (IFC) social conditionality on worker organization and social dialogue. One of the major effects of neoliberal economic and industrial policy has been the routine exclusion of workers' organizations from regulatory processes on the grounds that they introduce inappropriate 'political' motives into what ought to be technical decision-making processes. This, rather than any direct attack on their capacity to take action, is what seems best to explain the global decline in union influence (Cradden 2004; Howell 2007; Howe 2012). The evidence we present in the paper suggests that private labour regulation may under certain conditions contribute to a reversal of this tendency, re-establishing the legitimacy of workers' organizations within regulatory processes and by extension the legitimacy of their use of economic and social power. We argue that guarantees of freedom of association and bargaining rights within private regulation schemes are effective to the extent that they can be used by workers' organizations in support of a claim for access to the regulatory space within which the terms and conditions of the employment relationship are determined. Our case study evidence shows that certain trade unions in East Africa have indeed been able to use IFC and other private regulation schemes as levers to win recognition from employers and to establish collective bargaining relationships. Although they did not attempt to use formal procedures to make a claim for the enforcement of freedom of association rights on behalf of their members, the unions did use enterprises' adherence to private regulation schemes as a normative point of reference in argument and political exchange about worker representation. For these unions, the regulation was a useful addition to the range of arguments that they could deploy as means to justify their demand for recognition by employers. By contrast, the private regulation that helps workers' organizations to win access to regulatory processes does little to ensure that they are able to participate meaningfully, whether in terms of technical capacity or of their ability to mobilize social power as a counterweight to the economic power of employers. To the extent that our East African unions were able to make an impact on terms and conditions of employment via their participation in regulatory space it was solely on the basis of their own capacities and resources and the application of national labour law.

European employment strategy and spanish labour market policies

The paper aim is to analyse the influence of the European Employment Strategy (EES)in the implementation of the Spanish labour market policies. The first part of the paper describes the evolution and content of the EES. In the second one, the definition of activation is also explained. In addition to that, the ways how the EES develops and promotes active labour market policies are examined. The evolution of labour market policies in Spain and the current configuration of both active and passive policies are studied in the next three chapters. In these parts, the paper investigates to which extent the provisions of the EES have been implemented in Spain. The paper shows that: i) activation has been rising in the European countries since the implementation of the EES; ii) this fact has also happened in relative terms (comparing the evolution of active to passive policies); iii) Spain has been one of the countries which has led these processes; iv) the EES seems to have been influencing

Matkatavaroiden käsittelyn asiakaslähtöinen kehittäminen kansainvälisellä lentoasemalla

Lentoasema toimii matkustajien ja matkatavaroiden kauttakulkureittinä vaihdettaessa kulkumuotoa maaliikennevälineen ja lentokoneen tai kahden lentokoneen välillä. Matkustajien kanssa samassa lentokoneessa pitää kulkea myös heidän lentokoneen ruumassa kuljetettavat matkatavaransa. Lentoasemalla suoritettavan matkatavaroiden käsittelyn tehtävänä on huolehtia tavaroiden siirtämisestä matkustajan ja lentokoneen ruuman sekä eri lentokoneiden välillä. Kasvavan kapasiteettitarpeen lisäksi matkatavaroiden käsittelyyn vaikuttavia tulevaisuuden haasteita ovat lentokonetyyppien kehitys, säännösten muutokset, muutokset vastuualueiden jaossa, teknologinen kehitys sekä palvelun laadun merkityksen kasvu. Työssä arvioidaan näiden muutosten merkitystä Helsinki-Vantaan lentoaseman matkatavaroiden käsittelyyn. Tämä on suoritettu esittelemällä käsittelyprosessien nykytilanne ja lentoasemilla tarjottavat palvelut sekä matkatavaroiden käsittelyn vaikutus kokonaispalvelun laatuun. Tämä on mahdollistanut mahdollisten kehityskohteiden löytämisen etenkin palvelun parantamisen kannalta. Vaikka matkatavaroiden käsittelystä vastuullinen osapuoli vaihtuu prosessien aikana monesti, työssä on pyritty keskittymään lentoaseman vastuualueeseen. Tämä tarkoittaa käsittelyssä tarvittavia tiloja sekä tieto- ja mekaanisia järjestelmiä, joiden avulla lentoaseman pitää tarjota kaikille lentoasemalla toimiville yhtiöille tasavertaiset toimintamahdollisuudet. Työssä havaitut merkittävimmät kehityskohteet koskevat tiloja ja saapuvien matkatavaroiden luovuttamista.

Peripheral Nerve Repair: Multimodal Comparison of the Long-Term Regenerative Potential of Adipose Tissue-Derived Cells in a Biodegradable Conduit.

Tissue engineering is a popular topic in peripheral nerve repair. Combining a nerve conduit with supporting adipose-derived cells could offer an opportunity to prevent time-consuming Schwann cell culture or the use of an autograft with its donor site morbidity and eventually improve clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to provide a broad overview over promising transplantable cells under equal experimental conditions over a long-term period. A 10-mm gap in the sciatic nerve of female Sprague-Dawley rats (7 groups of 7 animals, 8 weeks old) was bridged through a biodegradable fibrin conduit filled with rat adipose-derived stem cells (rASCs), differentiated rASCs (drASCs), human (h)ASCs from the superficial and deep abdominal layer, human stromal vascular fraction (SVF), or rat Schwann cells, respectively. As a control, we resutured a nerve segment as an autograft. Long-term evaluation was carried out after 12 weeks comprising walking track, morphometric, and MRI analyses. The sciatic functional index was calculated. Cross sections of the nerve, proximal, distal, and in between the two sutures, were analyzed for re-/myelination and axon count. Gastrocnemius muscle weights were compared. MRI proved biodegradation of the conduit. Differentiated rat ASCs performed significantly better than undifferentiated rASCs with less muscle atrophy and superior functional results. Superficial hASCs supported regeneration better than deep hASCs, in line with published in vitro data. The best regeneration potential was achieved by the drASC group when compared with other adipose tissue-derived cells. Considering the ease of procedure from harvesting to transplanting, we conclude that comparison of promising cells for nerve regeneration revealed that particularly differentiated ASCs could be a clinically translatable route toward new methods to enhance peripheral nerve repair.

