History of West Point, and its military importance during the American revolution: and the origin and progress of the United States military academy.

"[Fac-simile] Proceedings of a board of general officers, held by order of His Excellency Gen. Washington ... respecting Major John Andrè ... September 29, 1780. Philadelphia: Printed by Francis Bailey ... M.DCC.LXXX": p. 127-147.

Detailed minutiae of soldier life in the Army of Northern Virginia, 1861-1865 /

Reprint. Originally published: Richmond : C. McCarthy, 1882.

Centennial tale; memoirs of Colonel "Chester" S. Bassett French, extra aide-de-camp to Generals Lee and Jackson, the Army of Northern Virginia, 1861-1865.

Mode of access: Internet.

Registrum Palatinum dunelmense. The register of Richard de Kellawe, lord palatine and bishop of Durham, 1311-1316.

Register of Bishop Bury: v. 3, p. 208-523.

Vetus registrum sarisberiense alias dictum Registrum S. Osmundi episcopi. The register of S. Osmund,

Text of "S. Osmundi consuetudinarium", Latin and English on opposite pages.

Report of the Virginia State Library

Special reports and monographs are issued as part of some of the Reports

The church plate of Carmarthenshire.

Mode of access: Internet.

Proceedings of the ... annual meeting of the Virginia State bar association

Editors: 1897-1904, E. C. Massie.--1905-23, J. B. Minor.--1924- C. M. Chichester

Proceedings of the New England Methodist Historical Society annual meeting

Mode of access: Internet.

Collections of the Virginia Historical Society

Mode of access: Internet.

Statistical annual report of the Virginia State Department of Health.

Chiefly tables.

The Church historians of England ...

Pre-reformation series ed. by Joseph Stevenson.

Inhibition of interferon signaling by the New York 99 strain and Kunjin subtype of West Nile virus involves blockage of STAT1 and STAT2 activation by nonstructural proteins

The interferon (IFN) response is the first line of defense against viral infections, and the majority of viruses have developed different strategies to counteract IFN responses in order to ensure their survival in an infected host. In this study, the abilities to inhibit IFN signaling of two closely related West Nile viruses, the New York 99 strain (NY99) and Kunjin virus (KUN), strain MRM61C, were analyzed using reporter plasmid assays, as well as immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses. We have demonstrated that infections with both NY99 and KUN, as well as transient or stable transfections with their replicon RNAs, inhibited the signaling of both alpha/beta IFN (IFN-alpha/beta) and gamma IFN (IFN-gamma) by blocking the phosphorylation of STAT1 and its translocation to the nucleus. In addition, the phosphorylation of STAT2 and its translocation to the nucleus were also blocked by KUN, NY99, and their replicons in response to treatment with IFN-alpha. IFN-alpha signaling and STAT2 translocation to the nucleus was inhibited when the KUN nonstructural proteins NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, and NS4B, but not NS1 and NS5, were expressed individually from the pcDNA3 vector. The results clearly demonstrate that both NY99 and KUN inhibit IFN signaling by preventing STAT1 and STAT2 phosphorylation and identify nonstructural proteins. responsible for this inhibition.

NS1 protein secretion during the acute phase of West Nile virus infection

The West Nile virus (WNV) nonstructural protein NS1 is a protein of unknown function that is found within, associated with, and secreted from infected cells. We systematically investigated the kinetics of NS1 secretion in vitro and in vivo to determine the potential use of this protein as a diagnostic marker and to analyze NS1 secretion in relation to the infection cycle. A sensitive antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of WNW NS1 (polyclonal-ACE) was developed, as well as a capture ELISA for the specific detection of NS1 multimers (4G4-ACE). The 4G4-ACE detected native NS1 antigens at high sensitivity, whereas the polyclonal-ACE had a higher specificity for recombinant forms of the protein. Applying these assays we found that only a small fraction of intracellular NS1 is secreted and that secretion of NS1 in tissue culture is delayed compared to the release of virus particles. In experimentally infected hamsters, NS1 was detected in the serum between days 3 and 8 postinfection, peaking on day 5, the day prior to the onset of clinical disease; immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies were detected at low levels on day 5 postinfection. Although real-time PCR gave the earliest indication of infection (day 1), the diagnostic performance of the 4G4-ACE was comparable to that of real-time PCR during the time period when NS1 was secreted. Moreover, the 4G4-ACE was found to be superior in performance to both the IgM and plaque assays during this time period, suggesting that NS1 is a viable early diagnostic marker of WNV infection.

Genetic analysis of West Nile New York 1999 encephalitis virus

Analysis of the genome of the flavivirus responsible for the 1999 New York City encephalitis epidemic cloned from human brain by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction indicates its identity as a lineage I West Nile virus (WNV; WNV-NY1999) closely related to WNVs previously isolated in the Middle East.