Työnjohtajien näkemyksiä työn muuttumisesta, esimiestaidoista ja kehittymisestä työnjohtajana. Case Stora Enso Oyj Imatran tehtaat

Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää Stora Enso Oyj:n Imatran tehtaiden työnjohdon näkemyksiä työn muuttumisesta, omista esimiestaidoista ja kehittymisestä työnjohtajana. Tutkimus suoritettiin kahdessa vaiheessa. Ensimmäisessä vaiheessa analysoitiin huolella aiemmin suoritettuja tutkimuksia. Tutkimuksen toinen vaihe suoritettiin kvalitatiivisesti teemahaastattelujen avulla. Tutkimuksen mukaan työnjohtajien työ on muuttunut auktoritäärisestä johtamisesta tiimityöhön ja yhteistyöhön. Muutoksen kokemiseen vaikuttavat päätöksentekoon osallistuminen, hyvät perustelut ja avoin tiedottaminen. Hyvän esimiehen ominaisuuksia ovat työnjohtajien mukaan reiluus, rehellisyys, tasapuolisuus ja luottamus työntekijään. Työnjohtajien mielestä Stora Enso tarjoaa hyvät mahdollisuudet kehittää itseään. Työnjohtajien keskeisiksi kehittämiskohteiksi nousivat ammatillinen osaaminen, kielitaito ja esimiestaidot, nimenomaan ihmisten johtaminen.

Hire me: Computational inference of hirability in employment interviews based on nonverbal behavior

Understanding the basis on which recruiters form hirability impressions for a job applicant is a key issue in organizational psychology and can be addressed as a social computing problem. We approach the problem from a face-to-face, nonverbal perspective where behavioral feature extraction and inference are automated. This paper presents a computational framework for the automatic prediction of hirability. To this end, we collected an audio-visual dataset of real job interviews where candidates were applying for a marketing job. We automatically extracted audio and visual behavioral cues related to both the applicant and the interviewer. We then evaluated several regression methods for the prediction of hirability scores and showed the feasibility of conducting such a task, with ridge regression explaining 36.2% of the variance. Feature groups were analyzed, and two main groups of behavioral cues were predictive of hirability: applicant audio features and interviewer visual cues, showing the predictive validity of cues related not only to the applicant, but also to the interviewer. As a last step, we analyzed the predictive validity of psychometric questionnaires often used in the personnel selection process, and found that these questionnaires were unable to predict hirability, suggesting that hirability impressions were formed based on the interaction during the interview rather than on questionnaire data.

Diverse Routes from School, via Higher Education, to Employment. A Comparison of Nine European Countries

The central theme for this study is graduate employment and employability in European-wide discussion. In this study, the complex relationships between higher education and the world of work are explored from the vantage point of how individuals make use of the higher education system in their transition from education to employment. The variation among individual transition processes in nine European countries is analysed with the help of a comparable graduate survey. Countries in this study are Italy, Spain, France, Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Finland, and Norway. The data used for the study is commonly known as the “CHEERS” or “Careers after Higher Education, A European Research Survey.” The data was collected in 1999. The study discusses the possibilities and limitations the higher education system has in supporting the initial education-to-work transitions of youth. The study also addresses problems with comparing national higher education systems in terms of enrolment and graduate employability. A central purpose for this study is to reflect on concerns about the prolongation of individual transitions with a framework that simultaneously considers both the graduate employability and the duration of the education-to-work transition process. The key concept for this study is the standard student/graduate; synonym concepts are the traditional and the conventional student/graduate. Standard graduates are relatively young individuals who are performing their initial transition from education to working-life and who complete the degree-earning process within the stipulated time frame. In all nine countries, standard graduates make up a considerable share of the student flow, passing from higher education to the labour markets. The share of standard graduates is by far the largest in France, where they comprise the overwhelming mass. The proportion of the standard graduates is the lowest in Italy, Finland, and Austria where approximately one in four graduates completed the process of higher education within the stipulated time frame. Of the nine countries compared, employability of the whole graduate population is the greatest in Norway, the UK, Finland, and the Netherlands. Compared with employability of the whole graduate population, variation among the countries is considerably reduced when reviewing the employability of only the standard graduates. Thereby, even though the ranking among countries remains largely unchanged, the variations among them are smaller when the duration of degree earning process is standardized. The study also discusses other ideal types of student careers (or transition processes) besides the standard student/graduate. Results of regression analyses indicate that that at the pan-European level analysis, the graduate labour markets are not heavily segmented in terms of the type of the individual transition process. When considering within-country differences between the graduates, the field of studies is clearly a more powerful explanatory variable than the type of the transition process. There are, nevertheless, clear indications that, irrespective of the country, chances of finding a high status job are, on the average, highest amongst those who graduate within the stipulated duration of the degree program and who thereby have experienced the standard student career, whereas, participating in working life while studying protects against unemployment after finishing one’s degree.